Ain Sokhna
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Al-'Ain al-Sokhna (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA"., "the Hot Spring") is a town in the Suez Governorate, lying on the western shore of the Red Sea's Gulf of Suez. It is situated Script error: No such module "convert". south of Suez and approximately Script error: No such module "convert". east of Cairo.
History
Recent archaeological excavations have shown that there was an ancient Egyptian port and settlement in this area. The site was first brought to attention in 1999 by Professor Mahmud Abd El Raziq.[1] French and Egyptian archaeologists have been investigating this area since that time. It can be compared with the port of Mersa Gawasis further south. It connected the mining areas of the Sinai with Memphis some 120 km across the Eastern Desert, important for turquoise and copper.
Early Bronze
As early as the Old Kingdom, seafaring expeditions on the Red Sea were organized from this port. Similar material was also found at the Wadi Maghareh, where many Old Kingdom inscriptions are found.[2]
Middle Bronze
In the Middle Kingdom, activity continued along the Red Sea and across to the mining areas in the Sinai.[3]
Eleventh Dynasty
In Year 1 of Mentuhotep IV, an expedition of 3,000 men was sent to bring back "products the desert".[4]
Twelfth Dynasty
Some 4,000 men were sent in an expedition during the reign of Amenemhat I.[3] In Year 9 of Senusret I and Year 2 of Amenemhat II more expeditions were sent. Ity, son of Isis, was an official serving Amenemhat II and he also has two inscriptions at Wadi Maghara dated to the same year. Ten storage galleries cut into the rock has yielded items, including wooden boat planks, ceramics from the 12th Dynasty, and a gold pendant with parallels to some found at Dahshur dating to the reign of Senusret III.
Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), as the rest of Egypt.
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Economy
The town also has a port called Ain Sokhna port.[6]
References
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- ↑ Abd el-Raziq M. 1999. New inscriptions at El-Ein el-Sukhna. Memnonia 10: 125 –31
- ↑ Pierre Tallet, Ayn Sukhna and Wadi el-Jarf: Two newly discovered pharaonic harbours on the Suez Gulf. (PDF file) British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 18 (2012): 147–68
- ↑ a b Mahmoud Abd el-Raziq, Georges Castel, Pierre Tallet, Grégory Marouard (2012) The Pharaonic Site of Ayn Soukhna in the Gulf of Suez 2001-2009 Progress Report
- ↑ Abd el-Raziq et al. 2002
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Port Said Port Authoritymts.gov.eg Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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