Age of candidacy

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Template:Short description Template:Youth rights sidebar Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally hold certain elected government offices. In many cases, it also determines the age at which a person may be eligible to stand for an election or be granted ballot access.

International standards

International electoral standards which are defined in the International Public Human Rights Law, allow restricting candidacy on the basis of age. The interpretation of the International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights offered by the United Nations Human Rights Committee in the General Comment 25 states "Any conditions which apply to the exercise of the rights protected by article 25 (of the ICCPR) should be based on objective and reasonable criteria. For example, it may be reasonable to require a higher age for election or appointment to particular offices than for exercising the right to vote, which should be available to every adult citizen."[1]

Comparison

File:Lower House Candidacy Age - Global.svg
Minimum age to be a candidate for the lower house by country. <templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>
Country President Vice President Prime Minister Upper house Lower house References
Template:Country data Albania 40 18 - 18 [2][3][4]
Template:Country data Algeria 40 40 28 [5][6]
Template:Country data Andorra 18 18 - 18 [7][8]
Template:Country data Angola 35 - - 18 [9]
Template:Country data Argentina 30 30 - 30 25 [10][11][12][13]
Template:Country data Armenia 40 - 25 - 25 [14][15]
Template:Country data Australia - - 18 18 18 [6]
Template:Country data Austria 35 - 18 18 18 [16][17][6]
Template:Country data Azerbaijan 18 18 - 18 [18]
Template:Country data Bahamas - - 21 30 21 [19]
Template:Country data Bahrain - - 30 35 30 [20]
Template:Country data Bangladesh 35 - 25 - 25 [21][22][23]
Template:Country data Barbados - 21 21 21 [24]
Template:Country data Belarus 35 - - 30 21 [25]
Template:Country data Belgium - - 18 18 18 [26][27]
Template:Country data Belize - - 18 18 18 [28]
Template:Country data Benin 40 - - 25 [29][6]
Template:Country data Bhutan - - 25 25 25 [30]
Template:Country data Bolivia 30 30 - 18 18 [31]
Template:Country data Botswana 30 30 - - 18 [32]
Template:Country data Brazil 35 35 - 35 21 [33]
Template:Country data Bulgaria 21 21 - 21 [34]
Template:Country data Burkina Faso 35[note 1] - - [35]
Template:Country data Burundi 40 35 25 [36]
Template:Country data Cabo Verde 35 - 18 [37][6]
Template:Country data Cambodia 30 - 40 25
Template:Country data Cameroon 35 - 40 23 [38][6]
Template:Country data Canada - - 30 18 [39]
Template:Country data Central African Republic 35 - - - - [40]
Template:Country data Chile 35 - 35 21 [41]
Template:Country data China 45 45 - 18 [6]
Template:Country data Colombia 30 30 - 30 25 [42][43]
Template:Country data Comoros 35 - - 18 [44][6]
Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo 30 - 25 30 25 [45]
Template:Country data Republic of the Congo 30 - 45 25 [6]
Template:Country data Costa Rica 30 30 - - 21 [46]
Template:Country data Côte d'Ivoire 35 - 23 [47][6]
Template:Country data Croatia 18 - 18 [48][49][50]
Template:Country data Cuba 35 35 35 - 18 [51]
Template:Country data Cyprus 35 35 (indefinitely vacant) - 25 25 [52]
Template:Country data Czech Republic 40 40 21 [53]
Template:Country data Denmark - - 18 - 18 [54]
Template:Country data Djibouti 40 - - 23 [55]
Template:Country data Dominica 40 - 21 21 21 [56]
Template:Country data Dominican Republic 30 30 - 25 25 [57]
Template:Country data East Timor 35 - 17 [58][59]
Template:Country data Ecuador 30 30 - - 18 [60]
Template:Country data Egypt 40 40 35 35 25 [61][62]
Template:Country data El Salvador 30 - - 25 [63]
Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea 40 - - 25 [64][6]
Template:Country data Estonia 40 - 21 [65]
Template:Country data Ethiopia 21 21 [66]
Template:Country data Fiji - 18 - 18 [67]
Template:Country data Finland 18 - 18 - 18 [68][69][70]
Template:Country data France 18 24 18 [6]
Template:Country data Gambia 30 - - 21 [71]
Template:Country data Georgia 40 - 18 - 25 [72]
Template:Country data Germany 40 - 18 18 [73]
Template:Country data Ghana 40 - - 21 [74]
Template:Country data Greece 40 - 25 - 25 [75][76][77]
Template:Country data Grenada - - 18 18 18 [78]
Template:Country data Guatemala 40 40 18 18 [79]
Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau 35 - - 21 [80][6]
Template:Country data Guyana 18 18 18 - 18 [81]
Template:Country data Hong Kong - - - 21 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Honduras 30 30 - - 21 [82]
Template:Country data Hungary 35 - - 18 [83][84]
Template:Country data Iceland 35 - - 18 [85]
Template:Country data India 35 35 25 30 25 [86]
Template:Country data Indonesia 40 or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections 40 or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections - 21 21
Template:Country data Iran 21 - - 26 [87][6]
Template:Country data Iraq 40 35 (never established) 28 [88][89][90]
Template:Country data Ireland 35 - 30 21 [91][92][93][94][95]
Template:Country data Israel - 30 - 21 [96]
Template:Country data Italy 50 - 40 25 [97]
Template:Country data Jamaica - - 21 21 21 [98]
Template:Country data Japan - - 30 30 25 [99][100]
Template:Country data Jordan - - 40 40 30 [101]
Template:Country data Kazakhstan 40 - 30 25 [102]
Template:Country data Kenya 18 18 - 18 18 [103][104]
Template:Country data Kiribati 21 - - 21 [105]
Template:Country data Kuwait - - 30 - 30 [106]
Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan 35 - 21 - 21 [107]
Template:Country data Kosovo 18 18 18 - 18 [108]
Template:Country data Laos 20 20 20 - 20 [109]
Template:Country data Latvia 40 - - 21 [110]
Template:Country data Lesotho - - 18 21 18 [111][6]
Template:Country data Liberia 35 - 30 25 [112]
Template:Country data Lithuania 40 - - 25 [113]
Template:Country data Luxembourg - - - 18 [114]
Template:Country data Madagascar 35 - [115]
Template:Country data Malawi 35 35 - (never established) 21 [116]
Template:Country data Malaysia - - 21 30 21 [117]
Template:Country data Maldives 35 35 - - 18 [118]
Template:Country data Malta - 18 [119][120]
Template:Country data Marshall Islands 21 - - - 21 [121]
Template:Country data Mauritania 40 - 35 25 [122]
Template:Country data Mauritius 40 40 18 - 18 [123]
Template:Country data Mexico 35 - - 25 21 [124]
Template:Country data Micronesia 30 30 - - 30 [125]
Template:Country data Moldova 40 - 18 [126][6]
Template:Country data Mongolia 45 - - 25 [127]
Template:Country data Montenegro 18 - 18 - 18 [128]
Template:Country data Mozambique 35 - - 18 [129][6]
Template:Country data Myanmar 45 30 (dissolved) 25 (dissolved) [130][131]
Template:Country data Namibia 35 35 21 21 21 [132]
Template:Country data Nauru 20 - - - 20 [133]
Template:Country data Nepal 45 35 35 25 [134]
Template:Country data Netherlands - - 18 18 18 [135]
Template:Country data New Zealand - - 18 - 18 [136]
Template:Country data Nicaragua 25 25 - - 21 [137]
Template:Country data Nigeria 35 35 - 35 25 [138]
Template:Country data North Korea - 17 [139][140]
Template:Country data Norway - - 18 - 18 [141]
Template:Country data Pakistan 45 - 25 30 25 [142]
Template:Country data Palau 35 35 - 25 25 [143]
Template:Country data Palestine 40 - - - 28 [6]
Template:Country data Panama 35 35 - - 21 [144]
Template:Country data Papua New Guinea - - - 25 [145]
Template:Country data Paraguay 30 30 - 35 25 [146]
Template:Country data Peru 35 35 - - 25 [147]
Template:Country data Philippines 40 40 35 25 [148]
Template:Country data Poland 35 - 30 21 [149]
Template:Country data Portugal 35 - - 18 [150][151]
Template:Country data Qatar - - - 30 [152]
Template:Country data Romania 35 - 33 23 [153][154][155][156][157]
Template:Country data Russia 35 - - 21 [158][159]
Template:Country data Rwanda 35 - 40 21 [160][6]
Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis - - 21 21 21 [161]
Template:Country data Saint Lucia - - 21 30 21 [162]
Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - - 21 21 21 [163]
Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe 35 - - 18 [164][6]
Template:Country data Senegal 35 - - 25 [165][6]
Template:Country data Serbia - - 18 [166]
Template:Country data Seychelles 18 18 - - 18 [167]
Template:Country data Sierra Leone 40 - - 21 [168]
Template:Country data Singapore 45 - 21 - 21 [169]
Template:Country data Slovakia 40 - 21 - 21 [170]
Template:Country data Solomon Islands - - 21 - 21 [171]
Template:Country data South Africa 18 18 18 [172][6]
Template:Country data South Korea 40 - - - 18 [173]
Template:Country data Spain - - 18 18 [174]
Template:Country data Sri Lanka 18 - 18 - 18 [175]
Template:Country data Suriname 30 30 30 - 21 [176]
Template:Country data Sweden - - 18 - 18 [177]
Template:Country data Switzerland 18 18 18 18 18 [178]
Template:Country data Taiwan 40 40 - - 23 [179]
Template:Country data Tajikistan 30 - 30 30 [180]
Template:Country data Tanzania 40 21 - 21 [181][182]
Template:Country data Thailand - - 35 40 25 [183]
Template:Country data Togo 35 - - 25 [184][6]
Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago 35 - 18 25 18 [185][6]
Template:Country data Tunisia 40 - - 23 [186]
Template:Country data Turkey 40 40 - - 18 [187]
Template:Country data Tuvalu - - 21 - 21 [188]
Template:Country data Uganda 18 18 18 - 18 [189]
Template:Country data Ukraine 35 - - 21 [190]
Template:Country data United Kingdom - - 18 21 18 [191]
Template:Country data United States 35 35 - 30 25 [192]
Template:Country data Uruguay 35 - 30 25 [193][194][195]
Template:Country data Uzbekistan 35 - 25 25 [196]
Template:Country data Vanuatu 25 - 25 - 25 [197]
Template:Country data Venezuela 30 30 - - 21 [198]
Template:Country data Vietnam 21 21 21 - 21 [199][200]
Template:Country data Zambia 35 35 - - 21 [201][202][203]
Template:Country data Zimbabwe - - - 40 21 [204][205]

Historical

The first known example of a law enforcing age of candidacy was the Lex Villia Annalis, a Roman law enacted in 180 BCE which set the minimum ages for senatorial magistrates.[206]

By country

Australia

In Australia a person must be aged 18 or over to stand for election to public office at federal, state or local government level. Prior to 1973, the age of candidacy for the federal parliament was 21.[207]

The youngest ever member of the House of Representatives was 20-year-old Wyatt Roy, elected in the 2010 federal election. The youngest member of Penrith City Council, and of any local council in New South Wales, is Libby Austin, who was 19 at the time of her election in September 2024.[208]

Austria

In Austria, a person must be 18 years of age or older to stand in elections to the European Parliament or National Council.[16] The Diets of regional Länder are able to set a minimum age lower than 18 for to be in the polls in elections to the Diet itself as well as to municipal councils in the Land.[209] In presidential elections the candidacy age is 35.

Belgium

Any Belgian who has reached the age of 18 years can stand for election for the Chamber of Representatives, can become a member of the Senate, or can be elected in one of the regional parliaments.[210] This is regulated in the Constitution (Art. 64) and in the Special Law on the Reform of the Institutions.

Belize

According to the Constitution of Belize, a person must be at least 18 years old to be elected as a member of the House of Representatives and must be at least 30 to be Speaker of the House. A person must be at least 18 years old to be appointed to the Senate and must be at least 30 to be president or Vice-President of the Senate. As only members of the House of Representatives are eligible to be appointed prime minister, the Prime Minister must be at least 18 years old. A person must also be at least 18 years old to be elected to a village council.[28]

Brazil

The Brazilian Constitution (Article 14, Section 3 (VI)) defines 35 years as the minimum age for someone to be elected president, Vice-President or Senator; 30 years for state Governor or Vice-Governor; 21 for Federal or State Deputy, Mayor or Vice-Mayor; and 18 for city Council member.[33]

Canada

In Canada, the constitution does not outline any age requirements to run for elected office, simply stating "Every citizen of Canada has the right to vote in an election of the members of the House of Commons or of a legislative assembly and to be qualified for membership therein."[211] However under the current Elections Canada Act to be eligible to run for elected office (municipal, provincial, federal) one must be a minimum of 18 years or older on the day of the election.[212] Prior to 1970, the age requirement was 21 along with the voting age.

To be appointed to the Senate (Upper House), one must be at least 30 years of age, under 75 years of age, must possess land worth at least $4,000 in the province for which they are appointed, and must own real and personal property worth at least $4,000, above their debts and liabilities.[213]

In the province of Ontario, Sam Oosterhoff, a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, was first elected at the age of 19 in a November 2016 by-election, the youngest Ontario MPP to ever be elected. [214]

Pierre-Luc Dusseault (born May 31, 1991) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2011 federal election at the age of 19, becoming the youngest Member of Parliament in the country's history. He was sworn into office two days after his 20th birthday. He was re-elected in 2015 but lost his seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election.[215]

Central African Republic

Article 36 of the 2016 Constitution of the Central African Republic requires that candidates for President must "be aged thirty-five (35) years at least [on] the day of the deposit of the dossier of the candidature".[40]

Chile

In Chile the minimum age required to be elected President of the Republic is 35 years on the day of the election. Before the 2005 reforms the requirement was 40 years, and from 1925 to 1981 it was 30 years. For senators it is 35 years (between 1981 and 2005 it was 40 years) and for deputies it is 21 years (between 1925 and 1970 it was 35 years).[216]

China

In China the minimum age to be elected as president or vice-president is 45.[217] All citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election.[218]

Cyprus

In Cyprus the minimum age to be elected president is 35 years. The minimum age to run for the House of Representatives was 25 years until the Constitution was amended in 2019 to lower the limit to 21.[219]

Czech Republic

In the Czech Republic, a person must be at least 18-years-old to be elected in local elections. A person must be at least 21 years old to be elected to the lower house of the Czech Parliament or to the European Parliament and 40 years old to be a member of the upper house (Senate) of the Parliament[53] or the President of the Czech Republic.

Denmark

In Denmark, any adult 18 years of age or older can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.

Estonia

In Estonia, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected in local elections, and 21 years or older in parliamentary elections. The minimum age for the President of Estonia is 40.[65]

France

In France, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected to the lower house of Parliament, and 24 years or older for the Senate. The minimum age for the President of France is 18.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Germany

In Germany a citizen must be 18 or over to be elected at the national level, like the Chancellor, and this age to be elected at the regional or local level. A person must be 40 or over to be President.

Greece

In Greece, those aged 25 years old and over who hold Greek citizenship are eligible to stand and be elected to the Hellenic Parliament.[76] All over 40 years old are eligible to stand for presidency.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong a person must be at least 21 to be candidate in a district council or Legislative Council election.[220][221] A person must be at least 40 to be candidate in the Chief Executive election, and also at least 40 to be candidate in the election for the President of the Legislative Council from among the members of the Legislative Council.[222]

Iceland

For the office of President, any Icelandic citizen who has reached the age of 35 and fulfills the requirement necessary to vote in elections to the Althing is eligible to be elected president.[223]

India

In India a person must be at least:

Criticism has been on the rise to decrease the age of candidacy in India. Young India Foundation has been working on a campaign to decrease the age of candidacy in India for MPs and MLAs to better reflect the large young demographic of India.[224]

Indonesia

In Indonesia a person must be at least:

  • 40 to be President or Vice President or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections as specified in the Constitution of IndonesiaScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 30 to be Governor or Lieutenant Governor, as specified in the 2004 Regional Government ActScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 25 to be Regent, Vice Regent, Mayor, or Deputy Mayor, as specified in the 2004 Regional Government ActScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 21 to be Senator or Representative in both national and local parliament, as specified in the 2008 Election ActScript error: No such module "Unsubst".

Israel

In Israel one must be at least 21 to become a member of the Knesset (Basic Law: The Knesset section 6(a)) or a municipality.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". When the Prime Minister was directly elected, one must have been a member of the Knesset who is at least 30 to be a candidate for prime minister.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Every Israeli Citizen (including minors) can be appointed as a Government Minister, or elected as President of Israel, but the latter role is mostly ceremonial and elected by the Parliament.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Italy

In Italy, a person must be at least 50 to be President of the Republic, 40 to be a Senator, and 25 to be a Deputy, as specified in the 1947 Constitution of Italy. 18 years of age is sufficient, however, to be elected member of the Council of Regions, Provinces, and Municipalities (Communes).

Iran

In Iran a person must be at least 21 years old to run for president.[87]

Iraq

The Iraqi constitution states that a person must be at least 40 years old to run for president[88] and 35 years old to be prime minister.[89] Until 2019, the electoral law set the age limit at 30 years old for candidates to run for the Council of Representatives.[225] However, the new Iraqi Council of Representatives Election Law (passed in 2019, yet to be enacted) lowered the age limit to 28.[226]

Ireland

The 1937 Constitution of Ireland requires the President to be at least 35 and members of the Oireachtas (legislature) to be 21.[91][92] Members of the European Parliament for Ireland must also be 21.[92][93] Members of local authorities must be 18, reduced from 21 in 1973.[92][94] The 1922–1937 Constitution of the Irish Free State required TDs (members of the Dáil, lower house) to be 21,[227] whereas Senators had to be 35 (reduced to 30 in 1928).[95] At the 1987 general election, the High Court ruled that a candidate (Hugh Hall) was eligible who reached the minimum age after the date of nomination but before the date of election.[228] The Thirty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2015 proposed to lower the presidential age limit to 21.[229] However, this proposal was rejected by 73% of the voters.

Japan

In Japan a person must be at least:[99]

Lithuania

In Lithuania a person must be at least:

Luxembourg

In Luxembourg a person must be at least 18-years-old to stand as a candidate to be a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the country's unicameral national legislature.[114]

Malaysia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In Malaysia a citizen shall be over 18 years of age to become a candidate and be elected to the Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Undangan Negeri, and a person shall be over 30 to be the Senator by constitution.

Mexico

In Mexico, a person must be at least 35 to be president, 25 to be a senator, or 21 to be a Congressional Deputy, as specified in the 1917 Constitution of Mexico.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, any adult 18 years of age or older can become elected in any public election. To be a candidate the person has to reach this age during the time for which the elections are held.

New Zealand

In New Zealand the minimum age to be Prime Minister of New Zealand is 18 years old. Citizens and permanent residents who are enrolled as an elector are eligible to be a candidate for election as a Member of Parliament.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Nigeria

In Nigeria, a person must be at least 35 years of age to be elected President or Vice President, 35 to be a senator, 30 to be a State Governor, and 25 to be a Representative in parliament or Member of the States' House of Assembly.[230]

North Korea

In North Korea, any person eligible to vote in elections to the Supreme People's Assembly is also eligible to stand for candidacy. The age for both voting and candidacy is 17.[231]

Norway

In Norway, any adult, aged 18 or over within the calendar year, can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.

Palestine

Palestinian parliamentary candidates must be at least 28 years old, while the presidential candidates must be at least 40 years old.[232]

Pakistan

In Pakistan, a person must be at least 45 years old to be President. A person must be at least 25 years old to be a member of the provincial assembly or national assembly.[233]

Philippines

Ages of candidacy in the Philippines[234][235][236]
Type of candidate Minimum age
President and Vice President 40
Senator 35
Member of the House of Representatives 25
Member of the Bangsamoro Parliament 25
Provincial-level elected official 23
City-level elected official in Highly Urbanized Cities 23
Mayor or Vice Mayor of all other cities or municipalities 21
Member of Sangguniang Panlungsod or Sangguniang Bayan in all other cities or municipalities 18
Barangay-level elected official (except for Sangguniang Kabataan) 18
Member of Sangguniang Kabataan 15[note 2]

Poland

Ages of candidacy in Poland
Type of candidate Minimum age
President 35
Senator 30
Mayor/Wójt 25
Member of the Parliament/Poseł 21
Member of the European Parliament 21
Councillor 18

Portugal

Ages of candidacy in Portugal
Type of candidate Minimum age References
President 35 [237]
Parliament 18 [238]

Russia

In Russia a person must be at least 35 to run for president.[158]

Singapore

In Singapore a person must be at least 45 years old to run for president.[239] 21 year-olds can stand in parliamentary elections.

South Africa

Section 47, Clause 1 of the 1996 Constitution of South Africa states that "Every citizen who is qualified to vote for the National Assembly is eligible to be a member of the Assembly", defaulting to Section 46 which "provides for a minimum voting age of 18 years" in National Assembly elections; Sections 106 and 105 provide the same for provincial legislatures.

South Korea

Ages of candidacy in South Korea[240]
Type of candidate Minimum age
President 40
Member of Parliament, Member of Legislative Assembly, Councillor 18
Mayor 18
Governor 18

[173]

Spain

Spain has two legislative chambers of Parliament, a lower house and an upper house. These are the Congress of Deputies (lower house) and the Senate of Spain (upper house) respectively. The minimum age requirement to stand and to be elected to either house is 18 years of age.[174]

Sweden

In Sweden, any citizen at least 18 years old, who resides, or who has resided in the realm can be elected to parliament.[241] Citizens of Sweden, the European Union, Norway or Iceland aged 18 and over may be elected to county or municipal council. Citizens of other countries may also be elected to council, provided they have resided in the realm for at least three years.[242]

Switzerland

In Switzerland, any citizen aged 18 or over can become a candidate and be elected in any federal election.

Taiwan

In the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan), the minimum age of candidacy is 23, unless otherwise specified in the Constitution or any relevant laws.[243] The Civil Servants Election and Recall Act specifies that candidates for township, city, and indigenous district chiefs must be at least 26, and candidates for municipality, county, and city governors must be at least 30.[244] The minimum age to be elected as president or vice-president is 40.[245]

Tibet

The 14th Dalai Lama was enthroned at the age of 4, and none of his predecessors have been enthroned before age 4. The coming of age for the Dalai Lama is 18, when responsibilities are assumed.

Turkey

The 1876 constitution set the age for parliamentary elections as 30. This remained unchanged until 13 October 2006, when it was lowered to 25 through a constitutional amendment. In 2017, it was further lowered to 18, the same as the voting age.[246] In presidential elections the candidacy age is 40.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a person must be aged 18 or over to stand in elections to all parliaments, assemblies, and councils within the UK, devolved, or local level. This age requirement also applies in elections to any individual elective public office; the main example is that of an elected mayor, whether of London or a local authority. There are no higher age requirements for particular positions in public office. Candidates are required to be aged 18 on both the day of nomination and the day of the poll.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Previously, the requirement was that candidates be 21 years old. During the early 2000s, the British Youth Council and other groups successfully campaigned to lower age of candidacy requirements in the United Kingdom.[247] The age of candidacy was reduced from 21 to 18 in England, Wales and Scotland on 1 January 2007,[248] when section 17 of the Electoral Administration Act 2006 entered into force.[249]

United States

Template:Main article In the United States, a person must be aged 35 or over to serve as president. To be a senator, a person must be aged 30 or over. To be a Representative, a person must be aged 25 or older. This is specified in the U.S. Constitution. Most states in the U.S. also have age requirements for the offices of Governor, State Senator, and State Representative.[250] Some states have a minimum age requirement to hold any elected office (usually 21 or 18).

Controversies

File:Jenness for President pin.jpg
In 1972, Linda Jenness ran for president of the United States as the third-party Socialist Workers Party candidate, although she was 31 at the time.

Many youth rights groups view current age of candidacy requirements as unjustified age discrimination.[251] Occasionally people who are younger than the minimum age will run for an office in protest of the requirement or because they do not know that the requirement exists. On extremely rare occasions, young people have been elected to offices they do not qualify for and have been deemed ineligible to assume the office.

In 1872, Victoria Woodhull ran for President of the United States, although according to the Constitution she would have been too young to be President if elected.[252]

In 1934, Rush Holt of West Virginia was elected to the Senate of the United States at the age of 29. Since the U.S. Constitution requires senators to be at least 30, Holt was forced to wait until his 30th birthday, six months after the start of the session, before being sworn in.[253]

In 1954, Richard Fulton won election to the Tennessee Senate. Shortly after being sworn in, Fulton was ousted from office because he was 27 years old at the time. The Tennessee State Constitution required that senators be at least 30.[254] Rather than hold a new election, the previous incumbent, Clifford Allen, was allowed to resume his office for another term. Fulton went on to win the next State Senate election in 1956 and was later elected to the U.S. House of Representatives where he served for 10 years.

In 1964, Congressman Jed Johnson Jr. of Oklahoma was elected to the 89th Congress in the 1964 election while still aged 24 years. However, he became eligible for the House after turning 25 on his birthday, 27 December 1964, seven days before his swearing in, making him the youngest legally elected and seated member of the United States Congress ever.[255]

In South Carolina, two Senators aged 24 were elected, but were too young according to the State Constitution: Mike Laughlin in 1969 and Bryan Dorn (later a U.S. congressman) in 1941. They were seated anyway.[256]

On several occasions, the Socialist Workers Party (USA) has nominated candidates too young to qualify for the offices they were running for. In 1972, Linda Jenness ran as the SWP presidential candidate, although she was 31 at the time. Since the U.S. Constitution requires that the President and Vice President be at least 35 years old, Jenness was not able to receive ballot access in several states in which she otherwise qualified.[257] Despite this handicap, Jenness still received 83,380 votes.[258] In 2004, the SWP nominated Arrin Hawkins as the party's vice-presidential candidate, although she was 28 at the time. Hawkins was also unable to receive ballot access in several states due to her age.[259]

Reform efforts

In the United States, many groups have attempted to lower age of candidacy requirements in various states. In 1994, South Dakota voters rejected a ballot measure that would have lowered the age requirements to serve as a State Senator or State Representative from 25 to 18. In 1998, however, they approved a similar ballot measure that reduced the age requirements for those offices from 25 to 21.[260] In 2002, Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure that would have reduced the age requirement to serve as a State Representative from 21 to 18.

Venezuela

In Venezuela, a person must be at least 30 to be President or Vice President,[261] 21 to be a deputy for the National Assembly[262] and 25 to be the Governor of a state.[263]

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist Template:Suffrage Template:Law country listsTemplate:Discrimination

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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  16. ↑ a b 31/BNR (XXIII. GP) Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, ss. 2 and 6, Republik Österreich Parlament (German). Retrieved on 1 July 2007.
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Grondwet van België Articles 64 & 69.
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Laws of Belize, Volume II, Title VIII, Chapter 88, Part III. "Any person shall be eligible to be elected as a member of a council who: is a citizen of Belize; and has ordinarily resided in the village for at least one year immediately preceding the election; and is at least eighteen years old."
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b Brazilian Constitution (in Portuguese)
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ a b Central African Republic's Constitution of 2016, William S. Hein & Co., English translation, translated by Maria del Carmen Gress, 2017.
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ The Law on the Election of the President of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  49. ↑ CROATIA Hrvatski Sabor (Croatian Parliament). INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  50. ↑ Voting in Croatia. Expat in Croatia. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Landtagswahlgesetz - LWG I. Allgemeines - § 4 Wählbarkeit. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Greece. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  76. ↑ a b GREECE Vouli Ton Ellinon (Hellenic Parliament). INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ a b Constitution of Iraq, Article 68
  89. ↑ a b Constitution of Iraq, Article 77
  90. ↑ Iraqi Election Law 2019, Article 8(1)
  91. ↑ a b Constitution of Ireland Article 12.4.1° (President) Article 16.1.1° (Dáil Éireann), Article 18.2 (Seanad Éireann)
  92. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ a b Constitution of the Irish Free State, Article 31; Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Kosovo. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ a b The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis, Henderson, Jane
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Serbia. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ a b Spain. Youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ SWEDEN Riksdagen (Parliament). INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz - Federal Constitutional Law 1920, 1929 version Template:Webarchive. Retrieved on 3 February 2007.
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Section 2, Article 79.
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Template:Cite Hong Kong ordinance
  221. ↑ Template:Cite Hong Kong ordinance
  222. ↑ Articles 44 and 71(2) of The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Law No. 45 of 2013 on Election of the Council of Representatives, Article 8 (a)
  226. ↑ Law No.X of 2019 The Iraqi Council of Representatives Election Law, article 8(1)
  227. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  228. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  236. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  239. ↑ Constitution, Art. 19(2)(b).
  240. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  241. ↑ Instrument of Government, section 3, 4 §.
  242. ↑ SFS (2017:725)
  243. ↑ Template:Cite constitution
  244. ↑ Template:Cite act
  245. ↑ Template:Cite constitution
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ "The Electoral Administration Act 2006 (Commencement No. 2, Transitional and Savings Provisions) Order 2006", article 3 and Schedule 1(14)(d).
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ "Unsworn Senators". Time (14 January 1935).
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  257. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  258. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  259. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  260. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  261. ↑ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter II, Article 227
  262. ↑ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter I, Article 188, Section 2
  263. ↑ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 4, Chapter III, Article 160


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