List of ethnic groups of Africa

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Template:Short description Template:Pp Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Ethnolinguistic groups in Africa Template:Use dmy dates The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands, with each ethnicity generally having their own language (or dialect of a language) and culture. The ethnolinguistic groups include various Afroasiatic, Khoisan, Niger-Congo, and Nilo-Saharan populations.

The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses, and due to rapid population growth. Some groups have alleged that there is deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority (as in the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo peoples).[1][2][3]

A 2009 genetic clustering study, which genotyped 1327 polymorphic markers in various African populations, identified six ancestral clusters. The clustering corresponded closely with ethnicity, culture, and language.[4] A 2018 whole genome sequencing study of the world's populations observed similar clusters among the populations in Africa. At K=9, distinct ancestral components defined the Afroasiatic-speaking populations inhabiting North Africa and Northeast Africa; the Nilo-Saharan-speaking populations in Northeast Africa and East Africa; the Ari populations in Northeast Africa; the Niger-Congo-speaking populations in West-Central Africa, West Africa, East Africa, and Southern Africa; the Pygmy populations in Central Africa; and the Khoisan populations in Southern Africa.[5]

Lists

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By linguistic phylum

As a first overview, the following table lists major groups by ethno-linguistic affiliation, with rough population estimates (as of 2016):Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Phylum Region Major groups Pop. (millions)
(2016)Script error: No such module "Unsubst". 		Number of groups
Afro-Asiatic North Africa, Horn of Africa, Sahel Amhara, Hausa, Oromo, Somali, Tigrayan 200 200-300[6]
Niger-Congo West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, East Africa Akan, Fula, Igbo, Kongo, Mandé, Mooré, Shona, Yoruba, Zulu 900 1650[6]
Nilo-Saharan Nile Valley, Sahel, East Africa Dinka, Kanuri, Luo, Maasai, Nuer, Songhai 60 80[6]
Khoisan Southern Africa, Tanzania Nama, San, Sandawe 1 40-70[6]
Austronesian Madagascar Malagasy 20 1[7]
Indo-European Central Africa, East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa Afrikaners, British, French 6 3[8]
Total Africa 1.2 billion (UN 2016) c. 2,000[9]

Major ethnic groups

The following is a table of major ethnic groups (10 million people or more):

Major ethnic groups Region Countries Language family Pop. (millions)
(year)
Akan West Africa Ghana, Ivory Coast Niger–Congo, Kwa Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Amhara Horn of Africa Ethiopia Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Script error: No such module "sort". (2007)
Arabs North Africa Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania Afro-Asiatic, Semitic 100+ (2013)[10]
Berbers North Africa Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania Afro-Asiatic, Berber 36 (2016)[11][12][13]
Chewa Central Africa Malawi, Zambia Niger–Congo, Bantu Script error: No such module "sort". (2007)
Fulani West Africa Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Central African Republic, Ghana, Togo, Sierra Leone Niger–Congo, Senegambian Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Hausa West Africa Nigeria, Niger, Benin, Ghana, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan Afro-Asiatic, Chadic Script error: No such module "sort". (2019)[14]
Hutu Central Africa Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo Niger–Congo, Bantu Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Igbo West Africa Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger Script error: No such module "sort". (2017)
Kanuri West Africa Nigeria,[15] Niger,[16] Chad,[17] Cameroon[18] Nilo-Saharan, Saharan Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Kongo Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Republic of the Congo Niger–Congo, Bantu Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Luba Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Niger–Congo, Bantu Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Mongo Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Niger–Congo, Bantu Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Mossi West Africa Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Niger, Ghana, Mali, Togo Niger–Congo, Bantu Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Nilotes Nile Valley, East Africa, Central Africa South Sudan, Sudan, Chad, Central African Republic, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic Script error: No such module "sort". (2007)
Oromo Horn of Africa Ethiopia, Kenya Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Script error: No such module "sort". (2022)
Shona East Africa Zimbabwe and Mozambique Niger–Congo, Bantoid Script error: No such module "sort". (2000)
Somali Horn of Africa Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Script error: No such module "sort". (2009)
Songhai West Africa Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Algeria Nilo-Saharan Script error: No such module "sort". (2019)
Yoruba West Africa Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Zulu Southern Africa South Africa Niger–Congo, Bantu Script error: No such module "sort". (2016)

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".: c. 1,650 Niger-Congo, c. 200-300 Afro-Asiatic, 80 Nilo-Saharan, 40-70 Khoisan.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ The total number of languages natively spoken in Africa is variously estimated (depending on the delineation of language vs. dialect) at between 1,250 and 2,100. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Some counts estimate "over 3,000", e.g. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".. Niger-Congo alone accounts for the majority of languages (and the majority of population), estimated at 1,560 languages by SIL Ethnologue) (Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".)
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Peter Austin, One Thousand Languages (2008), p. 75, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0520255607:"Kanuri is a major Saharan language spoken in the Lake Chad Basin in the Borno area of northeastern Nigeria, as well as in Niger, Cameroon, and Chad (where the variety is known as Kanembul[)]."

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External links

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de:Liste afrikanischer Sprachen

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