Adhiṭṭhāna

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Buddha
Buddha

Script error: No such module "lang". (Template:Langx from Script error: No such module "lang"., meaning "foundational" or "beginning" plus Script error: No such module "lang". meaning "standing"; Template:Langx) has been translated as "decision," "resolution," "self-determination," "will",[1] "strong determination"[2] and "resolute determination."[3] In the late canonical literature of Theravada Buddhism, Script error: No such module "lang". is one of the ten "perfections" (Script error: No such module "lang".), exemplified by the bodhisatta's resolve to become fully awakened.

Pāli Canon texts

While adhiṭṭhāna appears sporadically in the early Pāli Canon, various late-canonical and post-canonical accounts of the Gautama Buddha's past lives contextualize adhiṭṭhāna within the Theravadin ten perfections.

Digha Nikaya analysis

In the Pali Canon, in the Dīgha Nikāya discourse entitled, "Chanting Together" (DN 33), Sariputta states that the Buddha identified the following:

Four kinds of resolve (Script error: No such module "lang".): [to gain] (a) wisdom, (b) truth (sacca), (c) relinquishment (Script error: No such module "lang".), (d) tranquility (Script error: No such module "lang".).[4]

Bodhisatta Sumedho

In the late-canonical Buddhavaṃsa, the bodhisatta Sumedha declares (represented in English and Pali):

And as a mountain, a rock, stable and firmly based,
does not tremble in rough winds but remains in precisely its own place,
so you too must be constantly stable in resolute determination;
going on to the perfection of Resolute Determination, you will attain Self-Awakening.[5]

Script error: No such module "lang".[6]

Temiya the Wise

In the late-canonical Cariyapitaka, there is one account explicitly exemplifying Script error: No such module "lang"., that of "Temiya the Wise" (Cp III.6, Script error: No such module "lang".). In this account, at an early age Temiya, sole heir to a throne, recalls a past life in purgatory (Script error: No such module "lang".) and thus asks for release (Script error: No such module "lang".). In response, a compassionate Script error: No such module "lang". advises Temiya to act unintelligent and foolish and to allow himself to be an object of people's scorn.[7] Understanding the Script error: No such module "lang".'s virtuous intent, Temiya agrees to this and acts as if mute, deaf, and crippled. Seeing these behaviors but finding no physiological basis for them, priests, generals and countrymen decry Temiya as "inauspicious" and plan to have Temiya cast out. When Temiya is sixteen years old, he is ceremonially anointed and then buried in a pit. The account concludes:

... I did not break that resolute determination which was for the sake of Awakening itself. Mother and father were not disagreeable to me and nor was self disagreeable to me. Omniscience [Script error: No such module "lang".] was dear to me, therefore I resolutely determined on that itself. Resolutely determining on those factors I lived for sixteen years. There was no one equal to me in resolute determination — this was my perfection of Resolute Determination.[8]

See also

  • Script error: No such module "lang". (perfection)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (wisdom)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (truth)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (generosity)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (tranquillity)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (renunciation)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (equanimity)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (patience)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (loving-kindness)
    • Script error: No such module "lang". (diligence)

Notes

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". As further noted in Rhys Davids & Stede, in the Pali Canon, Script error: No such module "lang". can at times be wrongly motivated, connoting "obstinancy," as indicated by the Pali phrase Script error: No such module "lang"., "obstinacy, prejudice and bias" (p. 44, "Script error: No such module "lang".").
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ DN 33 1.11(27), translation by Walshe (1995), p. 492, v. 27. Parenthesized Pali and square-bracketed English are in the original.
  5. ↑ Buddhavamsa IIA.154-5 (trans. Horner, "Buddhavamsa," p. 22).
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Horner (2000), p. 36 n. 5, comments: "Kings, having to be very harsh, accumulated much demerit leading to Niraya [a Buddhist hell realm]."
  8. ↑ For the whole account, see Horner (2000), pp. 36-38. The final quotation is from Horner (2000), pp. 37-38, vv. 17-19.

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". DN 33 in the Ida B. Wells on-line library.
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (samples)

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