Holo-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase
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Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template other In enzymology and molecular biology, a holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase (ACPS, EC 2.7.8.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
- CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine] + apo-acyl carrier protein adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + holo-acyl carrier protein
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups. It is also known as 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase after the group it transfers.
Function
All ACPS enzymes known so far are evolutionally related to each other in a single superfamily of proteins. It transfers a 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) moiety from coenzyme A (CoA) to an invariant serine in an acyl carrier protein (ACP), a small protein responsible for acyl group activation in fatty acid biosynthesis. This post-translational modification renders holo-ACP capable of acyl group activation via thioesterification of the cysteamine thiol of 4'-PP.[1] This superfamily consists of two subtypes: the trimeric ACPS type such as E. coli ACPS and the monomeric Sfp (PCP-synthesizing) type such as B. subtilis SFP. Structures from both families are now known. The active site accommodates a magnesium ion. The most highly conserved regions of the protein are involved in binding the magnesium ion.[2][3]
Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme class is CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine]:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] 4'-pantetheinephosphotransferase. Other names in common use, disregarding the synthetase/synthase spelling difference, include acyl carrier protein holoprotein synthetase, holo-ACP synthetase, coenzyme A:fatty acid synthetase apoenzyme 4'-phosphopantetheine, acyl carrier protein synthetase (ACPS), PPTase, acyl carrier protein synthase, P-pant transferase, and CoA:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] pantetheinephosphotransferase.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Structural studies
As of late 2007, 8 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1F7L, 1F7T, 1F80, 1FTE, 1FTF, 1FTH, 2JBZ, and 2JCA.
References
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Further reading
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