7-Hydroxymitragynine

Template:Short description Template:Cs1 config Template:Drugbox 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH-MIT, often simply sold as 7-OH) is a terpenoid indole alkaloid present in the plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. It was first described in 1994. In humans, it is produced as an active metabolite of mitragynine via hepatic oxidation. 7-OH-MIT exhibits greater binding affinity to μ-opioid receptors (MOR) than mitragynine.

Pharmacology

7-OH-MIT, like mitragynine, appears to be a mixed opioid receptor agonist/antagonist, with recent research indicating that it acts as a partial agonist at μ-opioid receptors and as a competitive antagonist at δ- and κ-opioid receptors. Both 7-OH-MIT and mitragynine do not appear to activate the β-arrestin pathway, distinguishing it from traditional opiate and opioid chemicals.

A study has found the binding affinity of 7-OH-MIT to be μ-opioid receptor (MOR) 37 (± 4) nM and δ-opioid receptor (DOR) 91 (± 8) nM and κ-opioid receptor (KOR) 132 (± 7) nM.

Another study found the binding affinity of 7-OH-MIT to be MOR 16 (± 1) nM and DOR 137 (± 21) nM and KOR 133 (± 37) nM.

Another study found the binding affinity of 7-OH-MIT to be MOR 13.5nM and DOR 155nM and KOR 123nM

Synthesis

In natural kratom leaves, 7-hydroxymitragynine is only present in small amounts from 0.6%–0.7% on average.Template:Needs source Therefore, extracting 7-OH-MIT in high concentrations directly from natural kratom leaves is not practical. Instead, 7-hydroxymitragynine can be produced semisynthetically via the oxidation of mitragynine.

References

Template:Opioid receptor modulators