Dihydrouridine
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| Template:Longitem | C9H14N2O6 |
| Molar mass | 246.217 g/mol |
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Dihydrouridine (abbreviated as D,[1]Template:Rp hU,[1]Template:Rp DHU, or UH2) is a pyrimidine nucleoside which is the result of adding two hydrogen atoms to a uridine, making it a fully saturated pyrimidine ring with no remaining double bonds. D is found in tRNA and rRNA molecules as a nucleoside; the corresponding nucleobase is 5,6-dihydrouracil.
Because it is non-planar, D disturbs the stacking interactions in helices and destabilizes the RNA structure. D also stabilizes the C2′-endo sugar conformation, which is more flexible than the C3′-endo conformation; this effect is propagated to the 5′-neighboring residue. Thus, while pseudouridine and 2′-O-methylations stabilize the local RNA structure, D does the opposite.[2]
The tRNAs of organisms that grow at low temperatures (psychrophiles) have high 5,6-dihydrouridine levels (40-70% more on average) which provides the necessary local flexibility of the tRNA at or below the freezing point.[3]
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