4 × 100 metres relay

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Template:EngvarB Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Protection banner". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox athletics event The 4 × 100 metres relay or sprint relay is an athletics track event run in lanes over one lap of the track with four runners completing 100 metres each. The first runners must begin in the same stagger as for the individual 400 m race. Each runner carries a relay baton. Before 2018, the baton had to be passed within a 20 m changeover box, preceded by a 10-metre acceleration zone. With a rule change effective November 1, 2017, that zone was modified to include the acceleration zone as part of the passing zone, making the entire zone 30 metres in length. The outgoing runner cannot touch the baton until it has entered the zone, and the incoming runner cannot touch it after it has left the zone. The zone is usually marked in yellow, frequently using lines, triangles or chevrons. While the rule book specifies the exact positioning of the marks, the colours and style are only "recommended". While most legacy tracks will still have the older markings, the rule change still uses existing marks.[1] Not all governing body jurisdictions have adopted the rule change.

The transfer of the baton in this race is typically blind. The outgoing runner reaches a straight arm backwards when entering the changeover box or when the incoming runner makes a verbal signal. The outgoing runner does not look back, and it is the responsibility of the incoming runner to thrust the baton into the outstretched hand and not let go until the outgoing runner takes hold of it without crossing the changeover box and stops after the baton is exchanged.[2][3] Runners on the first and third legs typically run on the inside of the lane with the baton in their right hand, while runners on the second and fourth legs take the baton in their left. Polished handovers can compensate for lack of basic speed to some extent, and disqualification for dropping the baton or failing to transfer it within the box is common, even at the highest level.[4] Relay times are typically 2–3 seconds faster than the sum of best times of individual runners.

The United States men and women historically dominated this event through the 20th century, winning Olympic gold medals and the most IAAF/World Athletics championships. Carl Lewis ran the anchor leg on U.S. relay teams that set six world records from 1983 to 1992, including the first team to break 38 seconds.

The current men's world record stands at 36.84, set by the Jamaican team at the final of the 2012 London Olympic Games on 11 August 2012. As the only team to break 37 seconds to date, Jamaica has been the dominant team in the sport, winning two consecutive Olympic Gold Medals and four consecutive World Championships. The Jamaican team also set the previous record of 37.04 seconds at the 2011 World Championships.

The fastest electronically timed anchor leg run is 8.65 seconds by Usain Bolt at the 2015 IAAF World Relays,[5] while Bob Hayes was hand-timed as running 8.7 seconds on a cinder track in the 1964 Tokyo Games Final. The Tokyo Games also had electronic timing. High-speed modern video analysis shows his time to be a more realistic 8.95-9.0 seconds in the final, a much more consistent time relative to his Fully Automatic Timing 10.06s 100m world record and more in line with the usual +0.25s-0.3s hand time to FAT conversion.[6]

The women's world record stands at 40.82 seconds, set by the United States in 2012 at the London Olympics. The fastest anchor leg run by a woman was run by Christine Arron of France, timed unofficially at 9.67s.[7]

According to the IAAF rules, world records in relays can only be set if all team members have the same nationality.

History

From the beginnings to the first official world record

If on the European continent the metric system is the one almost exclusively used (4 × 100 metres, or a lap of 400 m), where the imperial system is still used (UK, USA and Australia, mainlyScript error: No such module "Unsubst".) this relay was rather ran over the distance of 4 × 110 yards, a total of 402.34 m, and that, until the late 1960s. The runway at Hayward Field was shortened to 400 m only in 1987.

Paradoxically, the first race recognized as certain, without however being an official world record, dates back to 1897, shortly after the creation, on 8 May, of the Česká amatérská atletická unie (ČAAU). On June 26 of that year, during Sparta's 5th match in Prague, the organizing team, AC Sparta Praha, defeated MAC Budapest, in 48 1/5 seconds.

Unlike the "long" 4 × 400 m relay, whose origins are clearly American, because it derives from the 4 × 440 yards, the 4 × 100 m relay is therefore of European origin. The Scandinavians, in particular, have introduced this new specialty into their programmes, in the hope of being able to play a decisive role in it.

Before World War I, this foundation period of the relay was gradually enhanced by various German or Swedish teams (such as AIK Stockholm), until the semi-finals of the Stockholm Olympic Games (1912) where this event made its Olympic appearance:

These two runs have not been recognized by the IAAF as the first world records, despite their official nature. The first officially recognized world record for the fast relay is that of the German team, which on 8 July 1912, during the 3rd semifinal, runs in 42 seconds 3 tenths. The team consisted of Otto Röhr, Max Herrmann, Erwin Kern, and Richard Rau. In the final Great Britain, despite having finished second again, behind the favorites and the new world record holders, still won the gold medal, due to the loss of the German baton. Sweden is second in 42 s 6. The bronze medal is not awarded, because the Americans, still clumsy in passing the baton, were also downgraded. The German record in the semifinal (42"3) will remain the best result of the year. In 1913 it will be recognized by the newly formed IAAF as the first official world record of the specialty.[8]

After this first Olympic event, in addition to the 4 × 400 m relay, the 4 × 100 m relay established itself as a classic Olympic event and will always remain on the programme, first for men, then extended to women. The two relays undergo little transformation over time. However, since 1926, the baton bearer has to remain in the baton transmission area, which is 20 m long. It wasn't until 1963 that the rules were relaxed: a 10 m run-up zone, before this zone, allowed him to better tackle the run-up.

Continental records

  • Updated 16 August 2024.[9]
Area Men Women
Time (s) Athletes Team Time (s) Athletes Team
Africa (records)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 37.57 Bayanda Walaza, Shaun Maswanganyi, Bradley Nkoana, Akani Simbine Template:Flagu 41.90 Murielle Ahouré-Demps, Marie-Josée Ta Lou, Jessika Gbai, Maboundou Koné Template:Flagu
Asia (records)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 37.43 Shuhei Tada, Kirara Shiraishi, Yoshihide Kiryu, Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Template:Flagu 42.23 Li Xuemei, Liu Xiaomei, Li Yali, Xiao Lin Sichuan
(Template:Flagu)
Europe (records)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 37.36 Adam Gemili, Zharnel Hughes, Richard Kilty, Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake Template:Flagu 41.37 Marlies Göhr, Ingrid Auerswald-Lange, Sabine Rieger, Silke Möller Template:Flagu
North, Central America
and Caribbean (records)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		36.84 Template:AthAbbr Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt Template:Flagu 40.82 Template:AthAbbr Tianna Madison, Allyson Felix, Bianca Knight, Carmelita Jeter Template:Flagu
Oceania (records)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 37.87 Lachlan Kennedy, Joshua Azzopardi, Christopher Ius, Calab Law Template:Flagu 42.48 Ella Connolly, Bree Masters, Kristie Edwards, Torrie Lewis Template:Flagu
South America (records)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 37.72 Rodrigo do Nascimento, Vitor Hugo dos Santos, Derick Silva, Paulo André Camilo Template:Flagu 42.29 Evelyn dos Santos, Ana Cláudia Lemos, Franciela Krasucki, Rosângela Santos Template:Flagu

All-time top 10 by country

Key to tables:

  1. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline


X = annulled due to doping violation

Men

Rank Time Team Nation Date Place Ref
1 36.84 Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt Template:Flagu 11 August 2012 London [12]
2
37.04 X Trell Kimmons, Justin Gatlin, Tyson Gay, Ryan Bailey Template:Flagu 11 August 2012 London [13]
37.10 Christian Coleman, Justin Gatlin, Mike Rodgers, Noah Lyles Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [14]
3 37.36 Adam Gemili, Zharnel Hughes, Richard Kilty, Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [14]
4 37.43 Shuhei Tada, Kirara Shiraishi, Yoshihide Kiryu, Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [14]
5 37.48 Aaron Brown, Jerome Blake, Brendon Rodney, Andre De Grasse Template:Flagu 23 July 2022 Eugene [15]
6 37.50 Lorenzo Patta, Marcell Jacobs, Fausto Desalu, Filippo Tortu Template:Flagu 6 August 2021 Tokyo [16]
7 37.57 Bayanda Walaza, Shaun Maswanganyi, Bradley Nkoana, Akani Simbine Template:Flagu 9 August 2024 Saint-Denis [17]
8 37.62 Darrel Brown, Marc Burns, Emmanuel Callander, Richard Thompson Template:Flagu 22 August 2009 Berlin
9 37.72 Rodrigo do Nascimento, Vitor Hugo dos Santos, Derick Silva, Paulo André de Oliveira Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [14]
10 37.79 Su Bingtian, Xu Zhouzheng, Wu Zhiqiang, Xie Zhenye Template:Flagu 4 October 2019 Doha [18]
Tang Xingqiang, Xie Zhenye, Su Bingtian, Wu Zhiqiang Template:Flagu 6 August 2021 Tokyo [19]
Max Morinière, Daniel Sangouma, Jean-Charles Trouabal, Bruno Marie-Rose Template:Flagu 1 September 1990 Split

Women

Rank Time Team Nation Date Place Ref
1 40.82 Tianna Madison, Allyson Felix, Bianca Knight, Carmelita Jeter Template:Flagu 10 August 2012 London
2 41.02 Briana Williams, Elaine Thompson-Herah, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Shericka Jackson Template:Flagu 6 August 2021 Tokyo [22]
3 41.37 Silke Gladisch-Möller, Sabine Rieger-Günther, Ingrid Auerswald-Lange, Marlies Göhr Template:Flagu 6 October 1985 Canberra
4 41.49 Olga Bogoslovskaya, Galina Malchugina, Natalya Voronova, Irina Privalova Template:Flagu 22 August 1993 Stuttgart
5 41.55 Asha Philip, Imani Lansiquot, Dina Asher-Smith, Daryll Neita Template:Flagu 5 August 2021 Tokyo [23]
Dina Asher-Smith, Imani Lansiquot, Amy Hunt, Daryll Neita 20 July 2024 London [24]
6 41.62 Tatjana Pinto, Lisa Mayer, Gina Lückenkemper, Rebekka Haase Template:Flagu[25] 29 July 2016 Mannheim
7 41.78 Patricia Girard, Muriel Hurtis-Houairi, Sylviane Félix, Christine Arron Template:Flagu 30 August 2003 Paris
8 41.90 Murielle Ahouré-Demps, Marie-Josée Ta Lou, Jessika Gbai, Maboundou Koné Template:Flagu 25 August 2023 Budapest [26]
9 41.92 Savatheda Fynes, Chandra Sturrup, Pauline Davis-Thompson, Debbie Ferguson Template:Flagu 29 August 1999 Sevilla
10 42.00 Antonina Pobyubko, Natalya Voronova, Marina Zhirova, Elvira Barbashina Template:Flagu 17 August 1985 Moscow

All-time top 25

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Men

Rank Time Team Nation Date Place Ref
1 36.84 Nesta Carter
Michael Frater
Yohan Blake
Usain Bolt 		Template:Flagu 11 August 2012 London [12]
2 37.04 Nesta Carter
Michael Frater
Yohan Blake
Usain Bolt 		Template:Flagu 4 September 2011 Daegu
37.04 X Trell Kimmons
Justin Gatlin
Tyson Gay
Ryan Bailey 		Template:Flagu 11 August 2012 London [13]
3
37.10 X Nesta Carter
Michael Frater
Usain Bolt
Asafa Powell 		Template:Flagu 22 August 2008 Beijing [28]
37.10 Christian Coleman
Justin Gatlin
Michael Rodgers
Noah Lyles 		Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [14]
4 37.27 Asafa Powell
Yohan Blake
Nickel Ashmeade
Usain Bolt 		Template:Flagu 19 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro
5 37.31 Steve Mullings
Michael Frater
Usain Bolt
Asafa Powell 		Template:Flagu 22 August 2009 Berlin
6 37.36 Nesta Carter
Kemar Bailey-Cole
Nickel Ashmeade
Usain Bolt 		Template:Flagu 18 August 2013 Moscow
37.36 Nesta Carter
Asafa Powell
Nickel Ashmeade
Usain Bolt 		Template:Flagu 29 August 2015 Beijing
37.36 Adam Gemili
Zharnel Hughes
Richard Kilty
Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake 		Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [14]
9
37.38 X Jeff Demps
Darvis Patton
Trell Kimmons
Justin Gatlin 		Template:Flagu 10 August 2012 London [29]
37.38 Mike Rodgers
Justin Gatlin
Tyson Gay
Ryan Bailey 		Template:Flagu 2 May 2015 Nassau
Christian Coleman
Fred Kerley
Brandon Carnes
Noah Lyles 		Template:Flagu 26 August 2023 Budapest [30]
11 37.39 Nesta Carter
Michael Frater
Yohan Blake
Kemar Bailey-Cole 		Template:Flagu 10 August 2012 London
12 37.40 Michael Marsh
Leroy Burrell
Dennis Mitchell
Carl Lewis 		Template:Flagu 8 August 1992 Barcelona
Jon Drummond
Andre Cason
Dennis Mitchell
Leroy Burrell 		Template:Flagu 21 August 1993 Stuttgart
Courtney Lindsey
Kenneth Bednarek
Kyree King
Noah Lyles 		Template:Flagu 5 May 2024 Nassau [31]
15 37.41 Nesta Carter
Asafa Powell
Rasheed Dwyer
Nickel Ashmeade 		Template:Flagu 29 August 2015 Beijing
16 37.43 Shuhei Tada
Kirara Shiraishi
Yoshihide Kiryu
Abdul Hakim Sani Brown 		Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [14]
17 37.45 Trell Kimmons
Wallace Spearmon
Tyson Gay
Mike Rodgers 		Template:Flagu 19 August 2010 Zürich
18 37.46 Daniel Bailey
Yohan Blake
Mario Forsythe
Usain Bolt 		Template:Flagu
Template:Flagu
Template:Flagu
Template:Flagu 		25 July 2009 London
19 37.47 Chijindu Ujah
Adam Gemili
Danny Talbot
Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake 		Template:Flagu 12 August 2017 London [32]
20 37.48 Jon Drummond
Andre Cason
Dennis Mitchell
Leroy Burrell 		Template:Flagu 22 August 1993 Stuttgart
Aaron Brown
Jerome Blake
Brendon Rodney
Andre De Grasse 		Template:Flagu 23 July 2022 Eugene [33]
22 37.49 Courtney Lindsey
Kenneth Bednarek
Kyree King
Noah Lyles 		Template:Flagu 4 May 2024 Nassau [34]
23 37.50 Andre Cason
Leroy Burrell
Dennis Mitchell
Carl Lewis 		Template:Flagu 1 September 1991 Tokyo
Lorenzo Patta
Marcell Jacobs
Eseosa Desalu
Filippo Tortu 		Template:Flagu 6 August 2021 Tokyo [35]
Aaron Brown
Jerome Blake
Brendon Rodney
Andre De Grasse 		Template:Flagu 9 August 2024 Paris [36]

Note:

  • A USA team ran 37.04 in London in 2012 but the performance was annulled due to use of performance-enhancing drugs by Tyson Gay
  • A Jamaican team ran 37.10 in Beijing in 2008 but the performance was annulled due to use of performance-enhancing drugs by Nesta Carter
  • A USA team ran 37.38 in the heats in London in 2012 but the performance was retrospectively disqualified following drug test failure by Tyson Gay, even though Gay only ran in the final and not the heat.

Women

Rank Time Team Nationality Date Place Ref
1 40.82 Tianna Bartoletta
Allyson Felix
Bianca Knight
Carmelita Jeter 		Template:Flagu 10 August 2012 London
2 41.01 Tianna Bartoletta
Allyson Felix
English Gardner
Tori Bowie 		Template:Flagu 19 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro
3 41.02 Briana Williams
Elaine Thompson-Herah
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
Shericka Jackson 		Template:Flagu 6 August 2021 Tokyo [38]
4 41.03 Tamari Davis
Twanisha Terry
Gabrielle Thomas
Sha'Carri Richardson 		Template:Flagu 26 August 2023 Budapest [30]
5 41.07 Veronica Campbell-Brown
Natasha Morrison
Elaine Thompson
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce 		Template:Flagu 29 August 2015 Beijing
6 41.14 Melissa Jefferson
Abby Steiner
Jenna Prandini
Twanisha Terry 		Template:Flagu 23 July 2022 Eugene [39]
7 41.18 Kemba Nelson
Elaine Thompson-Herah
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
Shericka Jackson 		Template:Flagu 23 July 2022 Eugene [40]
8 41.21 Natasha Morrison
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
Shashalee Forbes
Shericka Jackson 		Template:Flagu 26 August 2023 Budapest [30]
9 41.29 Carrie Russell
Kerron Stewart
Schillonie Calvert
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce 		Template:Flagu 18 August 2013 Moscow
10 41.36 Christania Williams
Elaine Thompson
Veronica Campbell-Brown
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce 		Template:Flagu 19 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro
11 41.37 Silke Gladisch-Möller
Sabine Rieger-Günther
Ingrid Auerswald-Lange
Marlies Göhr 		Template:Flagu 6 October 1985 Canberra
12 41.41 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
Sherone Simpson
Veronica Campbell-Brown
Kerron Stewart 		Template:Flagu 10 August 2012 London
13 41.44 Natalliah Whyte
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
Jonielle Smith
Shericka Jackson 		Template:Flagu 5 October 2019 Doha [41]
14 41.45 Javianne Oliver
Teahna Daniels
Jenna Prandini
Gabrielle Thomas 		Template:Flagu 6 August 2021 Tokyo [42]
15 41.47 Chryste Gaines
Marion Jones
Inger Miller
Gail Devers 		Template:Flagu 9 August 1997 Athens
16 41.49 Olga Bogoslovskaya
Galina Malchugina
Natalya Pomoshchnikova-Voronova
Irina Privalova 		Template:Flagu 22 August 1993 Stuttgart
Michelle Finn-Burrell
Gwen Torrence
Wendy Vereen
Gail Devers 		Template:Flagu 22 August 1993 Stuttgart
18 41.52 Chryste Gaines
Marion Jones
Inger Miller
Gail Devers 		Template:Flagu 8 August 1997 Athens
19 41.53 Silke Gladisch-Möller
Marita Koch
Ingrid Auerswald-Lange
Marlies Göhr 		Template:Flagu 31 July 1983 Berlin
20 41.55 Alice Brown
Diane Williams
Florence Griffith-Joyner
Pam Marshall 		Template:Flagu 21 August 1987 Berlin
Asha Philip
Imani Lansiquot
Dina Asher-Smith
Daryll Neita 		Template:Flagu 5 August 2021 Tokyo [43]
Texas Longhorns
Julien Alfred
Ezinne Abba
Rhasidat Adeleke
Kevona Davis
Template:Flagu
Template:Flagu
Template:Flagu
Template:Flagu 		8 June 2023 Austin [44]
Dina Asher-Smith
Imani Lansiquot
Amy Hunt
Daryll Neita 		Template:Flagu 20 July 2024 London [45]
24 41.56 Bianca Knight
Allyson Felix
Marshevet Myers
Carmelita Jeter 		Template:Flagu 4 September 2011 Daegu
Melissa Jefferson
Aleia Hobbs
Jenna Prandini
Twanisha Terry 		Template:Flagu 22 July 2022 Eugene [46]

Olympic Games medalists

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Men

Template:Olympic medalists in men's 4x100 metres relay

Women

Template:Olympic medalists in women's 4x100 metres relay

World Championships medalists

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

Men

Template:World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's 4 × 100 metres relay

Women

Template:World Championships in Athletics medalists in women's 4 × 100 metres relay

Season's Bests

Men

Year Time Team Athletes Place Event Ref
2024 37.40 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Courtney Lindsey, Kenneth Bednarek, Kyree King, Noah Lyles The BahamasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nassau 2024 World Athletics Relays
2023 37.38 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Christian Coleman, Fred Kerley, Brandon Carnes, Noah Lyles HungaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Budapest 2023 World Athletics Championships
2022 37.48 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Aaron Brown, Jerome Blake, Brendon Rodney, Andre De Grasse United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Eugene 2022 World Athletics Championships
2021 37.50 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Lorenzo Patta, Marcell Jacobs, Fausto Desalu, Filippo Tortu JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics
2020 38.56 JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sprintec Lions Andrew Fisher, Everton Clarke, Romario Williams, Demish Gaye JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Spanish Town 2020 Milo Western Relays [47]
2019 37.10 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Christian Coleman, Justin Gatlin, Mike Rodgers, Noah Lyles QatarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Doha 2019 World Athletics Championships
2018 37.61 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain Chijindu Ujah, Zharnel Hughes, Adam Gemili, Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". London 2018 London Müller Anniversary Games [48]
2017 37.47 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain Chijindu Ujah, Adam Gemili, Danny Talbot, Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". London 2017 IAAF World Championships
2016 37.27 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Asafa Powell, Yohan Blake, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt BrazilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics
2015 37.36 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Nesta Carter, Asafa Powell, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt ChinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Beijing 2015 IAAF World Championships
2014 37.58 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Jason Livermore, Kemar Bailey-Cole, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt ScotlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games
2013 37.36 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Nesta Carter, Kemar Bailey-Cole, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt RussiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Moscow 2013 IAAF World Championships
2012 36.84 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". London 2012 Summer Olympics
2011 37.04 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt Template:Country data ROKScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Daegu 2011 IAAF World Championships
2010 37.45 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Trell Kimmons, Wallace Spearmon, Tyson Gay, Mike Rodgers SwitzerlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Zurich 2010 Weltklasse Zürich [49]
2009 37.31 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Steve Mullings, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Berlin 2009 IAAF World Championships
2008 37.80 United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". United States Red Rodney Martin, Travis Padgett, Shawn Crawford, Darvis Patton EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". London 2008 London Grand Prix [50]
2007 37.78 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Darvis Patton, Wallace Spearmon, Tyson Gay, Leroy Dixon JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Osaka 2007 IAAF World Championships
2006 37.59 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Kaaron Conwright, Wallace Spearmon, Tyson Gay, Jason Smoots GreeceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Athens 2006 IAAF World Cup
2005 38.08 File:Flag of France.svg France Ladji Doucouré, Ronald Pognon, Eddy De Lépine, Lueyi Dovy FinlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Helsinki 2005 IAAF World Championships
2004 37.92 United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". United States I Shawn Crawford, Justin Gatlin, Coby Miller, Maurice Greene GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Munich Athletics Team Challenge [51]
2003 37.77 United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". United States I Jon Drummond, Bernard Williams, Darvis Patton, Maurice Greene GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Berlin 2003 ISTAF Berlin [52]
2002 37.95 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Jon Drummond, Jason Smoots, Kaaron Conwright, Coby Miller SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Madrid 2002 IAAF World Cup
2001 37.88 United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Hudson Smith International Jon Drummond, Bernard Williams, Curtis Johnson, Maurice Greene United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Austin 2001 Texas Relays [53]
2000 37.61 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Jon Drummond, Bernard Williams, Brian Lewis, Maurice Greene AustraliaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics
1999 37.59 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Jon Drummond, Tim Montgomery, Bernard Williams, Maurice Greene SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Seville 1999 IAAF World Championships
1998 38.04 Texas Christian University United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Bryan Howard, United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Jarmiene Holloway, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Syan Williams, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Percival Spencer United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Buffalo 1998 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
1997 37.86 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey GreeceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Athens 1997 IAAF World Championships
1996 37.69 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics
1995 38.16 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey SwedenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Gothenburg 1995 IAAF World Championships (Semifinal)
1994 37.79 United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Santa Monica Track Club Michael Marsh, Leroy Burrell, Floyd Heard, Carl Lewis United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Walnut 1994 Mt. SAC Relays [54]
1993 37.40 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Jon Drummond, Andre Cason, Dennis Mitchell, Leroy Burrell GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Stuttgart 1993 IAAF World Championships
1992 37.40 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Michael Marsh, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell, Carl Lewis SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics
1991 37.50 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Andre Cason, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell, Carl Lewis JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Tokyo 1991 IAAF World Championships
1990 37.79 File:Flag of France.svg France Max Morinière, Daniel Sangouma, Jean-Charles Trouabal, Bruno Marie-Rose Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Split 1990 European Athletics Championships
1989 38.23 Template:AthAbbr Texas Christian University United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Horatio Porter, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Andrew Smith, United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Greg Sholars, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Raymond Stewart United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Provo 1989 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships [55]
1988 38.19 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Viktor Bryzhin, Vladimir Krylov, Vladimir Muravyov, Vitaliy Savin Template:Country data ROKScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics
1987 37.90 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Lee McRae, Lee McNeill, Harvey Glance, Carl Lewis ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rome 1987 IAAF World Championships
1986 37.98 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Lee McRae, Floyd Heard, Harvey Glance, Carl Lewis Soviet UnionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Moscow 1986 Goodwill Games
1985 38.10 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Harvey Glance, Kirk Baptiste, Calvin Smith, Dwayne Evans AustraliaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Canberra 1985 IAAF World Cup
1984 37.83 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Sam Graddy, Ron Brown, Calvin Smith, Carl Lewis United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics
1983 37.86 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Emmit King, Willie Gault, Calvin Smith, Carl Lewis FinlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Helsinki 1983 IAAF World Championships
1982 38.13 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Mel Lattany, Stanley Floyd, Calvin Smith, Carl Lewis SwitzerlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Zurich 1982 Weltklasse Zürich [56]
1981 38.66 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Krzysztof Zwoliński, Zenon Licznerski, Leszek Dunecki, Marian Woronin Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Zagreb 1981 European Cup
1980 38.26 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Vladimir Muravyov, Nikolay Sidorov, Andrey Prokofyev, Aleksandr Aksinin Soviet UnionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics
1979 38.30 Template:AthAbbr United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". South Team Mike Roberson, Harvey Glance, Bill Collins, Mel Lattany United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Colorado Springs 1979 U.S. Olympic Festival [57]
1978 38.55 Tobias Striders PanamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Guy Abrahams, United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Michael Simmons, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Don Quarrie, GuyanaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". James Gilkes United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Tempe 1978 Sun Devil Classic [58]
1977 38.03 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Bill Collins, Steve Riddick, Cliff Wiley, Steve Williams West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Düsseldorf 1977 IAAF World Cup
1976 38.33 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Harvey Glance, Johnny Jones, Millard Hampton, Steve Riddick CanadaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics
1975 38.31 Template:AthAbbr File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Clancy Edwards, Larry Brown, Donald Merrick, Bill Collins MexicoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico City 1975 Pan American Games
1974 38.69 File:Flag of France.svg France Lucien Sainte-Rose, Joseph Arame, Bruno Cherrier, Dominique Chauvelot ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rome 1974 European Athletics Championships
1973 38.8 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Eberhard Weise, Michael Droese, Hans-Jürgen Bombach, Siegfried Schenke East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". East Berlin [59]
1972 38.19 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Larry Black, Robert Taylor, Gerald Tinker, Eddie Hart West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Munich 1972 Summer Olympics

Women

Year Time Team Athletes Place Event Ref
2024 41.55 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain Dina Asher-Smith, Imani Lansiquot, Amy Hunt, Daryll Neita EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". London 2024 London Athletics Meet [60]
2023 41.03 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Tamari Davis, Twanisha Terry, Gabrielle Thomas, Sha'Carri Richardson HungaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Budapest 2023 World Athletics Championships
2022 41.14 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Melissa Jefferson, Abby Steiner, Jenna Prandini, Twanisha Terry United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Eugene 2022 World Athletics Championships
2021 41.02 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Briana Williams, Elaine Thompson-Herah, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Shericka Jackson JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics
2020 43.47 JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sprintec Shashalee Forbes, Natasha Morrison, Anastasia Natalie Le-Roy, Ronda Whyte JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kingston 2020 Gibson McCook Relays [61]
2019 41.44 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Natalliah Whyte, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Jonielle Smith, Shericka Jackson QatarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Doha 2019 World Athletics Championships
2018 41.88 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain Asha Philip, Bianca Williams, Imani-Lara Lansiquot, Dina Asher-Smith GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Berlin 2018 European Athletics Championships
2017 41.82 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Aaliyah Brown, Allyson Felix, Morolake Akinosun, Tori Bowie EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". London 2017 IAAF World Championships
2016 41.01 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Tianna Bartoletta, Allyson Felix, English Gardner, Tori Bowie BrazilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics
2015 41.07 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Veronica Campbell-Brown, Natasha Morrison, Elaine Thompson, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce ChinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Beijing 2015 IAAF World Championships
2014 41.83 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Kerron Stewart, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Schillonie Calvert, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce ScotlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games
2013 41.29 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Carrie Russell, Kerron Stewart, Schillonie Calvert, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce RussiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Moscow 2013 IAAF World Championships
2012 40.82 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Tianna Bartoletta, Allyson Felix, Bianca Knight, Carmelita Jeter EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". London 2012 Summer Olympics
2011 41.56 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Bianca Knight, Allyson Felix, Marshevet Myers, Carmelita Jeter Template:Country data ROKScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Daegu 2011 IAAF World Championships
2010 42.29 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Olesya Povh, Nataliya Pohrebnyak, Mariya Ryemyen, Yelizaveta Bryzgina SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Barcelona 2010 European Athletics Championships
2009 41.58 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Lauryn Williams, Allyson Felix, Muna Lee, Carmelita Jeter GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Cottbus 2009 International Lausitzer Leichtathletik Meeting [62]
2008 42.24 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Shelly-Ann Fraser, Sheri-Ann Brooks, Aleen Bailey, Veronica Campbell-Brown ChinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics (Heat 2)
2007 41.98 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Lauryn Williams, Allyson Felix, Mikele Barber, Torri Edwards JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Osaka 2007 IAAF World Championships
2006 42.26 Americas JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Aleen Bailey, The BahamasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Debbie Ferguson, Cayman IslandsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Cydonie Mothersille, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sherone Simpson GreeceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Athens 2006 IAAF World Cup
2005 41.78 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Angela Daigle, Muna Lee, Me'Lisa Barber, Lauryn Williams FinlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Helsinki 2005 IAAF World Championships
2004 41.73 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Tayna Lawrence, Sherone Simpson, Aleen Bailey, Veronica Campbell GreeceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Athens 2004 Summer Olympics
2003 41.78 File:Flag of France.svg France Patricia Girard-Léno, Muriel Hurtis, Sylviane Félix, Christine Arron FranceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Paris 2003 IAAF World Championships
2002 41.91 Americas JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Tayna Lawrence, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Juliet Campbell, JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Beverly McDonald, The BahamasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Debbie Ferguson SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Madrid 2002 IAAF World Cup
2001 42.32 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Melanie Paschke, Gabi Rockmeier, Birgit Rockmeier, Marion Wagner CanadaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Edmonton 2001 IAAF World Championships
2000 41.95 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Sevatheda Fynes, Chandra Sturrup, Pauline Davis-Thompson, Debbie Ferguson AustraliaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics
1999 41.92 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Sevatheda Fynes, Chandra Sturrup, Pauline Davis-Thompson, Debbie Ferguson SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Seville 1999 IAAF World Championships
1998 42.00 Template:AthAbbr File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Cheryl Taplin, Chryste Gaines, Inger Miller, Carlette Guidry-White South AfricaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Johannesburg 1998 IAAF World Cup
1997 41.47 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Chryste Gaines, Marion Jones, Inger Miller, Gail Devers GreeceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Athens 1997 IAAF World Championships
1996 41.95 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Chryste Gaines, Gail Devers, Inger Miller, Gwen Torrence United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics
1995 42.12 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Celena Mondie-Milner, Carlette Guidry-White, Chryste Gaines, Gwen Torrence SwedenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Gothenburg 1995 IAAF World Championships
1994 42.45 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Chryste Gaines, Carlette Guidry, Cheryl Taplin, Dannette Young United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Durham 1994 Pan Africa-USA International [63]
1993 41.49 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Olga Bogoslovskaya, Galina Malchugina, Natalya Voronova, Irina Privalova GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Stuttgart 1993 IAAF World Championships
1992 42.11 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Evelyn Ashford, Esther Jones, Carlette Guidry, Gwen Torrence SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics
1991 41.91 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Grit Breuer, Katrin Krabbe, Sabine Richter, Heike Drechsler JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Tokyo 1991 IAAF World Championships (Heat 2)
1990 41.68 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Silke Möller, Katrin Krabbe, Kerstin Behrendt, Sabine Günther Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Split 1990 European Athletics Championships
1989 41.68 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Silke Möller, Katrin Krabbe, Kerstin Behrendt, Sabine Günther EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Gateshead 1989 European Cup
1988 41.73 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Silke Möller, Kerstin Behrendt, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". East Berlin
1987 41.55 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Alice Brown, Diane Williams, Florence Griffith-Joyner, Pam Marshall West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". West Berlin 1987 ISTAF Berlin [64]
1986 41.84 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Silke Gladisch, Sabine Rieger, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Stuttgart 1986 European Athletics Championships
1985 41.37 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Silke Gladisch, Sabine Rieger, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr AustraliaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Canberra 1985 IAAF World Cup
1984 41.65 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Alice Brown, Jeanette Bolden, Chandra Cheeseborough, Evelyn Ashford United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics
1983 41.53 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Silke Gladisch, Marita Koch, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". East Berlin [65]
1982 41.97 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Gesine Walther, Bärbel Wöckel, Bärbel Schölzel, Marlies Göhr East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Potsdam
1981 42.22 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Kirsten Siemon, Bärbel Wöckel, Gesine Walther, Marlies Göhr ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rome 1981 IAAF World Cup
1980 41.60 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Romy Müller, Bärbel Wöckel, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr Soviet UnionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics
1979 42.09 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Romy Müller, Bärbel Wöckel, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Turin 1979 European Cup
1978 42.27 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Johanna Klier, Monika Hamann, Carla Bodendorf, Marlies Göhr East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Potsdam
1977 42.51 File:Flag of Europe.svg Europe West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Elvira Possekel, United KingdomScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Andrea Lynch, West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Annegret Richter, United KingdomScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sonia Lannaman West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Düsseldorf 1977 IAAF World Cup
1976 42.50 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Marlies Oelsner, Renate Stecher, Carla Bodendorf, Martina Blos East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Karl-Marx-Stadt [66]
1975 42.74 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Doris Maletzki, Monika Hamann, Sybille Priebsch, Renate Stecher Template:Country data PRBScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sofia 1975 European Cup (Semifinal)
1974 42.51 File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Doris Maletzki, Renate Stecher, Christina Heinich, Bärbel Eckert ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rome 1974 European Athletics Championships
1973 42.6 Template:AthAbbr File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Petra Kandarr, Renate Stecher, Christina Heinich, Doris Selmigkeit East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Potsdam [67]
1972 42.81 File:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany Christiane Krause, Ingrid Mickler-Becker, Annegret Richter, Heide Rosendahl West GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Munich 1972 Summer Olympics

See also

Notes and references

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ La Fabuleuse Histoire de l'athlétisme, Robert Parienté, éditions O.D.I.L., Paris 1978, p. 1006.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Germany is considered the same state as the former 'West Germany', with the official title Federal Republic of Germany. Germany did not inherit the results of the former 'East Germany' or 'German Democratic Republic' on unification.
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Portal bar

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