2A36 Giatsint-B

The 2A36 Giatsint-B (Template:Langx; "Hyacinth") is a Soviet towed field gun which entered service in 1976, replacing the M-46 field gun.

The 2A36 has the longest range of any Soviet or Russian 152 mm caliber artillery fielded since the mid-20th century, with a range of with rocket-assisted projectiles (RAP), while its only outranged by the 2S7 Pion with RAP rounds.

While some guns were exported to Iraq, Finland, and Lebanon, most are in service with the former Soviet republics, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, and Ukraine and used in local conflicts.

Development

Development of the 2A36 started in December 1968 at the Perm Machine Works following a requirement from the Soviet Army for a weapon to replace the aging M-46 field gun. A towed and a self-propelled version (2S5 Giatsint-S) were developed.Template:Sfn

In early 1971 two prototypes of the 2A36 were built, with mass production starting in 1976, and in that same year Western intelligence designated the towed gun as the 152 mm gun M1976 until its correct Russian designation became known. It was first seen in public during a parade held in Moscow in May 1985.Template:Sfn

Design

According to Janes, the Giatsint-B primary role is counter-battery fire,Template:Sfn while a Ukrainian source states that the gun is also designed to suppress and destroy enemy troops and equipment concentrated or on the move, as well demolishing strongholds.

The 2A36 152 mm 49 caliber barrel is fitted with a multislotted muzzle brake weighing , while the recoil system features a buffer and a recuperator.Template:Sfn The breech is a semi-automatic horizontal sliding-block,Template:Sfn and a hydropneumatic loading assist system is also provided (which uses the energy from the recoil) with a chain-driven rammer for the projectile and the cased propellant charge. The 2A36 can be manually loaded in case of failure of the hydraulic rammer, but at the expense of a lower firing rate. According to Russia, the Giatsint-B can fire 6 shells per minute and that a battery can deliver almost one tonne of ammunition against a target in one minute.Template:Sfn

The gun is mounted on a conventional split trail carriage with a gun shield to provide the crew protection against shrapnel and shell fragments. The walking beam suspension gives the 2A36 improved off-road mobility and has a total of four rubber-tyred braked roadwheels. The gun is normally towed by a KrAZ-260 6×6 truck, but it can also be towed by the KrAZ-255B, Ural 4320 6×6 trucks,Template:Sfn or tracked artillery tractors such as the AT-T, ATS-59, and the Template:Ill. The KrAZ-260 can tow the gun at a maximum speed of on-road, while the maximum speed is reduced to off-road.Template:Sfn

The 2A36 can fire a variety of separate-loading ammunition including high-explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) with a maximum range of , armour-piercing tracer (AP-T) for direct fire against tanks and other armoured vehicles, and rocket-assisted projectiles (RAP) rounds with a maximum range of . Other types of munitions the 2A36 can fire include smoke, concrete-piercing, and incendiary shells.Template:Sfn According to the United States Marine Corps Intelligence, the 2A36 can also fire chemical, nuclear, and laser-guided Krasnopol shells.Template:Sfn During tests, the gun successfully fired under temperatures ranging from .

The ammunition used by the Giatsint-B is of a newer design and not interoperable with earlier 152 mm artillery systems including the 2S3 Akatsiya. While the 2A36 Giatsint-B and 2S5 Giatsint-S have identical ballistics, they use different types of shells.Template:Sfn

Operational history

The 2A36 was exported to Finland (locally designated as the 152 K-89) and Iraq. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, at least six guns were exported to Lebanon in 1982. During the early 1990s, Russia offered it for export at around US$ 500,000−600,000 per system in an attempt of obtaning foreign currency and keep some production lines open,Template:Sfn but according to United Nations reports, there was no known exports of this weapon between 1992 and 2009.Template:Sfn

Most Iraqi guns were destroyed or captured during the Gulf War in 1991.Template:Sfn It was also used during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020. According to the OSINT website Oryx, the Armenians lost at least 15 guns, most of them were destroyed by Bayraktar TB2 drones.

Although Russian forces largely made use of self-propelled artillery during the War in Donbas, they also made use of the towed Giatsint-B.Template:Sfn Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Ukrainian forces have also used the Giatsint-B and the Finnish-supplied 152 K-89 as well. As of December 2024, Russia lost at least 53 guns while Ukraine lost 16, according to video and photographic evidence analyzed by Oryx.

Operators

File:2A36 operators.png

A map of 2A36 operators in blue with former operators in red

File:2a36.jpg

An Armenian 2A36 in Yerevan

Current

• Armenia − 26Template:Sfn
• Azerbaijan − 49Template:Sfn
• − 24 designated as the 152 K-89.Template:Sfn Unknown number of guns donated to Ukraine
• Template:Country data Georgia − 3Template:Sfn
• Moldova − 20Template:Sfn
• − 550 used by the Ground Forces, plus 50 used by the Naval Infantry, unknown number used by the Airborne ForcesTemplate:Sfn
• Turkmenistan − 6Template:Sfn
• Ukraine − 75 used by the Ground Forces, plus an unknown number used by the Naval InfantryTemplate:Sfn
• − 140Template:Sfn

Former

• Template:Country data Artsakh − Seized by Azerbaijan after the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
• − 50Template:Sfn
• Template:Flagicon Iraq − 180
• − 180Template:Sfn
• − 6
• Soviet UnionTemplate:Sfn – Passed on to successor statesTemplate:Sfn

See also

• Template:Annotated link
• Template:Annotated link

External links

• EnemyForces.com 2A36 Giasint-B