354P/LINEAR

354P/LINEAR, provisionally designated P/2010 A2 (LINEAR), is a small main-belt asteroid that was impacted by another asteroid sometime before 2010. It was discovered by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) at Socorro, New Mexico on 6 January 2010. The asteroid possesses a dusty, X-shaped, comet-like debris trail that has remained nearly a decade since impact. This was the first time a small-body collision had been observed; since then, minor planet 596 Scheila has also been seen to undergo a collision, in late 2010. The tail is created by millimeter-sized particles being pushed back by solar radiation pressure.

Discovery

File:P 2010 A2 Orbit.gif

Orbit of P/2010 A2 at the time of its discovery

P/2010 A2 was discovered on 6 January 2010 by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) using a reflecting telescope with a CCD camera. It was LINEAR's 193rd comet discovery. It has been observed over a 112-day arc of the 3.5 year orbit. It appears to have come to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) around the start of December 2009, about a month before it was discovered.

Orbit

With an aphelion (furthest distance from the Sun) of only 2.6 AU, P/2010 A2 spends all of its time inside of the frost line at 2.7 AU. Beyond the frostline volatile ices are generally more common. Early observations did not detect water vapor or other gases. Within less than a month of its discovery it was doubtful that the tail of P/2010 A2 was generated via active outgassing from sublimation of ices hidden beneath the crust. Early modeling indicated that the asteroid became active in late March 2009, reached maximum activity in early June 2009, and eased activity in early December 2009.'

The orbit of P/2010 A2 is consistent with membership in the Flora asteroid family, produced by collisional shattering more than 100 million years ago. The Flora family of asteroids may be the source of the Chicxulub (Cretaceous–Paleogene) impactor, the likely culprit in the extinction of the dinosaurs. One asteroid of the Flora family, Template:Mp, was initially suspected to have collided with P/2010 A2 due to their very similar orbits, but was later deemed a coincidence.

Cause of activity

File:2010A2-2010Jan12-10UT.jpg

354P/LINEAR as seen an 8 min photo with a 24" telescope

Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope and the narrow angle camera on board the Rosetta spacecraft indicate that the dust trail seen was probably created by the impact of a small meter size object on the larger asteroid in February or March 2009, although it cannot be ruled out that the asteroid's rotation increased from solar radiation resulting in a loss of mass that formed a comet-like tail.

P/2010 A2 is likely about in diameter. Even when it was discovered it was suspected of being less than 500 meters in diameter.

Debris field File:P-2010 A2 Tail Implies Powerful Collision.jpg P/2010 A2 is likely the debris left over from a recent collision between two very small asteroids.

Surviving fragment File:Asteroid P-2010 A2.jpg Surviving fragment seen to the lower left of debris field

See also

• 493 Griseldis
• 596 Scheila
• P/2016 G1 (PanSTARRS)

External links

• Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
• Image of Comet P/2010 A2 (Muler 12" Meade LX200)
• Suspected Asteroid Collision Leaves Odd X-Pattern of Trailing Debris (Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 2010 January 29 image)
• Hubblesite Videos (January 29 through May 29)
• NOAO/WIYN: New Camera at WIYN images an Asteroid with a Long Tail (NOAO 13-07 : 3 June 2013)