Mirach

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Mirach
Template:Location mark
Location of Mirach (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation Andromeda
Right ascension Template:RA[1]
Declination Template:DEC[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.067[1] (2.01 to 2.10)[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Asymptotic giant branch[3]
Spectral type M0 III[4][5]
U−B Template:Engvar +1.96[6]
B−V Template:Engvar +1.57[6]
V−R Template:Engvar 0.9[7]
R−I Template:Engvar +1.00[8]
Variable type Semiregular[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)Template:Val[9] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 175.90[10] mas/yr
Dec.: −112.20[10] mas/yr
Parallax (π)16.52±0.56 mas[10]
DistanceTemplate:Rnd ± Template:Rnd ly
(Template:Rnd ± Template:Rnd pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−1.76[11]
Details
Mass2.49[12] Template:Solar mass
Radius86.4[13] Template:Solar radius
Luminosity1,675[13] Template:Solar luminosity
Surface gravity (log g)Template:Val[14] cgs
TemperatureTemplate:Val[14] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]Template:Val[14] dex
Rotation<7900 d (<21.6 years)[5]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)6[5] km/s
Metallicity [Fe/H]{{{metal_fe2}}} dex
Other designations
Template:Odlist[7][15]
Database references
SIMBADdata

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Mirach is a prominent star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is pronounced Template:IPAc-en[16][17] and has the Bayer designation Beta Andromedae, which is Latinized from β Andromedae. This star is positioned northeast of the Great Square of Pegasus and is potentially visible to all observers north of latitude 54° S. It is commonly used by stargazers to find the Andromeda Galaxy. The galaxy NGC 404, also known as Mirach's Ghost, is seven arcminutes away from Mirach.[18]

This star has an apparent visual magnitude of around 2.07,[1] varying between 2.01 and 2.10,[2] which at times makes it the brightest star in the constellation. Based upon parallax measurements, it is roughly Template:Convert from the Solar System.[10] Its apparent magnitude is reduced by 0.06 by extinction due to gas and dust along the line of sight.[9] The star has a negligible radial velocity of 0.1 km/s,[9] but with a relatively large proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of Template:Val·yr−1.[19]

Properties

File:BetaAndLightCurve.png
A light curve for Mirach, plotted from Hipparcos data[20]

Mirach is a single,[21] aging red giant with a stellar classification of M0 III.[4] It is currently on the asymptotic giant branch of its evolution.[3] The star has an estimated 2.49 times the mass of the Sun.[12] Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, the outer envelope of the star has expanded to around 86 times the size of the Sun. It is radiating 1,675 times the luminosity of the Sun[13] at an effective temperature of Template:Val.[14] Mirach is suspected of being a semiregular variable star, with an apparent visual magnitude varies from +2.01 to +2.10.[2] Since 1943 the spectrum of this star has been one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.[22]

Nomenclature

Beta Andromedae is the star's Bayer designation. It had the traditional name of Mirach, and its variations, such as Mirac, Mirar, Mirath, Mirak, etc. (the name is spelled Merach in Burritt's The Geography of the Heavens),[23] which come from the star's description in the Alfonsine Tables of 1521 as super mizar. Here, mirat is a corruption of the Arabic مئزر mīzar "girdle", which appeared in a Latin translation of the Almagest.[15] This word refers to Mirach's position at the left hip of the princess Andromeda.[24] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[25] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[26] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Mirach for this star.

Mirach is listed in the Babylonian MUL.APIN as KA.MUSH.I.KU.E, meaning "the Deleter" (the alternative star is α Cas).[27] Medieval astronomers writing in Arabic called Mirach Janb al-Musalsalah (Template:Langx); it was part of the 28th manzil (Arabian lunar mansion) Baṭn al-Ḥūt, the Belly of the Fish, or Qalb al-Ḥūt, the Heart of the Fish.[15][28] The star has also been called Cingulum and Ventrale.[15] This al-Ḥūt was an indigenous Arabic constellation, not the Western "Northern Fish" part of the constellation Pisces.[28] These names are not from the Arabic marāqq, loins, because it was never called al-Marāqq in Arabian astronomy.[28] Al Rishā', the Cord (of the well-bucket), on al-Sūfī's star map. It is the origin of the proper name Alrescha for Alpha Piscium.[15][29]

In Chinese, Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), meaning Legs, refers to an asterism consisting of Mirach (β Andromedae), η Andromedae, 65 Piscium, ζ Andromedae, ε Andromedae, δ Andromedae, π Andromedae, ν Andromedae, μ Andromedae, σ Piscium, τ Piscium, 91 Piscium, υ Piscium, φ Piscium, χ Piscium and ψ1 Piscium. Consequently, the Chinese name for β Andromedae itself is Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Langx).[30] Mirach was considered the standard "black" star; black could mean "dark red" in this context, especially in comparison to Antares, the standard red star.[31]

The people of Micronesia named this star Kyyw, meaning "The Porpoise", and this was used as one of the names of the months in Micronesia.[32]

Substellar companion

A 2023 study detected radial velocity variations in Mirach (HD 6860), showing evidence of a substellar companion, likely a brown dwarf.[5]

Template:Orbitbox planet begin Template:Orbitbox planet Template:Orbitbox end

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • Davis Jr., G. A., (1971) Pronunciations, Derivations, and Meanings of a Selected List of Star Names, (rep.) Cambridge, Sky Publishing Corp.
  • Kunitzsch, P., (1959) Arabische Sternnamen in Europa
  • Kunitzsch. P., (ed.) (1990) Der Sternkatalog des Almagest, Band II

External links

Template:Sky Template:Stars of Andromeda

  1. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
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  4. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named araa11_29
  5. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lee2023
  6. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named clpl4
  7. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sb0
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  9. ↑ a b c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named aaa430_165
  10. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named aaa474_2_653
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  12. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dehaes_et_al_2011
  13. ↑ a b c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tycho-gaia
  14. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dencs2024
  15. ↑ a b c d e Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named allen
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kunitzsch
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IAU-CSN
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named darling
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lepine2005
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CDS
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Eggleton_Tokovinin_2008
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named baas25_1319
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named TGH
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named encarta
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WGSN
  26. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WGSN1
  27. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named OAC
  28. ↑ a b c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named d-jr
  29. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DMSN
  30. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named aeea
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EASASACA
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