1994 Dutch general election
Template:Short description Template:Infobox legislative election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 3 May 1994.[1] The Labour Party emerged as the largest party, winning 37 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.[2] The election resulted in significant losses for both the Labour Party and the Christian Democratic Appeal. The two liberal parties, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and Democrats 66 made large gains, whilst two pro-elderly parties and the Socialist Party all passed the electoral threshold to win seats.
The formation of a government coalition was arduous but after four months the First Kok cabinet was formed. It was an unprecedented coalition of the two liberal parties and Labour. The CDA was consigned to opposition for the first time in its history. It was also the first government since 1918 not to include a Christian Democratic party.[3]Template:Rp
Background
Before the 1994 general election opinion polls predicted that the Centre Democrats party could win more than five seats in the House of Representatives. However, media reports claiming that some newly elected local members had extremist pasts damaged the Centre Democrats' prospects. A secret recording broadcast on national television one week before the election showed an Amsterdam council member bragging about having set immigrant centers on fire in the early 1980s.[4] In the election that followed, the Centre Democrats won 2.5% of the vote and three seats in the House of Representatives (Janmaat was joined by Wil Schuurman and Cor Zonneveld),[5] well below earlier expectations. Janmaat claimed that the relatively poor result was a result of an anti-CD campaign in the media.[4] Due to its growth, and questions arising amongst the other parties over the development of a multicultural society, political opponents began to confront the Centre Democrats directly rather than maintain a strict cordon sanitaire around it.[6][7]
Results
By province
| Province | PvdA | CDA | VVD | D66 | AOV | GL | CD | RPF | SGP | GPV | SP | U55+ | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | ||
| File:Flag of Drenthe.svg Drenthe | 34.5 | 19.8 | 18.2 | 13.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
| File:Flag of Flevoland.svg Flevoland | 20.1 | 17.6 | 23.6 | 17.0 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 2.4 |
| File:Frisian flag.svg Friesland | 31.6 | 27.5 | 14.2 | 12.5 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.9 |
| File:Flag of Gelderland.svg Gelderland | 23.8 | 24.7 | 18.3 | 15.3 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.7 |
| File:Flag of Groningen.svg Groningen | 34.8 | 17.3 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
| File:Flag of Limburg.svg Limburg | 24.5 | 28.9 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
| File:North Brabant-Flag.svg North Brabant | 21.0 | 27.1 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 2.8 |
| File:Flag of North Holland.svg North Holland | 24.9 | 16.2 | 24.5 | 17.2 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.6 |
| File:Flag of Overijssel.svg Overijssel | 24.2 | 29.6 | 15.4 | 12.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
| File:Flag of Zuid-Holland.svg South Holland | 22.2 | 18.3 | 23.4 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.8 |
| File:Utrecht (province)-Flag.svg Utrecht | 19.1 | 20.6 | 23.2 | 16.9 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| File:Flag of Zeeland.svg Zeeland | 22.4 | 20.9 | 18.8 | 13.5 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 7.9 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 |
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5 largest municipalities
| Municipality | PvdA | CDA | VVD | D66 | AOV | GL | CD | RPF | SGP | GPV | SP | Unie 55+ | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | ||
| Template:Country data Amsterdam | 33.2 (116 425) |
7.9 (27 711) |
18.3 (64 228) |
17.7 (62 194) |
4.2 (14 567) |
8.5 (29 931) |
3.7 (12 893) |
0.4 (1 517) |
0.1 (324) |
0.3 (1 194) |
1.5 (5 386) |
0.9 (3 292) |
3.1 (10 427) |
| Template:Country data Rotterdam | 30.8 (89 516) |
11.6 (33 716) |
18.2 (52 864) |
14.9 (43 224) |
4.5 (13 027) |
4.4 (12 744) |
6.5 (19 016) |
1.0 (2 941) |
1.1 (3 244) |
0.9 (2 737) |
2.2 (6 438) |
1.0 (2 863) |
2.9 (8 242) |
| Template:Country data The Hague | 23.5 (55 918) |
14.2 (33 690) |
26.2 (62 388) |
15.7 (37 318) |
3.6 (8 494) |
4.2 (10 051) |
4.9 (11 732) |
0.9 (2 243) |
0.7 (1 680) |
0.8 (1 837) |
1.5 (3 574) |
1.2 (2 797) |
2.6 (6 207) |
| Template:Flagicon Utrecht | 26.3 (35 357) |
12.9 (17 335) |
15.7 (21 143) |
19.9 (26 683) |
3.4 (4 554) |
10.5 (14 126) |
4.3 (5 714) |
0.8 (1 014) |
0.4 (511) |
0.8 (1 056) |
2.2 (3 009) |
0.8 (1 006) |
2.1 (2 838) |
| Template:Country data Eindhoven | 20.6 (23 413) |
19.9 (22 530) |
16.3 (18 469) |
17.9 (20 309) |
12.4 (14 104) |
4.4 (4 947) |
2.8 (3 126) |
0.6 (638) |
0.2 (201) |
0.6 (645) |
2.1 (2 327) |
0.6 (630) |
1.9 (2 388) |
References
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- ↑ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1396 Template:ISBN
- ↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p1414
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- ↑ a b Mudde, 2003, p. 125.
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- ↑ Lucardie, 1998, p. 121.
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Further reading
- Irwin, Galen A. "The Dutch Parliamentary Election of 1994," Electoral Studies (1995) 14#1 pp. 72–77
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