Solar radius

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Template:Short description

Conversion of nominal solar radius
1 Template:Solar radius = Units
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695,700 kilometres
0.00465047 astronomical unit
432,288 miles
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2.32061 light-seconds

Solar radius is a unit of distance used to express the size of objects in astronomy relative to the Sun. The solar radius is usually defined as the radius to the layer in the Sun's photosphere where the optical depth equals 2/3:[1]

1R⊙=6.957×108 m

Script error: No such module "convert". is approximately 10 times the average radius of Jupiter, 109 times the radius of the Earth, and 1/215 of an astronomical unit, the approximate distance between Earth and the Sun. The solar radius to either pole and that to the equator differ slightly due to the Sun's rotation, which induces an oblateness in the order of 10 parts per million.[2]

Measurements

File:Solar evolution (English).svg
Evolution of the solar luminosity, radius and effective temperature compared to the present-day Sun. After Ribas (2009)[3]

The uncrewed SOHO spacecraft was used to measure the radius of the Sun by timing transits of Mercury across the surface during 2003 and 2006. The result was a measured radius of Script error: No such module "convert"..[4]

Haberreiter, Schmutz & Kosovichev (2008)[1] determined the radius corresponding to the solar photosphere to be Script error: No such module "convert".. This new value is consistent with helioseismic estimates; the same study showed that previous estimates using inflection point methods had been overestimated by approximately Template:Cvt.

Nominal solar radius

In 2015, the International Astronomical Union passed Resolution B3, which defined a set of nominal conversion constants for stellar and planetary astronomy. Resolution B3 defined the nominal solar radius (symbol R⊙N) to be equal to exactly Script error: No such module "val"..[5] The nominal value, which is the rounded value, within the uncertainty, given by Haberreiter, Schmutz & Kosovichev (2008), was adopted to help astronomers avoid confusion when quoting stellar radii in units of the Sun's radius, even when future observations will likely refine the Sun's actual photospheric radius (which is currently[6] only known to about an accuracy of ±Script error: No such module "val".).

Examples

Solar radii as a unit are common when describing spacecraft moving close to the sun. Two spacecraft in the 2010s include:

Radius of another objects relative to the Sun's radius
Name Radius (Solar radius) Radius (kilometers)
Milky Way Script error: No such module "val". Script error: No such module "val".[7]
UY Scuti 909[8] Script error: No such module "val".
Betelgeuse 764[9] Script error: No such module "val".
Antares A 680[10] Script error: No such module "val".
Rigel A 74.1[11] Script error: No such module "val".
Aldebaran 45.1[12] Script error: No such module "val".
Arcturus 25.4[13] Script error: No such module "val".
Pollux 9.06[14] Script error: No such module "val".
Sirius A 1.711[15] Script error: No such module "val".
Sun 1 Script error: No such module "val".
Proxima Centauri 0.1542[16] Script error: No such module "val".
Jupiter 0.1028 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Saturn 0.0866 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Uranus 0.03673 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Neptune 0.03559 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Earth 0.009168 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Venus 0.00869 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Mars 0.00488 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Mercury 0.0035 Script error: No such module "val".[17]
Moon 0.0025 Script error: No such module "val".[18]
Pluto 0.0017 Script error: No such module "val".[17]

See also

References

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External links

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