Danish straits

File:Belte inter.png

Belts and sounds in Denmark and southwestern Baltic Sea

The Danish straits are the straits connecting the Baltic Sea to the North Sea through the Kattegat and Skagerrak. Historically, the Danish straits were internal waterways of Denmark; however, following territorial losses, Øresund and Fehmarn Belt are now shared with Sweden and Germany, while the Great Belt and the Little Belt have remained Danish territorial waters. The Copenhagen Convention of 1857 made all the Danish straits open to commercial shipping. The straits have generally been regarded as an international waterway.

Toponymy and geography

Five straits are named 'belt' (Template:Langx), the only ones in the world.Template:Clarificationneeded Several other straits are named 'sound' (Danish, Swedish and German: ). Where an island is situated between a "belt" and a "sound", typically the broader strait is called "belt" and the narrower one is the "sound":

• Als:
  • separated from the continent by
  • separated from Fyn by the southern part of the Little Belt, an area referred to in German (but not Danish) as
• Fehmarn
  • separated from the continent by , also
  • separated from Lolland by (German) / (Low German) / (Danish; former spelling: )

    File:Oresund from helsingborg.jpg

    The , seen from Helsingborg

• Langeland:
  • separated from Tåsinge Island by (Tåsinge is separated from Fyn by )
  • separated from Lolland by , the southern part of the Great Belt
• Lolland:
  • separated from Falster by (Falster is separated from Zealand by Strait)
  • separated from Langeland by
  • separated from Fehmarn by , which is the common continuation of Great Belt– and Little Belt
• Zealand (Template:Langx)
  • separated from the Scandinavian peninsula by (Danish) / (Swedish)
  • separated from Fyn by the Great Belt

Crossing the straits

During the 20th and 21st centuries the surrounding areas grew in population and cross-border trade developed, particularly as part of the European single market. The European Union Scandinavian–Mediterranean Corridor runs north-south through the Danish straits.

File:Den Gamle Lillebæltsbro.JPG

One of the first fixed links - the Little Belt Bridge opened in 1935

Ferries crossed many of the straits but some of these have been replaced with fixed links to reduce journey times. Most significantly, since 1999 the powerhouses of Hamburg and Copenhagen have been linked without the use of ferries. The fixed links include:

• 1930 – King Christian X's Bridge in Sønderborg
• 1935 – "Old" Little Belt Bridge
• 1937 – Storstrøm Bridge
• 1960 – Siøsund Bridge
• 1970 – "New" Little Belt Bridge (1970)
• 1981 – Alssund Bridge
• 1998 – Great Belt Bridge
• 1999 – Øresund Bridge
• 2029 – expected completion of Fehmarn Belt fixed link

Etymology of "sound" /

File:Aldersund.jpg

Sound/: separating Aldra island (left) from mainland Norway

The Germanic word "sound" has the same root as the verb to sunder in the meaning of "to separate". The Old Norse form of that verb is . In Norway hundreds of narrow straits separating islands and combining fjords or outer parts of fjords are named .

Another explanation derives "sound" from an ancient verb in the meaning of to swim. That way a sound is a swimmable strait. In the Swedish language any strait is called .

The Germanic word "sound" is not related to the Romance word "sound" meaning an auditory sensation, which has developed from the Latin .

See also

• Kiel Canal
• Göta Canal
• Eider Canal
• List of islands of Denmark
• March across the Belts

References

• Denmark 1:500,000 – official map for download
• Norwegian dictionary: sund
• Norwegian dictionary: sundre