(55565) 2002 AW197

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates

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Template:Mp (provisional designation Template:Mp) is a classical, non-resonant trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper belt in the outermost region of the Solar System, also known as a cubewano. It was discovered on 10 January 2002 by astronomers at Palomar Observatory. With a diameter of about Template:Convert, Template:Mp is approximately tied with Template:Mpl (to within measurement uncertainties) as the largest unnamed object in the Solar System.

Template:Mp has a rotation period of 8.8 hours and has a moderately red color.[1] The object's brightness does not significantly vary as it rotates, which indicates it is likely spheroidal.

History

Discovery

Template:Mp was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California, United States.[2] Astronomers involved in the discovery were Michael Brown, Chad Trujillo, Eleanor Helin, Michael Hicks, Kenneth Lawrence and Steven Pravdo.[3] The object was discovered during Brown and Trujillo's Caltech Wide Area Sky Survey, which used Palomar Observatory's Template:Convert Samuel Oschin telescope to search for bright Kuiper belt objects.[4]Template:Rp This survey, which was operated jointly with the nightly Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program at Palomar,[4]Template:Rp would later discover several other large objects beyond Neptune, including the dwarf planets Template:Dp, Template:Dp, and Template:Dp.[5]Template:Rp

Template:Mp was found through manual vetting of potential moving objects identified by Brown and Trujillo's automatic image-searching software.[4]Template:Rp In terms of absolute magnitude, Template:Mp was the second-brightest Kuiper belt object known at the time.[6] It was detected at a red-filter apparent magnitude of 19.7.[3] Template:Mp was further observed by Trujillo and Brown using telescopes at Palomar and Mauna Kea Observatory during February to April 2002.[3] The discovery was announced by the Minor Planet Center on 20 July 2002 and the object was given the minor planet provisional designation of Template:Mp.[3]

Template:Multiple image

Further observations

Within a month after Template:Mp's discovery, Trujillo and Brown collaborated with Jean-Luc Margot and Frank Bertoldi to measure the object's diameter and thermal emission using the IRAM 30m radio telescope at Sierra Nevada, Spain.[7][6] Astronomers also found additional observations of Template:Mp from the time before and during its discovery, which allowed for further refinement of orbit calculations.[8] The earliest pre-discovery observation of Template:Mp comes from an image taken on 29 December 1997 by the NEAT/GEODSS program at Haleakalā Observatory, Hawaii.[2][8] Template:As of, Template:Mp has been observed for over 27 years, or about 8% of its orbital period.[9][2]

Numbering and naming

Template:Mp received its permanent minor planet catalog number of 55565 from the Minor Planet Center on 16 February 2003.[10]Template:Rp As of yet, it remains unnamed and the discoverers' privilege for naming this object expired ten years after its numbering.[2][11]Template:Rp Per naming guidelines by the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature, Template:Mp is open for name suggestions that pertain to creation myths, as required for Kuiper belt objects in general.[11]Template:Rp

Orbit and classification

Template:Mp's orbit is outside that of Pluto's, with a higher inclination and different orientation
Diagram showing top and tilted views of the orbits of Template:Mp (pink), Pluto (purple) and the outer planets

Template:Mp is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) orbiting the Sun at a semi-major axis or average distance of 47.2 astronomical units (AU).[12]Template:Efn It follows an elliptical orbit with an eccentricity of 0.13.[12] During its 324-year orbital period, Template:Mp comes within 41.1 AU from the Sun at perihelion and up to 53.3 AU at aphelion.[12] It has an orbital inclination of 24.4° with respect to the ecliptic.[12] Template:Mp last passed perihelion in July 1753 and will make its next perihelion passage in May 2078.[13][14]

Template:Mp is located in the classical region of the Kuiper belt 39–48 AU from the Sun,[15]Template:Rp and is thus classified as a classical Kuiper belt object or cubewano.[15]Template:Rp Template:Mp's high orbital inclination qualifies it as a dynamically "hot" member of the classical Kuiper belt, which implies that it was gravitationally scattered out to its present location by Neptune's outward planetary migration in the Solar System's early history.[16]Template:Rp Hence, Template:Mp is sometimes classified as a "scattered" object.[17][18]Template:Rp

Physical characteristics

History of diameter estimates for Template:Mp
Year of
Publication		 Diameter
(km)		 Method Refs
2002 Template:Val thermal
(IRAM)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[6][19]Template:Rp
2005 Template:Val thermal
(Spitzer)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[20][21]
2008 Template:Val thermal
(Spitzer)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[18]Template:Rp
2009 Template:Val thermal
(Spitzer, remodeled)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[22]Template:Rp
2014 Template:Val thermal
(Herschel + Spitzer)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[23]


Size, shape, and rotation

File:Kuiper Belt Object 2002 AW197.jpg
Pair of far-infrared images of Template:Mp by the Spitzer Space Telescope

Measurements of Template:Mp's infrared thermal emission by the Herschel and Spitzer space telescopes give a diameter of Template:Val (Template:Val).[23] This makes Template:Mp one of the largest unnamed Solar System objects with a measured diameter, tied with Template:Mpl to within uncertainties (diameter Template:Val).[24] Template:Mp is large enough that some astronomers consider it a dwarf planet candidate.[25][26]Template:Rp Template:Mp's brightness fluctuates very little as it rotates, which could indicate a spheroidal shape.[26]Template:Rp

Template:Mp has a likely rotation period of around 8.8 hours, according to telescopic observations of its brightness changes over time. Template:Mp's subtle brightness variations (by up to 0.08 magnitudes) can make it difficult to determine its light curve and true rotation period.[27]Template:Rp The first measurements of Template:Mp's rotation period made during 2002–2003 obtained a likely period of Template:Val hours.[28]Template:Rp[29]Template:Rp Although other alias periods of 13.94, 6.49, and 15.82 hours are possible, the 8.86 hour period stood out as the most likely.[29]Template:Rp Another set of observations from 2003–2004 obtained a period of 8.78 hours.[27]Template:Rp

Surface

Template:Mp has a dark and moderately red surface with a geometric albedo of about 11%.[23] The visible and near-infrared spectrum of Template:Mp lacks obvious absorption features, which suggests that tholins mostly cover its surface.[30] (in contrast to Quaoar, also red)

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Trans-Neptunian objects

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named lcdb
  2. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MPC-object
  3. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MPEC-2002-O30
  4. ↑ a b c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Trujillo2003
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Schilling2008
  6. ↑ a b c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Margot2002
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Trujillo2002
  8. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MPEC-2002-R12
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named jpldata
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MPC47762
  11. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named wgsbn
  12. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named horizons-ssb
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named perihelion-1753
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named perihelion-2078
  15. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gladman2008
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lykawka2007
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Buie
  18. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Stansberry2008
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Grundy2005
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Cruikshank2005
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Stansberry2005
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Brucker2009
  23. ↑ a b c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Vilenius2014
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sheppard2018
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Brown-dplist
  26. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tancredi2008
  27. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Thirouin2010
  28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named TNOsCool9
  29. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ortiz-2006
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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