1906
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Events
January–February
- January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, and establish a national assembly, the Majlis.
- January 16–April 7 – The Algeciras Conference convenes, to resolve the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany.
- January 22 – The Template:SS strikes a reef off Vancouver Island, Canada, killing over 100 [1](officially 136) in the ensuing disaster.
- January 31 – The Ecuador–Colombia earthquake (8.8 on the Moment magnitude scale), and associated tsunami, cause at least 500 deaths.
- February 7 – Template:HMS is launched, sparking a naval race between Britain and Germany.
- February 11
- Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer Nos, denouncing the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State.
- Two British members of a poll tax collecting expedition are killed near Richmond, Natal, sparking the Bambatha Rebellion.[2]
March–April
- March 10 – Courrières mine disaster: An explosion in a coal mine in France kills 1,060.
- March 18 – In France, Romanian inventor Traian Vuia becomes the first person to achieve an unassisted takeoff in a heavier-than-air powered monoplane, but it is incapable of sustained flight.
- April 14 – The Azusa Street Revival, the primary catalyst for the revival of Pentecostalism this century, opens in Los Angeles.
- April 18
- The San Francisco Earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.8) on the San Andreas Fault destroys much of San Francisco, California, killing at least 3,000, with 225,000–300,000 left homeless, and $350 million in damages.
- Xerox, the global digital office machine brand, is founded in Rochester, New York as the Haloid Photographic Company.[3]
- April 23 – In the Russian Empire, the Fundamental Laws are announced at the first state Duma.
May–June
- May 27
- The first inmates are moved to the Culion leper colony by the American Insular Government of the Philippine Islands.
- Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 6 receives its premiere at the Saalbau Essen in Germany conducted by the composer.
- May 29 – Karl Staaff steps down as Prime Minister of Sweden over the issue of expanded voting rights. He is replaced by right-wing naval officer and public official Arvid Lindman.
- May 31 – Morral affair: The attempted regicide of Spanish King Alfonso XIII and Queen Victoria Eugenie on their wedding day instead kills 24 bystanders.[4]
- June 7 – Cunard liner Template:RMS is launched in Glasgow, as the world's largest ship.
- June 26 – The first autombile racing Grand Prix is the 1906 French Grand Prix held at Le Mans.
July–August
- July 6 – The Second Geneva Convention meets.
- July 12 – Alfred Dreyfus is exonerated. He is reinstalled in the French Army on July 21, thus ending the Dreyfus affair.
- July 20 – In the Grand Duchy of Finland, a new electoral law is ratified, guaranteeing full women's suffrage, the first in modern Europe.[5] Women can also stand in national elections.
- August 4 – The first Imperial German Navy submarine, U-1, is launched.
- August 16
- 1906 Aleutian Islands earthquake: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.35 occurs off the Rat Islands in Alaska.
- 1906 Valparaíso earthquake: A magnitude 8.2 earthquake in Valparaíso, Chile leaves nearly 4,000 dead and approximately 20,000 injured.
- August 23 – Unable to control a rebellion, Cuban President Tomás Estrada Palma requests United States intervention. This leads to the Second Occupation of Cuba, which lasts until 1909.
September–October
- September 11 – Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha, to characterize the nonviolence movement in South Africa.
- September 18 – A typhoon and tsunami kill an estimated 10,000 in Hong Kong.[6]
- September 20 – The RMS Mauretania is launched on the River Tyne, becoming the world's largest ship.
- September 30 – The first Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning is held, starting in Paris. The winning team, piloting the balloon United States, lands in Fylingdales, Yorkshire, England.
- October 1 – The Grand Duchy of Finland becomes the first nation to include the right of women to stand as candidates when it adopts universal suffrage.
- October 6 – The National Consultative Assembly (Majlis) of Iran convenes for the first time.[7]
- October 11 – A United States diplomatic crisis with Japan arises when the San Francisco public school board orders Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools (it is resolved by next year).
- October 16 – Imposter Wilhelm Voigt impersonates a Prussian officer and takes over the city hall in Köpenick for a short time.
- October 23 – An aeroplane of Alberto Santos-Dumont takes off at Bagatelle in France, and flies 60 meters (200 feet). This is the first officially recorded powered flight in Europe.
- October 28 – The Union Minière du Haut Katanga, a mining trust, is created in the Belgian Congo.
November–December
- November 1 – International Exhibition opens in Christchurch, New Zealand.
- November 3 – SOS becomes adopted internationally as a distress signal (originally for ship-to-shore wireless telegraphy) on inclusion in the service regulations of the first International Radiotelegraph Convention signed in Berlin and coming into effect on 1 July 1908.[8]
- November 18 – The steamboat Dix sinks en route from Seattle to Port Blakely claiming the lives of approximately 50 passengers and crew.
- December 4 – Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity forms at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; it is the first Black Greek-lettered collegiate order of its kind.
- December 6 – The Transvaal Colony is granted responsible self-government by Britain.
- December 13 – The United Kingdom, France and Italy sign an agreement to preserve, in Ethiopia, the integrity of the ancient empire of Abyssinia.[9]
- December 15 – The London Underground's Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway opens.
- December 22 – The Template:M 7.9 1906 Manasi earthquake in Xinjiang, China, kills nearly 300 people.[10]
- December 24 – Reginald Fessenden makes the first radio broadcast: a poetry reading, a violin solo, and a speech, from Brant Rock, Massachusetts.
- December 26 – The world's first feature film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, is first shown, at the Melbourne Athenaeum in Australia.
- December 30 – The All-India Muslim League is founded as a political party in Dhaka in the British Raj; it becomes a driving force for the creation of an independent Pakistan.
Date unknown
- The BCG vaccine for tuberculosis is first developed.
- Construction begins on the modern-day Great Mosque of Djenné.
- The Simplo Filler Pen Company is founded, later to become the Montblanc Company in Germany.
- HaRishon Le Zion-Yafo Association is officially founded as a sports club in Palestine, predecessor of Maccabi Tel Aviv (Israel).[11]
Births
January–February
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- January 11 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist (d. 2008)
- January 12 – Eric Birley, British historian and archaeologist (d. 1995)
- January 13 – Zhou Youguang, Chinese linguist (d. 2017)
- January 14 – William Bendix, American film, radio and television actor (d. 1964)
- January 15 – Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (d. 1975)
- January 16 – Diana Wynyard, English actress (d. 1964)
- January 21 – Igor Moiseyev, Russian choreographer (d. 2007)
- January 22 – Robert E. Howard, American pulp fiction writer (suicide 1936)
- January 28 – Pat O'Callaghan, Irish athlete (d. 1991)
- February 4
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German religious, resistance leader (executed 1945)
- Clyde Tombaugh, American astronomer (d. 1997)
- February 5 – John Carradine, American actor (d. 1988)
- February 7
- Oleg Antonov, Soviet aircraft designer (d. 1984)
- Puyi, Last Emperor of China (d. 1967)
- February 8 – Chester Carlson, American physicist, inventor (d. 1968)
- February 10 – Lon Chaney Jr., American actor (d. 1973)
- February 14 – Nazim al-Qudsi, 26th Prime Minister of Syria and 14th President of Syria (d. 1998)
- February 17
- Galo Plaza, 29th President of Ecuador (d. 1987)
- Käte Selbmann, German politician (d. 1962)[12]
- February 18 – Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician (d. 1980)
- February 26 – Madeleine Carroll, British actress (d. 1987)
- February 28 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (k. 1947)
March–April
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- March 1
- Phạm Văn Đồng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2000)
- Abdus Sattar, 8th President of Bangladesh (d. 1985)
- March 6 – Lou Costello, American actor (d. 1959)
- March 13 – Dave Kaye, British pianist (d. 1996)[13][14]
- March 16 – Francisco Ayala, Spanish novelist (d. 2009)
- March 19 – Adolf Eichmann, German war criminal (executed 1962)
- March 20 – Ozzie Nelson, American actor, director and producer (d. 1975)
- March 21 – Jim Thompson, American businessman (disappeared 1967)
- March 25 – A. J. P. Taylor, English historian (d. 1990)
- March 26 – Rafael Méndez, Mexican trumpet player (d. 1981)
- March 31 – Shin'ichirō Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- April 1 – Alexander Yakovlev, Russian politician, architect of perestroika (d. 1989)
- April 4 – Bea Benaderet, American actress (d. 1968)
- April 5 – Yin Shun, Chinese Buddhist master (d. 2005)
- April 6 – Virginia Hall, American spy with the Special Operations Executive during WWII (d. 1982)
- April 9 – Antal Doráti, Hungarian-born American conductor (d. 1988)
- April 13 – Samuel Beckett, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
- April 22 – Eddie Albert, American actor and activist (d. 2005)
- April 24 – William Joyce, Irish-American World War II Nazi propaganda broadcaster ("Lord Haw-Haw") (executed 1946)
- April 25
- Joel Brand, Hungarian rescue worker (d. 1964)
- William J. Brennan Jr., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1997)
- A. W. Haydon, American inventor (d. 1982)
- April 28
- Tony Accardo, American gangster (d. 1992)
- Kurt Gödel, Austrian logician, mathematician, and philosopher of mathematics (d. 1978)
- April 29 – Pedro Vargas, Mexican singer and actor (d. 1989)[15]
May–June
- May 3 – Mary Astor, American actress and writer (d. 1987)
- May 6 – André Weil, French mathematician (d. 1998)
- May 8 – Roberto Rossellini, Italian director (d. 1977)
- May 11
- Jacqueline Cochran, American aviator (d. 1980)
- Richard Arvin Overton, oldest living man in the United States and oldest surviving American veteran (World War II) (d. 2018)
- May 15 – Humberto Delgado, Portuguese general, politician (d. 1965)
- May 16 – Arturo Uslar Pietri, Venezuelan writer (d. 2001)
- May 19
- Bruce Bennett, American athlete, actor (d. 2007)
- Jimmy MacDonald, Scottish-American sound effects artist, voice actor (d. 1991)
- May 20 – Giuseppe Siri, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1989)
- May 27 – Ajahn Buddhadasa, Thai Buddhist monk (d. 1993)
- May 29 – T. H. White, British writer (d. 1964)
- June 3 – Josephine Baker, American-born French entertainer (d. 1975)
- June 6 – Max August Zorn, German-born American mathematician (d. 1993)
- June 15 – Léon Degrelle, Belgian fascist (d. 1994)
- June 17 – James H. Flatley, American admiral, aviator (d. 1958)
- June 19 – Sir Ernst Chain, German-born British biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- June 22
- Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American author, aviator (d. 2001)
- Billy Wilder, Austrian-born American screenwriter, film director and producer (d. 2002)
- June 24 – Pierre Fournier, French cellist (d. 1986)
- June 26
- Viktor Schreckengost, American industrial designer, teacher, sculptor and artist (d. 2008)
- M. P. Sivagnanam, Indian politician (d. 1995)
- June 27 – Catherine Cookson, English author (d. 1998)
- June 28 – Maria Goeppert Mayer, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)[16]
July–August
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- July 1
- Jean Dieudonné, French mathematician, academic (d. 1992)
- Estée Lauder, American cosmetics entrepreneur (d. 2004)
- Ivan Neill, British Army officer and Irish Unionist politician (d. 2001)
- July 2
- Hans Bethe, German-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- Károly Kárpáti, Hungarian Jewish wrestler (d. 1996)
- July 3
- Alberto Lleras Camargo, Colombian politician, 20th President of Colombia (d. 1990)
- George Sanders, Russian-born British actor (d. 1972)
- July 4 – Vincent Schaefer, American chemist, meteorologist (d. 1993)
- July 7
- Helene Johnson, African-American poet (d. 1995)
- Satchel Paige, American baseball player (d. 1982)
- July 8 – Philip Johnson, American architect (d. 2005)
- July 11 – Herbert Wehner, German politician (d. 1990)
- July 17 – Dunc Gray, Australian track cyclist (d. 1996)
- July 18 – S. I. Hayakawa, Canadian-born American academic, politician (d. 1992)
- July 21 – Caroline Smith, American diver (d. 1994)
- July 23 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- August 5
- Joan Hickson, British actress (d. 1998)
- John Huston, American film director, screenwriter, and actor (d. 1987)
- Wassily Leontief, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
- August 5 – Marie-José of Belgium, last Queen of Italy (d. 2001)[17]
- August 14 – Horst P. Horst, German photographer (d. 1999)
- August 17 – Marcelo Caetano, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
- August 19 – Philo Farnsworth, American inventor (d. 1971)
- August 26 – Albert Sabin, Polish-born American medical researcher (d. 1993)
- August 27 – Ed Gein, American serial killer (d. 1984)
- August 28 – John Betjeman, English poet (d. 1984)
- August 30 – Joan Blondell, American actress (d. 1979)
September–October
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- September 1
- Joaquín Balaguer, 41st, 45th, & 49th President of the Dominican Republic, writer (d. 2002)
- Eleanor Alice Burford, English writer (d. 1993)
- September 4 – Max Delbrück, German-born American biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
- September 6 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-born Argentine chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- September 8 – Andrei Kirilenko, Soviet politician (d. 1990)
- September 17 – J. R. Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (d. 1996)
- September 26
- José Figueres Ferrer, 32nd, 34th, & 38th President of Costa Rica (d. 1990)
- Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (d. 1975)
- September 27 – William Empson, English poet, critic (d. 1984)
- October 6 – Janet Gaynor, American Academy Award-winning actress (d. 1984)
- October 9 – Léopold Sédar Senghor, 1st President of Senegal (d. 2001)
- October 10 – R. K. Narayan, Indian novelist (d. 2001)
- October 14
- Hassan al-Banna, Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (d. 1949)
- Hannah Arendt, German political theorist (d. 1975)[18]
- October 23 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (d. 2003)
- October 24 – Marie-Louise von Motesiczky, Austrian-born British painter (d. 1996)
- October 26 – Primo Carnera, Italian boxer (d. 1967)
- October 29 – Fredric Brown, American writer (d. 1972)
November–December
- November 2
- Ferit Melen, 14th Prime Minister of Turkey (d. 1988)
- Luchino Visconti, Italian theatre, cinema director, writer (d. 1976)
- November 5
- Philip Roberts, British general (d. 1997)
- Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer (d. 2004)
- November 9 – Arthur Rudolph, German rocket engineer (d. 1996)
- November 10 – Josef Kramer, German Nazi concentration camp commandant (d. 1945)
- November 13
- Wanrong, last empress of China (d. 1946)
- Hermione Baddeley, English character actress (d. 1986)
- November 14 – Louise Brooks, American actress (d. 1985)
- November 15 – Curtis LeMay, United States Air Force general, vice-presidential candidate (d. 1990)
- November 16 – Henri Charrière, French author (d. 1973)
- November 17 – Soichiro Honda, Japanese industrialist (d. 1991)
- November 18
- Alec Issigonis, Greek-born British automobile designer (d. 1988)
- Klaus Mann, German writer (d. 1949)
- George Wald, American scientist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
- November 22 – Jørgen Juve, Norwegian football player and journalist (d. 1983)
- December 5 – Ahn Eak-tai, Korean composer and conductor (d. 1965)
- December 9 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist, naval officer (d. 1992)
- December 13
- Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (d. 1968)
- Laurens van der Post, South African author, journalist (d. 1996)
- December 19 – Leonid Brezhnev, Soviet leader (d. 1982)
- December 24 – James Hadley Chase, English writer (d. 1985)
- December 25 – Ernst Ruska, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)[19]
- December 27 – Oscar Levant, American pianist, composer, author, comedian, and actor (d. 1972)
- December 30 – Carol Reed, English film director (d. 1976)
Deaths
January–June
- January 1 – Todor Ivanchov, 11th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1858)
- January 13 – Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (b. 1859)[20]
- January 18 – Sir William Forbes Gatacre, British general (b. 1843)
- January 19 – Bartolomé Mitre, Argentine statesman, military figure and author, 6th President of Argentina (b. 1821)
- January 20 – Maria Cristina of the Immaculate Conception Brando, Italian Roman Catholic nun, saint (b. 1856)
- January 25 – Joseph Wheeler, American general, politician (b. 1836)
- January 29 – King Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1818)
- February 8 – Giuseppina Gabriella Bonino, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed (b. 1843)
- February 9 – Paul Laurence Dunbar, American poet and publisher (b. 1872)[21]
- February 13 – Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (b. 1866)
- February 18 – John B. Stetson, American hat maker (b. 1830)
- February 26 – Jean Lanfray, Swiss convicted murderer (b. 1874)[22]
- February 27 – Samuel Langley, American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (b. 1834)[23]
- March 1 – José María de Pereda, Spanish writer (b. 1833)
- March 4 – John Schofield, American general (b. 1831)
- March 8 – Henry Baker Tristram, English clergyman, ornithologist (b. 1822)
- March 12 – Manuel Quintana, 15th President of Argentina (b. 1835)
- March 13
- Susan B. Anthony, American civil rights, women's suffrage activist (b. 1820)
- Joseph Monier, French gardener, inventor (b. 1823)
- March 17 – Johann Most, German-American anarchist (b. 1846)[24]
- March 19 – Victor Fatio, Swiss zoologist (b. 1838)
- March 20 – Adeline Dutton Train Whitney, American author of juvenile literature for girls (b. 1824)
- March 23 – Thomas Lake Harris, American poet (b. 1823)
- March 29
- Slava Raškaj, Croatian painter (b. 1877)
- Albert Sorel, French historian (b. 1842)
- April 6 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian author (b. 1849)
- April 19
- Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
- Spencer Gore, British tennis player, cricketer (b. 1850)
- April 25 – John Knowles Paine, American composer (b. 1839)
- May 10 – Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, Sultan of Brunei (b. 1825)
- May 14 – Carl Schurz, German revolutionary, American statesman (b. 1829)[25]
- May 23 – Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian playwright (b. 1828)
- June 5 – Eduard von Hartmann, German philosopher (b. 1842)[26]
- June 10 – Richard Seddon, 15th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1845)
- June 17 – Harry Nelson Pillsbury, American chess champion (b. 1872)
- June 25 – Stanford White, American architect (b. 1853)
July–December
- July 1 – Manuel García, Spanish opera singer, music educator and vocal pedagogue (b. 1805)
- July 11 – Grace Brown, American murder/and or drowning victim (b. 1886)
- July 17 – Carlos Pellegrini, 11th President of Argentina (b. 1846)
- August 6 – George Waterhouse, 7th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1824)
- August 14 – Aniceto Arce, 27th President of Bolivia (b. 1824)
- August 19 – Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz, Colombian Roman Catholic priest, saint (b. 1848)
- September 1 – Giuseppe Giacosa, Italian poet, librettist (b. 1847)
- September 5 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (b. 1854)
- September 13 – Emily Pitts Stevens, American school founder (b. 1841)
- September 23 – August Bondeson, Swedish author (b. 1844)
- October 9 – Adelaide Ristori, Italian actress (b. 1822)
- October 16 – Varina Davis, First Lady of the Confederate States of America (b. 1826)
- October 19
- Arthur von Mohrenheim, Russian diplomat (b. 1824)
- Charles Pfizer, German-American chemist, co-founder of Pfizer (b. 1824)
- October 22 – Paul Cézanne, French painter (b. 1839)[27]
- October 23 – Vladimir Stasov, Russian music critic (b. 1824)
- October 30 – Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook, British politician (b. 1814)
- November 1 – Archduke Otto of Austria (b. 1865)
- November 7 – Todor Burmov, 1st Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1834)
- November 9 – Saint Elizabeth of the Trinity, French Discalced Carmelite religious professed and saint (b. 1880)
- November 12 – William Rufus Shafter, American general (b. 1835)
- November 16 – Mother Veronica of the Passion, Ottoman-born religious leader (b. 1823)
- November 19, – Georgia Cayvan, American stage actress (b. 1857)
- November 28 – Jennie Yeamans, Australian-born American actress (b. 1862)
- November 30
- Sir Edward Reed, British naval architect, author, politician, and railroad magnate (b. 1830)
- John Ward (geologist), English palaeontologist (b. 1837)
- December 7 – Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1833)
- December 8 – Sylvia Gerrish, American musical theatre star (b. 1860)
- December 13 – Jan Gerard Palm, Dutch composer (b. 1831)
- December 21 – Rajendrasuri, Indian religious reformer (b. 1827)
- December 30 – Josephine Butler, British feminist, social reformer (b. 1828)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics – J. J. Thomson
- Chemistry – Henri Moissan
- Medicine – Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Literature – Giosuè Carducci
- Peace – Theodore Roosevelt
References
Sources
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., comprehensive guide to political events worldwide; emphasis on Britain
Further reading
- Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933 (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 123 – 42.
- Hazell's Annual for 1907 (1907), worldwide events of 1906; 734pp online
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- ↑ Online Fact Book: Xerox at a Glance Template:Webarchive, xerox.com. Article retrieved December 13, 2006.
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Retrieved via Papers Past.
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- ↑ England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007 [database on-line]. London, England: General Register Office.
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