Joktan: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
imported>SPQR10
No edit summary
 
imported>Citation bot
Altered edition. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Jay8g | Category:CS1 errors: extra text: edition | #UCB_Category
 
Line 13: Line 13:
[[File:Dhamar Ali Yahbur (bust).jpg|alt=|thumb|Statue of a South Arabian king. According to Arab genealogy, South Arabians descend from Qahtan who is identified with Joktan.]]There is an Arab tradition that Joktan was the progenitor of all the purest tribes of Southern Arabia.<ref>{{Citation |last=Easton |first=Matthew George |title=Joktan |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton's_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Joktan |work=Easton's Bible Dictionary |access-date=2022-03-11}}</ref> Joktan has been identified with Qahtān (Arabic: قحطان), the ancestral figure of [[Qahtanite|Qahtanites]], in traditional Arab genealogy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JOKTAN - JewishEncyclopedia.com |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8746-joktan |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref> Three of Joktan's sons have connections to South Arabia. [[Sheba]] is identified as the ancient South Arabian kingdom of Saba.<ref>Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2007). David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. Simon & Schuster. p. 171.</ref> [[Hazarmaveth]] ([[Biblical Hebrew language|Biblical Hebrew]]: חֲצַרְמָוֶת, [[Romanization of Hebrew|tr.]] Ḥăṣarmāweṯ; [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: حضرموت) has been identified with the South Arabian region of [[Hadhramaut]] and according to various Bible dictionaries, the name "Hazarmaveth" means "court of death" which reflects a meaning similar to the Arabic folk etymologies of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hazarmaveth - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Bible Dictionary |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/dictionary/smiths-bible-dictionary/hazarmaveth.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.christianity.com}}</ref> [[Hadoram]] according to Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan is interpreted as denoting "the south" and it was a fortress to the south of Yemen's [[Sanaa|Sana'a]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some interpret this as denoting 'the south.' This was a fortress to the south of San'a (Kesseth HaSofer). See 1 Chronicles 18:10; Zechariah 12:11. |url=http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=10#C186 |access-date=2022-03-11 |archive-date=2005-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051130022520/http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=10#C186 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Dhamar Ali Yahbur (bust).jpg|alt=|thumb|Statue of a South Arabian king. According to Arab genealogy, South Arabians descend from Qahtan who is identified with Joktan.]]There is an Arab tradition that Joktan was the progenitor of all the purest tribes of Southern Arabia.<ref>{{Citation |last=Easton |first=Matthew George |title=Joktan |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton's_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Joktan |work=Easton's Bible Dictionary |access-date=2022-03-11}}</ref> Joktan has been identified with Qahtān (Arabic: قحطان), the ancestral figure of [[Qahtanite|Qahtanites]], in traditional Arab genealogy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JOKTAN - JewishEncyclopedia.com |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8746-joktan |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref> Three of Joktan's sons have connections to South Arabia. [[Sheba]] is identified as the ancient South Arabian kingdom of Saba.<ref>Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2007). David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. Simon & Schuster. p. 171.</ref> [[Hazarmaveth]] ([[Biblical Hebrew language|Biblical Hebrew]]: חֲצַרְמָוֶת, [[Romanization of Hebrew|tr.]] Ḥăṣarmāweṯ; [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: حضرموت) has been identified with the South Arabian region of [[Hadhramaut]] and according to various Bible dictionaries, the name "Hazarmaveth" means "court of death" which reflects a meaning similar to the Arabic folk etymologies of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hazarmaveth - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Bible Dictionary |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/dictionary/smiths-bible-dictionary/hazarmaveth.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.christianity.com}}</ref> [[Hadoram]] according to Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan is interpreted as denoting "the south" and it was a fortress to the south of Yemen's [[Sanaa|Sana'a]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some interpret this as denoting 'the south.' This was a fortress to the south of San'a (Kesseth HaSofer). See 1 Chronicles 18:10; Zechariah 12:11. |url=http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=10#C186 |access-date=2022-03-11 |archive-date=2005-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051130022520/http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=10#C186 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== Mongoloid race theory ==
== East Asians theory ==
[[File:The World as Peopled by the Descendants of Noah Shewing the Countries Possessed by Shem, Ham & Japhet and their posterity after the confusion of tongues..jpg|thumb|[[Robert Wilkinson (cartographer)|Robert Wilkinson]]'s 1823 map of the descendants of Noah's sons, showing Joktan and his sons as having populated eastern Asia: [[Havilah]] is [[Tibet]], [[Sheba]] is [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K|Jobab]] is [[Mongolia]], Obal is [[China]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K|Abimael]] is [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K|Diklah]] is [[Japan]], and [[Ophir]] is [[Indonesia]], particularly the [[Maluku Islands]].|left|227x227px]]Theories (based on a literal reading of {{bibleref|Genesis|10:30}}, which states that Joktan's descendants migrated eastward)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ridpath |first=John Clark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwA2AQAAMAAJ |title=Universal History: Great Races of Mankind |date=1896 |publisher=Jones |pages=466 |language=en}}</ref> suggested that Joktan is the progenitor of the [[Mongoloid race]], including [[east Asians]] and the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]], with the [[Yucatan Peninsula]] supposedly being named after Joktan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=turn&entity=History.McIntosh.p0040&id=History.McIntosh&isize=text|title=History: The origin of the North American Indians with a faithful description of their manners and customs, both civil and military, their religions, languages, dress, and ornaments: To which is prefixed a brief view of the creation of the world ... Concluding with a copious selection of Indian speeches, the antiquities of America, the civilization of the Mexicans, and some final observations on the origin of the Indians: Introduction}}</ref><ref name="montano">{{cite journal|last1=Shalev|first1=Zur|title=Sacred Geography, Antiquarianism and Visual Erudition: Benito Arias Montano and the Maps in the Antwerp Polyglot Bible|journal=Imago Mundi|date=2003|volume=55|page=71|doi=10.1080/0308569032000097495|s2cid=51804916|url=http://research.haifa.ac.il/~zshalev/Articles/IMundi-2003-Montano.pdf|access-date=2017-01-17|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225102322/http://research.haifa.ac.il/~zshalev/Articles/IMundi-2003-Montano.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> One early proponent of this theory was the theologian [[Benito Arias Montano]], who proposed a link between the names of [[Ophir]], Joktan's son, and [[Peru]].<ref name="montano"/>
[[File:The World as Peopled by the Descendants of Noah Shewing the Countries Possessed by Shem, Ham & Japhet and their posterity after the confusion of tongues..jpg|thumb|[[Robert Wilkinson (cartographer)|Robert Wilkinson]]'s 1823 map of the descendants of Noah's sons, showing Joktan and his sons as having populated eastern Asia: [[Havilah]] is [[Tibet]], [[Sheba]] is [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K|Jobab]] is [[Mongolia]], Obal is [[China]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K|Abimael]] is [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K|Diklah]] is [[Japan]], and [[Ophir]] is [[Indonesia]], particularly the [[Maluku Islands]].|left|227x227px]]Theories (based on a literal reading of {{bibleref|Genesis|10:30}}, which states that Joktan's descendants migrated eastward)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ridpath |first=John Clark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwA2AQAAMAAJ |title=Universal History: Great Races of Mankind |date=1896 |publisher=Jones |pages=466 |language=en}}</ref> suggested that Joktan is the progenitor of the [[east Asians]] and the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]], with the [[Yucatan Peninsula]] supposedly being named after Joktan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ORIENTAL ORIGINS IN THE BIBLE |url=http://www.eifiles.cn/oo-en.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707031041/http://www.eifiles.cn/oo-en.htm |archive-date=2011-07-07 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=www.eifiles.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=turn&entity=History.McIntosh.p0040&id=History.McIntosh&isize=text|title=History: The origin of the North American Indians with a faithful description of their manners and customs, both civil and military, their religions, languages, dress, and ornaments: To which is prefixed a brief view of the creation of the world ... Concluding with a copious selection of Indian speeches, the antiquities of America, the civilization of the Mexicans, and some final observations on the origin of the Indians: Introduction}}</ref><ref name="montano">{{cite journal|last1=Shalev|first1=Zur|title=Sacred Geography, Antiquarianism and Visual Erudition: Benito Arias Montano and the Maps in the Antwerp Polyglot Bible|journal=Imago Mundi|date=2003|volume=55|page=71|doi=10.1080/0308569032000097495|s2cid=51804916|url=http://research.haifa.ac.il/~zshalev/Articles/IMundi-2003-Montano.pdf|access-date=2017-01-17|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225102322/http://research.haifa.ac.il/~zshalev/Articles/IMundi-2003-Montano.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> One early proponent of this theory was the theologian [[Benito Arias Montano]], who proposed a link between the names of [[Ophir]], Joktan's son, and [[Peru]].<ref name="montano"/> Modern proponents of this idea include the [[young Earth creationist]] geneticist Nathaniel Jeanson, who identifies him as the progenitor of numerous east Asian [[Y-chromosomal haplogroup|Y-chromosomal haplogroups]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeanson |first=Nathaniel |title=Traced: Human DNA's Big Surprise |date=2022 |publisher=New Leaf Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-68344-291-2 |edition=1st |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref>
 
 
==See also==
==See also==
* Not to be confused with [[Jokshan]]
* Not to be confused with [[Jokshan]]

Latest revision as of 22:41, 5 June 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Joktan (also written as Yoktan; Template:Hebrew Name; Template:Langx) was the second of the two sons of Eber (Book of Genesis 10:25; 1 Chronicles 1:19) mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. He descends from Shem, son of Noah.

In the Book of Genesis 10:25 it reads: "And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan."

Joktan's sons in the order provided in Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., were Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab.

In Pseudo-Philo's account (ca. 70), Joktan was first made prince over the children of Shem, just as Nimrod and Phenech were princes over the children of Ham and Japheth, respectively. In his version, the three princes command all persons to bake bricks for the Tower of Babel; however, twelve, including several of Joktan's own sons, as well as Abraham and Lot, refuse the orders. Joktan smuggles them out of Shinar and into the mountains, to the annoyance of the other two princes.[1]

South Arabian narrative

File:Pre Islamic Arabian Tribes (Harold Dixon).svg
A map published by the British academic Harold Dixon during World War I, showing the presence of the Arab tribes in West Asia, 1914
File:Dhamar Ali Yahbur (bust).jpg
Statue of a South Arabian king. According to Arab genealogy, South Arabians descend from Qahtan who is identified with Joktan.

There is an Arab tradition that Joktan was the progenitor of all the purest tribes of Southern Arabia.[2] Joktan has been identified with Qahtān (Arabic: قحطان), the ancestral figure of Qahtanites, in traditional Arab genealogy.[3] Three of Joktan's sons have connections to South Arabia. Sheba is identified as the ancient South Arabian kingdom of Saba.[4] Hazarmaveth (Biblical Hebrew: חֲצַרְמָוֶת, tr. Ḥăṣarmāweṯ; Arabic: حضرموت) has been identified with the South Arabian region of Hadhramaut and according to various Bible dictionaries, the name "Hazarmaveth" means "court of death" which reflects a meaning similar to the Arabic folk etymologies of the region.[5] Hadoram according to Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan is interpreted as denoting "the south" and it was a fortress to the south of Yemen's Sana'a.[6]

East Asians theory

File:The World as Peopled by the Descendants of Noah Shewing the Countries Possessed by Shem, Ham & Japhet and their posterity after the confusion of tongues..jpg
Robert Wilkinson's 1823 map of the descendants of Noah's sons, showing Joktan and his sons as having populated eastern Asia: Havilah is Tibet, Sheba is Deccan, Jobab is Mongolia, Obal is China, Abimael is Indochina, Diklah is Japan, and Ophir is Indonesia, particularly the Maluku Islands.

Theories (based on a literal reading of Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., which states that Joktan's descendants migrated eastward)[7] suggested that Joktan is the progenitor of the east Asians and the indigenous peoples of the Americas, with the Yucatan Peninsula supposedly being named after Joktan.[8][9][10] One early proponent of this theory was the theologian Benito Arias Montano, who proposed a link between the names of Ophir, Joktan's son, and Peru.[10] Modern proponents of this idea include the young Earth creationist geneticist Nathaniel Jeanson, who identifies him as the progenitor of numerous east Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroups.[11]


See also

References

Template:Sister project Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ Pseudo-Philo
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2007). David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. Simon & Schuster. p. 171.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Joktan&oldid=821115"