Bone Machine

Bone Machine is the eleventh studio album by American singer and musician Tom Waits, released by Island Records on September 8, 1992. It won a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album and features guest appearances by David Hidalgo, Les Claypool, Brain, and Keith Richards. The album marked Waits' return to studio albums, coming five years after Franks Wild Years (1987).

Recorded in a room in the cellar area of Prairie Sun Recording studios, described by Waits as "just a cement floor and a hot water heater", the album is often noted for its rough, stripped-down, percussion-heavy style, as well as its dark lyrical themes revolving around death and decay. The album coverTemplate:Emdasha blurry, black-and-white, close-up image of Waits screaming while wearing a horned skullcap and protective gogglesTemplate:Emdashwas taken by filmmaker Jesse Dylan, son of Bob Dylan. The photo is taken from a freeze frame of the Dylan and Jim Jarmusch directed video for "Goin' Out West". They also directed a video for "I Don't Wanna Grow Up". Bone Machine won the Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album.

Recording and production

Bone Machine was recorded and produced entirely at the Prairie Sun Recording studios in Cotati, California, in a room of Studio C known as "the Waits Room", located in the old cement hatchery rooms of the cellar of the buildings. Prairie Sun's studio head Mark "Mooka" Rennick said, "[Waits] gravitated toward these 'echo' rooms and created the Bone Machine aural landscape. [...] What we like about Tom is that he is a musicologist. And he has a tremendous ear. His talent is a national treasure."

Waits said of the bare-bones studio, "I found a great room to work in, it's just a cement floor and a hot water heater. Okay, we'll do it here. It's got some good echo." References to the recording environment and process were made in the field-recorded interview segments made for the promotional CD release, Bone Machine: The Operator's Manual, which threaded together full studio tracks and conversation for a pre-recorded radio show format.

Bone Machine was the first Waits album on which he played drums and percussion extensively. In 1992, Waits stated: "I like to play drums when I'm angry. At home I have a metal instrument called a conundrum with a lot of things hanging off it that I've found - metal objects - and I like playing it with a hammer. I love it. Drumming is therapeutic. I wish I'd found it when I was younger."

Critical reception

In a rave review for the Los Angeles Times, Chris Willman wrote that "Waits waxes equally fatalistic on morality and mortality" on Bone Machine, and that even "amid all this casual morbidity", the album's "low-fi, home-studio" sounds make the album "so much—in a manner of speaking—fun." "Rhythmically," said Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune, "it's the most varied and impressive group of songs Waits has written, and damaged voice and all, the tunes are unshakable." Entertainment WeeklyTemplate:'s Billy Altman noted that although listeners may find themselves "shocked, thrilled, or just plain unnerved by some startling image or sound" while listening to Bone Machine, "beneath his hellacious bellowsTemplate:Nbsp... and grotesque arrangementsTemplate:Nbsp... lurks a caring, humanist heart." NME writer Terry Staunton summarized the album as "scary, mournful, morbid and easily one of Tom's best."

Retrospectively, AllMusic reviewer Steve Huey deemed Bone Machine "Waits' most affecting and powerful recording, even if it isn't his most accessible", noting the album's "chilling, primal sound" and fixation with "decay and mortality, the ease with which earthly existence can be destroyed."

Bone Machine was included on several "Best Albums of the 1990s" lists, being ranked at No. 49 by Pitchfork and No. 53 by Rolling Stone. The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Elvis Costello included it on his list of essential albums, highlighting "A Little Rain" and "I Don't Wanna Grow Up".

Personnel

Performance

• Tom Waits Template:Ndash lead vocals (all tracks), Chamberlin (1, 6, 9), percussion (1, 3–6, 15), guitar (1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 16), sticks (1), piano (2, 13), upright bass (7), conundrum (9), drums (10–12, 16), acoustic guitar (14)
• Brain Template:Ndash drums (3, 9)
• Kathleen Brennan Template:Ndash sticks (1)
• Ralph Carney Template:Ndash alto saxophone (2, 3), tenor saxophone (2, 3), bass clarinet (2)
• Les Claypool Template:Ndash bass guitar (1)
• Joe Gore Template:Ndash guitar (4, 10, 12)
• David Hidalgo Template:Ndash violin (13), accordion (13)
• Joe Marquez Template:Ndash sticks (1), banjo (11)
• David Phillips Template:Ndash pedal steel guitar (8, 13), steel guitar (16)
• Keith Richards Template:Ndash guitar (16), backing vocals (16)
• Larry Taylor Template:Ndash upright bass (1, 2, 4, 5, 8–12, 14, 16), guitar (7)
• Waddy Wachtel Template:Ndash guitar (16)

Production

• Tom Waits Template:Ndash producer
• Kathleen Brennan Template:Ndash associate producer
• Biff Dawes Template:Ndash recording (1Template:Ndash7, 9Template:Ndash12, 14Template:Ndash16)
• Joe MarquezTemplate:Ndash recording (8, 13)
• Tchad Blake Template:Ndash mixing (1Template:Ndash15)
• Biff Dawes Template:Ndash mixing (1Template:Ndash15)
• Joe Marquez Template:Ndash mixing (1Template:Ndash15), second engineer
• Joe Blaney Template:Ndash mixing (16)
• Shawn Michael Morris Template:Ndash third engineer
• Bob Ludwig Template:Ndash mastering
• Frances Thumm Template:Ndash "musical security guard"

Charts

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Chart performance for Bone Machine

Chart (1992)	Peak position
US Billboard 200	176

References

Sources