USSR State Prize: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Soviet Union's state award}}
{{Short description|Soviet Union state award}}
{{Infobox award
{{Infobox award
|name       = USSR State Prize
| name         = USSR State Prize
|image       = Medal State Prize Soviet Union.png
| image         = Medal State Prize Soviet Union.png
|image_size  = <!--100px-->
| caption       = Badge of the USSR State Prize
|caption     = State Prize badge
| country       = Soviet Union
|presenter  =
| former_name  = State Stalin Prize (1941–1956)
|country     = [[Soviet Union]]
| established  = 9 September 1966
|former name = State Stalin Prize
| discontinued  = 1991
|year        = {{ubl|1941 (as Stalin Prize)|1967 (as State Prize)}}
| awarded_for   = Outstanding achievements in science, literature, arts, and architecture
|year2      = 1991
| reward       = 5,000 Soviet rubles (from 1967)
|awarded_for =  
| higher       = [[Lenin Prize]]
|reward     = 5000 Soviet rubles (in 1967)
| same          = [[State Prize of the Russian Federation]]
|image2      =
| lower        = [[Lenin Komsomol Prize]]
|image2_size = 95px
|caption2    = Stalin Prize badge
|higher     = [[Lenin Prize]]
|lower      = [[Lenin Komsomol Prize]]
|same        = [[State Prize of the Russian Federation]]
}}
}}


The '''USSR State Prize''' ({{langx|ru|links=no|Государственная премия СССР|Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR}}) was the [[Soviet Union]]'s state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the [[State Prize of the Russian Federation]].
The '''USSR State Prize''' (<span lang="ru">Государственная премия СССР</span>) was one of the Soviet Union’s highest civilian honours, awarded from its establishment in September 1966 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. It recognised outstanding contributions in the fields of science, mathematics, literature, the arts, and architecture.


The '''State Stalin Prize''' ([[:ru:Сталинская премия|Государственная Сталинская премия]], ''Gosudarstvennaya Stalinskaya premiya''), usually called the '''Stalin Prize''', existed from 1941 to 1956. It essentially played the same role; therefore upon the establishment of the USSR State Prize, the diplomas and badges of the recipients of Stalin Prize were changed to that of USSR State Prize.
==History==
===State Stalin Prize (1941–1956)===
The award traces its origins to the '''State Stalin Prize''' (<span lang="ru">Государственная Сталинская премия</span>), commonly known as the Stalin Prize, which was established in 1941. It honoured achievements in science, technology, literature, and the arts deemed vital to the Soviet war effort and postwar reconstruction.<ref name="Volkov2004">Volkov, Solomon; Bouis, Antonina W., trans. 2004. ''Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41082-1.</ref> Ceremonies were suspended during 1944–45 and then held twice in 1946 (January for works from 1943–44; June for 1945 works).<ref name="Volkov2004"/>


In 1944 and 1945, the last two years of the [[Second World War]], the award ceremonies for the Stalin Prize were not held. Instead, in 1946 the ceremony was held twice: in January for the works created in 1943–1944 and in June for the works of 1945.<ref>[[Solomon Volkov|Volkov, Solomon]], tr. [[Antonina W. Bouis|Bouis, Antonina W.]], ''Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator'' (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2004). {{ISBN|0-375-41082-1}}, Chapter 5.</ref>
===USSR State Prize (1966–1991)===
By 1966, the Stalin Prize had fallen out of favour with leadership’s de-Stalinization policies. On 9 September 1966 the Supreme Soviet established the USSR State Prize as its direct successor. Recipients of the earlier Stalin Prize had their diplomas and badges reissued under the new name.<ref name="FrolovaWalker2016">Frolova-Walker, Marina. 2016. ''Stalin’s Music Prize: Soviet Culture and Politics''. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-20884-9.</ref>


USSR State Prize of 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees was awarded annually to individuals in the fields of science, mathematics, literature, arts, and architecture to honor the most prominent achievements which either advanced the Soviet Union or the cause of socialism. Often the prize was awarded to specific works rather than to individuals.
From 1967 onward, each annual award carried a cash prize of 5,000 rubles. It was conferred in three degrees (1st, 2nd, 3rd), with higher degrees reflecting greater significance of the contribution.


Each constituent [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet republic]] (SSR) or (SFSR) and autonomous republic (ASSR) also had a [[State Prizes of the Soviet Republics|State Prize]] (or Stalin Prize).
==Selection process==
Nominations originated from professional unions or party bodies in each Soviet republic. They were reviewed by the Stalin Prize Committee (later State Prize Committee), followed by screenings in relevant ministries, the Agitprop Department, and finally by the Politburo Commission. Although Soviet leaders retained the theoretical right to override committee decisions, most awards were ratified through this multi-stage process.<ref name="FrolovaWalker2016"/>


The Stalin Prize was an honor different from the [[Stalin Peace Prize]]. The latter was created on 21 December 1949 and was usually awarded to foreign recipients rather than to Soviet citizens.
==See also==
 
* [[Lenin Prize]]
It should also not be confused with the [[Lenin Prize]].
* [[State Prize of the Russian Federation]]
 
* [[List of recipients of the USSR State Prize]]
==Criteria==
* [[List of recipients of the Stalin Prize]]
Contrary to common belief the prizes were not directly chosen by Stalin. The prizes went through many rounds of discussions before they were awarded to recipients. First, the prizes needed to be nominated by unions or Party organizations in the republics. They then went to the ''Komitet po Stalinskim premiyam'' (or the Stalin Prize Committee), where there were debates and discussions about the nominated works, and blind elections held to see which works would receive prizes. The nominations then went through ministries, Agitprop, the Politburo Commission, and the Politburo.<ref>Frolova-Walker, Marina. Stalin’s Music prize: Soviet culture and politics. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300208849.001.0001.</ref> Along the way prizes could be rejected by the authorities, and prizes could also be added by any authority. This lead to a difficulty in defining the criteria of the Stalin Prizes, as any number of people could insert a work into the list of nominees. The final step to receiving an award was for Stalin to verify the list and formally submit it. Stalin could award prizes at will, overruling the previous committees, but there are few instances of this occurring, and for the most part prizes went all the way through the process before being awarded.<ref>Frolova-Walker, Marina. Stalin’s Music prize: Soviet culture and politics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300208849.001.0001.</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==See also==
*[[List of recipients of the USSR State Prize]]
*[[List of recipients of the Stalin Prize]]
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1966]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1966]]
[[Category:Awards disestablished in 1991]]
[[Category:Awards disestablished in 1991]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Recipients of the USSR State Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the USSR State Prize]]

Latest revision as of 17:43, 9 June 2025

Template:Short description Template:Infobox award

The USSR State Prize (Государственная премия СССР) was one of the Soviet Union’s highest civilian honours, awarded from its establishment in September 1966 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. It recognised outstanding contributions in the fields of science, mathematics, literature, the arts, and architecture.

History

State Stalin Prize (1941–1956)

The award traces its origins to the State Stalin Prize (Государственная Сталинская премия), commonly known as the Stalin Prize, which was established in 1941. It honoured achievements in science, technology, literature, and the arts deemed vital to the Soviet war effort and postwar reconstruction.[1] Ceremonies were suspended during 1944–45 and then held twice in 1946 (January for works from 1943–44; June for 1945 works).[1]

USSR State Prize (1966–1991)

By 1966, the Stalin Prize had fallen out of favour with leadership’s de-Stalinization policies. On 9 September 1966 the Supreme Soviet established the USSR State Prize as its direct successor. Recipients of the earlier Stalin Prize had their diplomas and badges reissued under the new name.[2]

From 1967 onward, each annual award carried a cash prize of 5,000 rubles. It was conferred in three degrees (1st, 2nd, 3rd), with higher degrees reflecting greater significance of the contribution.

Selection process

Nominations originated from professional unions or party bodies in each Soviet republic. They were reviewed by the Stalin Prize Committee (later State Prize Committee), followed by screenings in relevant ministries, the Agitprop Department, and finally by the Politburo Commission. Although Soviet leaders retained the theoretical right to override committee decisions, most awards were ratified through this multi-stage process.[2]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ a b Volkov, Solomon; Bouis, Antonina W., trans. 2004. Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41082-1.
  2. ↑ a b Frolova-Walker, Marina. 2016. Stalin’s Music Prize: Soviet Culture and Politics. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-20884-9.
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