Xuthus: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Noble in Ancient Greek Mythology}} | |||
{{Other uses|Xuthus (mythology)}} | {{Other uses|Xuthus (mythology)}} | ||
In [[Greek mythology]], '''Xuthus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|(|j|)|uː|θ|ə|s}}; {{langx|grc|Ξοῦθος}} ''Xouthos'') was a [[Phthia | In [[Greek mythology]], '''Xuthus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|(|j|)|uː|θ|ə|s}}; {{langx|grc|Ξοῦθος}} ''Xouthos'') was a [[Phthia]]n prince who later became a king of [[Peloponnese|Peloponnesus]]. He was the founder (through his sons) of the [[Achaeans (tribe)|Achaean]] and [[Ionians|Ionian]] nations. | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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== Family == | == Family == | ||
Xuthus was a son of King [[Hellen]] of [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessaly]] and the [[nymph]] [[Orseis]]; and brother of [[Dorus]], [[Aeolus (son of Hellen)|Aeolus]], [[Xenopatra]]<ref>[[Hellanicus of Lesbos|Hellanicus]] in [[scholia]] on [[Plato]], ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' 208 (p. 376)</ref> and probably [[Neonus]]. He had two sons, [[Ion (mythology)|Ion]] and [[Achaeus (son of Xuthus)|Achaeus]],<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.7.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=1:chapter=7&highlight=Xuthus 1.7.3]</ref> and a daughter named [[Diomede]] by [[Creusa of Athens|Creusa]], the [[Athens|Athenian]] daughter of King [[Erechtheus]]. [[Euripides]]'s play, ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'', provided an unusual alternate version, according to which Xuthus was the son of [[Aeolus (son of Hellen)|Aeolus]]<ref>Scholiast on [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' 1.2</ref> and Ion was in fact been begotten on Xuthus's wife Creusa by [[Apollo]]. Xuthus and Creusa visited the [[Pythia|Oracle]] at [[Delphi]] to ask the god if they could hope for a child, at which point they are told they already have a child, Ion, who was father by Apollo and mothered by Creusa, though Creusa had forgotten her son due to the trauma of being raped by Apollo.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|201688748}} |last1=Segal |first1=Charles |title=Eurípides' Ion: Generational Passage and Civic Myth |journal=Bucknell Review |date=1999 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=67–108 }}</ref> The Oracle at Delphi tells the couple that Ion is Xuthus' son and that Creusa's family should adopt him as Athenian. This makes Creusa so angry she tries to murder her stepson, but she fails. It is at this point the Creusa finds the crib that young Ion slept in and realizes she is his mother.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566228.001.0001 |title=Freudian Mythologies |date=2009 |last1=Bowlby |first1=Rachel |isbn=978-0-19-956622-8 }}{{ | Xuthus was a son of King [[Hellen]] of [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessaly]] and the [[nymph]] [[Orseis]]; and brother of [[Dorus]], [[Aeolus (son of Hellen)|Aeolus]], [[Xenopatra]]<ref>[[Hellanicus of Lesbos|Hellanicus]] in [[scholia]] on [[Plato]], ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' 208 (p. 376)</ref> and probably [[Neonus]]. He had two sons, [[Ion (mythology)|Ion]] and [[Achaeus (son of Xuthus)|Achaeus]],<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.7.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=1:chapter=7&highlight=Xuthus 1.7.3]</ref> and a daughter named [[Diomede]] by [[Creusa of Athens|Creusa]], the [[Athens|Athenian]] daughter of King [[Erechtheus]]. [[Euripides]]'s play, ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'', provided an unusual alternate version, according to which Xuthus was the son of [[Aeolus (son of Hellen)|Aeolus]]<ref>Scholiast on [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' 1.2</ref> and Ion was in fact been begotten on Xuthus's wife Creusa by [[Apollo]]. Xuthus and Creusa visited the [[Pythia|Oracle]] at [[Delphi]] to ask the god if they could hope for a child, at which point they are told they already have a child, Ion, who was father by Apollo and mothered by Creusa, though Creusa had forgotten her son due to the trauma of being raped by Apollo.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|201688748}} |last1=Segal |first1=Charles |title=Eurípides' Ion: Generational Passage and Civic Myth |journal=Bucknell Review |date=1999 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=67–108 }}</ref> The Oracle at Delphi tells the couple that Ion is Xuthus' son and that Creusa's family should adopt him as Athenian. This makes Creusa so angry she tries to murder her stepson, but she fails. It is at this point the Creusa finds the crib that young Ion slept in and realizes she is his mother.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566228.001.0001 |title=Freudian Mythologies |date=2009 |last1=Bowlby |first1=Rachel |isbn=978-0-19-956622-8 }}{{page needed|date=May 2024}}</ref> Despite Ion being adopted, Xuthus is proud to be a father and introduces Ion as his legitimate son to Athens.<ref name=":0" /> Variations of Xuthus' paternity regarding Ion are that he is the true father, that he has been tricked by Apollo and Creusa, or that he has deluded himself into believing he is the father, but the most common version is that told above with the Oracle of Delphi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cole |first1=Spencer |title=Annotated Innovation in Euripides' 'Ion' |journal=The Classical Quarterly |date=2008 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=313–315 |doi=10.1017/S0009838808000268 |jstor=27564144 }}</ref> Xuthus will later father Dorus and Achaeus with Creusa, though Dorus is normally presented as Xuthus's brother.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'' 63</ref> | ||
== Mythology == | == Mythology == | ||
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== Genealogy of Hellenes == | == Genealogy of Hellenes == | ||
{{chart top|'''Genealogy'''<ref>Grimal, [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas0000grim/page/530/mode/2up?view=theater p. 531]; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA702 p. 702].</ref>|collapsed=no}} | {{chart top|'''Genealogy'''<ref>Grimal, [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas0000grim/page/530/mode/2up?view=theater p. 531]; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA702 p. 702].</ref>|collapsed=no}} | ||
{{chart/start}} | {{tree chart/start}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | IAP |y| CLY | IAP = [[Iapetus]] | CLY=[[Clymene (mythology)|Clymene]] }} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | IAP |y| CLY | IAP = [[Iapetus]] | CLY=[[Clymene (mythology)|Clymene]] }} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | PRO | | EPI |y| PAN | PRO=[[Prometheus]] | CLY=[[Clymene (mythology)|Clymene]] | EPI=[[Epimetheus (mythology)|Epimetheus]] | PAN=[[Pandora]]}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | PRO | | EPI |y| PAN | PRO=[[Prometheus]] | CLY=[[Clymene (mythology)|Clymene]] | EPI=[[Epimetheus (mythology)|Epimetheus]] | PAN=[[Pandora]]}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|'|}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|'|}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | DEU |y| PYR | DEU=[[Deucalion]] | PYR=[[Pyrrha]]}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | DEU |y| PYR | DEU=[[Deucalion]] | PYR=[[Pyrrha]]}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|'| | | }} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|'| | | }} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | HEL |y| ORS | HEL=[[Hellen]] |ORS=[[Orseis]]}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | HEL |y| ORS | HEL=[[Hellen]] |ORS=[[Orseis]]}} | ||
{{chart| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }} | {{tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }} | ||
{{chart| | | DOR | | | | | | XUT | | | | | AEO | DOR=[[Dorus]] | XUT='''XUTHUS''' | AEO=[[Aeolus (son of Hellen)|Aeolus]]}} | {{tree chart| | | DOR | | | | | | XUT | | | | | AEO | DOR=[[Dorus]] | XUT='''XUTHUS''' | AEO=[[Aeolus (son of Hellen)|Aeolus]]}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | |!|}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | |!|}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | ACH | | ION | | | |!| AEG=[[Aegimius]] | ACH=[[Achaeus (son of Xuthus)|Achaeus]] | ION = [[Ion (mythology)|Ion]]}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | ACH | | ION | | | |!| AEG=[[Aegimius]] | ACH=[[Achaeus (son of Xuthus)|Achaeus]] | ION = [[Ion (mythology)|Ion]]}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}} | ||
{{chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|.}} | {{tree chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|.}} | ||
{{chart| CRE | | SIS | | ATH | | SAL | | DEI | | MAG | | PER | |!| CRE=[[Cretheus]] | SIS=[[Sisyphus]] | ATH=[[Athamas]] | SAL=[[Salmoneus]] | DEI=Deion | MAG=[[Magnes (son of Aeolus)|Magnes]] | PER=[[Perieres (king of Messenia)|Perieres]] |}} | {{tree chart| CRE | | SIS | | ATH | | SAL | | DEI | | MAG | | PER | |!| CRE=[[Cretheus]] | SIS=[[Sisyphus]] | ATH=[[Athamas]] | SAL=[[Salmoneus]] | DEI=Deion | MAG=[[Magnes (son of Aeolus)|Magnes]] | PER=[[Perieres (king of Messenia)|Perieres]] |}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}} | {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|'|}} | {{tree chart| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|'|}} | ||
{{chart| | | | | CAN | | ALC | | PIS | | CAL | | PER | CAN=[[Canace]] | ALC=[[Alcyone]] | PIS=[[Pisidice]] | CAL=[[Calyce (mythology)|Calyce]] | PER=[[Perimede (mythology)|Perimede]]}} | {{tree chart| | | | | CAN | | ALC | | PIS | | CAL | | PER | CAN=[[Canace]] | ALC=[[Alcyone]] | PIS=[[Pisidice]] | CAL=[[Calyce (mythology)|Calyce]] | PER=[[Perimede (mythology)|Perimede]]}} | ||
{{chart/end}} | {{tree chart/end}} | ||
{{chart bottom}} | {{chart bottom}} | ||
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* Hard, Robin, ''The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"'', Psychology Press, 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-415-18636-0}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC Google Books]. | * Hard, Robin, ''The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"'', Psychology Press, 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-415-18636-0}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC Google Books]. | ||
*[[Hesiod]], ''Catalogue of Women'' from ''Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica'' translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodCatalogues.html Online version at theio.com]. | *[[Hesiod]], ''Catalogue of Women'' from ''Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica'' translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodCatalogues.html Online version at theio.com]. | ||
[[Category:Princes in Greek mythology]] | [[Category:Princes in Greek mythology]] | ||
[[Category:Deucalionids]] | [[Category:Deucalionids]] | ||
Revision as of 09:53, 29 June 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". In Greek mythology, Xuthus (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Langx Xouthos) was a Phthian prince who later became a king of Peloponnesus. He was the founder (through his sons) of the Achaean and Ionian nations.
Etymology
According to the author Robert Graves, Xuthus' name came from the ancient Greek word Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "sparrow".[1]
Family
Xuthus was a son of King Hellen of Thessaly and the nymph Orseis; and brother of Dorus, Aeolus, Xenopatra[2] and probably Neonus. He had two sons, Ion and Achaeus,[3] and a daughter named Diomede by Creusa, the Athenian daughter of King Erechtheus. Euripides's play, Ion, provided an unusual alternate version, according to which Xuthus was the son of Aeolus[4] and Ion was in fact been begotten on Xuthus's wife Creusa by Apollo. Xuthus and Creusa visited the Oracle at Delphi to ask the god if they could hope for a child, at which point they are told they already have a child, Ion, who was father by Apollo and mothered by Creusa, though Creusa had forgotten her son due to the trauma of being raped by Apollo.[5] The Oracle at Delphi tells the couple that Ion is Xuthus' son and that Creusa's family should adopt him as Athenian. This makes Creusa so angry she tries to murder her stepson, but she fails. It is at this point the Creusa finds the crib that young Ion slept in and realizes she is his mother.[6] Despite Ion being adopted, Xuthus is proud to be a father and introduces Ion as his legitimate son to Athens.[5] Variations of Xuthus' paternity regarding Ion are that he is the true father, that he has been tricked by Apollo and Creusa, or that he has deluded himself into believing he is the father, but the most common version is that told above with the Oracle of Delphi.[7] Xuthus will later father Dorus and Achaeus with Creusa, though Dorus is normally presented as Xuthus's brother.[8]
Mythology
According to the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women on the origin of the Greeks, Hellen's three sons Dorus, Xuthus (with his sons Ion and Achaeus) and Aeolus, comprised the set of progenitors of the major ancient tribes that formed the Greek nation.[9]
Genealogy of Hellenes
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Notes
References
- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Euripides, The Complete Greek Drama, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill, Jr. in two volumes. 1. Ion, translated by Robert Potter. New York. Random House. 1938. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Euripides, Euripidis Fabulae. vol. 2. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition. Penguin Books Limited. 2017. Template:ISBN.
- Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. Template:ISBN. Internet Archive.
- Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004. Template:ISBN. Google Books.
- Hesiod, Catalogue of Women from Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. Online version at theio.com.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Hellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium 208 (p. 376)
- ↑ Apollodorus, 1.7.3
- ↑ Scholiast on Homer, Iliad 1.2
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Euripides, Ion 63
- ↑ Hesiod, Ehoiai 9, 10(a)