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{{About year|1446}}
{{About year|1446}}
[[File:Thuróczy krónika - Hunyadi János.jpg|250px|thumb|[[June 6]]: [[John Hunyadi]] is proclaimed as Regent of Hungary]]
{{Year nav|1446}}
{{Year nav|1446}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1446''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXLVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1446''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXLVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
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=== January–March ===
=== January–March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; (5th waxing of [[Tabodwe]] [[Burmese calendar|807 ME]]) At the city of [[Taungoo]] in what is now [[Myanmar]], 14-year-old [[Minkhaung I of Toungoo|Minkhaung I]] becomes the new [[List of rulers of Toungoo|Viceroy of Toungoo]], a semi-independent vassal state of the [[Kingdom of Ava]], ruled by King [[Narapati I of Ava]]. Minkhaung's ascension comes hours after the sudden death of his father, [[Tarabya of Toungoo|the Viceroy Tarabya]]. <ref>{{cite book |last=Sein Lwin Lay |first=Kahtika U |title=Mintaya Shwe Hti and Bayinnaung: Ketumadi Taungoo Yazawin |language=Burmese |location=Yangon | publisher=Yan Aung Sarpay |orig-year=1968 | year=2006 |pages=31–32 |edition=2nd printing}}</ref>
* [[January 2]] &ndash; (5th waxing of [[Tabodwe]] [[Burmese calendar|807 ME]]) At the city of [[Taungoo]] in what is now [[Myanmar]], 14-year-old [[Minkhaung I of Toungoo|Minkhaung I]] becomes the new [[List of rulers of Toungoo|Viceroy of Toungoo]], a semi-independent vassal state of the [[Kingdom of Ava]], ruled by King [[Narapati I of Ava]]. Minkhaung's ascension comes hours after the sudden death of his father, [[Tarabya of Toungoo|the Viceroy Tarabya]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sein Lwin Lay |first=Kahtika U |title=Mintaya Shwe Hti and Bayinnaung: Ketumadi Taungoo Yazawin |language=Burmese |location=Yangon | publisher=Yan Aung Sarpay |orig-year=1968 | year=2006 |pages=31–32 |edition=2nd printing}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; On his 14th birthday, [[Afonso V of Portugal|Afonso V]] is acclaimed as [[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]], with full power to govern the kingdom, although his uncle, [[Pedro, Duke of Coimbra]] continues to operateas [[regent]]. Afonso had succeeded to the throne in 1438 upon the death of his father, King Duarte I.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Portugal |first=H.V. |last=Livermore |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.152869|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1947|page=201}}</ref>   
* [[January 15]] &ndash; On his 14th birthday, [[Afonso V of Portugal|Afonso V]] is acclaimed as [[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]], with full power to govern the kingdom, although his uncle, [[Pedro, Duke of Coimbra]] continues to operateas [[regent]]. Afonso had succeeded to the throne in 1438 upon the death of his father, King Duarte I.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Portugal |first=H.V. |last=Livermore |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.152869|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1947|page=201}}</ref>   
* [[January 24]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Arbroath]] takes place in [[Scotland]] as the monks of the Abbey of Arbroath dismiss [[Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford|Alexander Lindsay]], son of the [[David Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Crawford|Earl of Crawford]], from the position of Bailie of the Regality, and replace him with Alexander Ogilvy, Baron of Inverquharity. Lindsay attacks the abbey with fellow members of his own Clan Lindsay and the assistance of Clan Hamilton, while Ogilvy is supported by Clan Oliphant, Clan Seton, Clan Gordon and Clan Forbes. The Earl of Crawford, seeking to avert the battle, rides his horse to the battlefield in hopes of conferring with Ogilvy, but is killed by a member of Ogilvy's infantry. In the battle that follows, Clan Lindsay prevails and Ogilvy is killed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hay |first1=George |title=History of Arbroath to the Present Time: With Notices of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Neighbouring District |date=1876 |publisher=T. Buncle |location=Arbroath, Scotland |pages=64–68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TS4vAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67}}</ref>   
* [[January 24]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Arbroath]] takes place in [[Scotland]] as the monks of the Abbey of Arbroath dismiss [[Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford|Alexander Lindsay]], son of the [[David Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Crawford|Earl of Crawford]], from the position of Bailie of the Regality, and replace him with Alexander Ogilvy, Baron of Inverquharity. Lindsay attacks the abbey with fellow members of his own Clan Lindsay and the assistance of Clan Hamilton, while Ogilvy is supported by Clan Oliphant, Clan Seton, Clan Gordon and Clan Forbes. The Earl of Crawford, seeking to avert the battle, rides his horse to the battlefield in hopes of conferring with Ogilvy, but is killed by a member of Ogilvy's infantry. In the battle that follows, Clan Lindsay prevails and Ogilvy is killed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hay |first1=George |title=History of Arbroath to the Present Time: With Notices of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Neighbouring District |date=1876 |publisher=T. Buncle |location=Arbroath, Scotland |pages=64–68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TS4vAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67}}</ref>   
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily II]], the [[Grand Prince of Moscow]] and ruler of much of Russia, is kidnapped from Trinity Monastery the [[Kremlin]] by allies of his cousin, [[Dmitry Shemyaka]]. Four days later ([[February 16]]), the conspirators tear out the eyes of Grand Prince Vasily and send him into exile at Uglich with his wife.<ref>John Abbott, ''The Empire of Russia: From the Remotest Periods to the Present Time'' (PitRes, 2018) ISBN:9785041451011</ref><ref>John L. Fennell, ''A History of the Russian Church to 1488'' (Taylor & Francis, 2014) ISBN 9781317897194</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily II]], the [[Grand Prince of Moscow]] and ruler of much of Russia, is kidnapped from Trinity Monastery the [[Kremlin]] by allies of his cousin, [[Dmitry Shemyaka]]. Four days later ([[February 16]]), the conspirators tear out the eyes of Grand Prince Vasily and send him into exile at Uglich with his wife.<ref>John Abbott, ''The Empire of Russia: From the Remotest Periods to the Present Time'' (PitRes, 2018) {{ISBN|9785041451011}}</ref><ref>John L. Fennell, ''A History of the Russian Church to 1488'' (Taylor & Francis, 2014) {{ISBN|9781317897194}}</ref>
* [[March 6]] &ndash; The [[:de:Schlacht bei Ragaz|Battle of Ragaz]] marks the last military conflict of the [[Old Zurich War]] between the [[Swiss Confederacy]] and the [[Habsburgs]], as 1,200 soldiers of the Confederation defeat the Austrian army, commanded by [[:de:Hans von Rechberg|Hans von Rechberg]] and [[:de:Wolfhart V. von Brandis|Wolfhart V. von Brandis]], the Habsburg bailiff of [[Feldkirch, Vorarlberg|Feldkirch]]. Among other things, the banners of the lords of Brandis are lost to the confederates and later transferred to the church in Sarnen. According to contemporary accounts, around 900 men from the Habsburg army and around 100 men from the Swiss army fell in the battle.<ref name=:0>Peter Niederhäuser and Christian Sieber, ''Ein "Bruderkrieg" macht Geschichte: Neue Zugänge zum Alten Zürichkrieg'' (A "Brotherly War" Makes History: New Approaches to the Old Zurich War) (Zurich: Chronos Verlag 2006) ISBN 978-3-0340-0755-9</ref>
* [[March 6]] &ndash; The [[:de:Schlacht bei Ragaz|Battle of Ragaz]] marks the last military conflict of the [[Old Zurich War]] between the [[Swiss Confederacy]] and the [[Habsburgs]], as 1,200 soldiers of the Confederation defeat the Austrian army, commanded by [[:de:Hans von Rechberg|Hans von Rechberg]] and [[:de:Wolfhart V. von Brandis|Wolfhart V. von Brandis]], the Habsburg bailiff of [[Feldkirch, Vorarlberg|Feldkirch]]. Among other things, the banners of the lords of Brandis are lost to the confederates and later transferred to the church in Sarnen. According to contemporary accounts, around 900 men from the Habsburg army and around 100 men from the Swiss army fell in the battle.<ref name=":0">Peter Niederhäuser and Christian Sieber, ''Ein "Bruderkrieg" macht Geschichte: Neue Zugänge zum Alten Zürichkrieg'' (A "Brotherly War" Makes History: New Approaches to the Old Zurich War) (Zurich: Chronos Verlag 2006) {{ISBN|978-3-0340-0755-9}}</ref>
* [[March 21]] &ndash; In the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in [[Germany]], the Electors of Cologne, Trier, Mainz, and the Palatinate, along with representatives of the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg, assemble at [[Frankfurt-am-Main]] and create a mutural defense alliance to resist Pope Eugene IV.<ref name=Stieber>Joachim W. Stieber, ''Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire'' (Brill, 2022) pp.277-278, 292 ISBN 9789004477346</ref>
* [[March 21]] &ndash; In the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in [[Germany]], the Electors of Cologne, Trier, Mainz, and the Palatinate, along with representatives of the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg, assemble at [[Frankfurt-am-Main]] and create a mutural defense alliance to resist Pope Eugene IV.<ref name=Stieber>Joachim W. Stieber, ''Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire'' (Brill, 2022) pp.277–278, 292 {{ISBN|9789004477346}}</ref>


=== April&ndash;June ===
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 7]] &ndash; In England, [[Thomas de Ashton (alchemist)|Thomas de Ashton]] and [[De Trafford baronets#Background|Edmund de Trafford]], both knights of [[Lancashire]], are granted special dispensation by King Henry VI to use their research in [[alchemy]] to [[Chrysopoeia|transmute]] substances into [[precious metal]]s.<ref>{{Cite DNB|wstitle=Ashton, Thomas de (fl.1446)}}</ref>  
* [[April 7]] &ndash; In England, [[Thomas de Ashton (alchemist)|Thomas de Ashton]] and [[De Trafford baronets#Background|Edmund de Trafford]], both knights of [[Lancashire]], are granted special dispensation by King Henry VI to use their research in [[alchemy]] to [[Chrysopoeia|transmute]] substances into [[precious metal]]s.<ref>{{Cite DNB|wstitle=Ashton, Thomas de (fl.1446)}}</ref>  
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Queen Soheon]] of Joseon, Queen consort of [[Sejong the Great|King Sejong of Korea]], dies 27 years after her husband first assended the throne. King Sejong spends the remaining four years of his life in mourning and becomes a vegetarian.
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Queen Soheon]] of Joseon, Queen consort of [[Sejong the Great|King Sejong of Korea]], dies 27 years after her husband first assended the throne. King Sejong spends the remaining four years of his life in mourning and becomes a vegetarian.
* [[May 2]] &ndash; (5 [[Safar]] [[Islamic calendar|849 AH]]) Sultan Muhammad of the Timurid Empire in [[Iran]] arrives in [[Isfahan]] and forces out a disloyal governor, Sa'adat, then declares an amnesty on taxes, stages a feast and celebration, and appoints Shah Ala' al-Din Naqib as the new governor. <ref>Beatrice Forbes Manz, ''Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007) p.255, ISBN 9781139462846</ref>   
* [[May 2]] &ndash; (5 [[Safar]] [[Islamic calendar|849 AH]]) Sultan Muhammad of the Timurid Empire in [[Iran]] arrives in [[Isfahan]] and forces out a disloyal governor, Sa'adat, then declares an amnesty on taxes, stages a feast and celebration, and appoints Shah Ala' al-Din Naqib as the new governor.<ref>Beatrice Forbes Manz, ''Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007) p.255, {{ISBN|9781139462846}}</ref>   
* [[May 24]] &ndash; In what is now the state of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]], Prince [[Mallikarjuna Raya]] becomes the new [[List of Vijayanagara emperors|Emperor of Vijayanagara]] upon the death of his father, [[Deva Raya II]], and takes the name of Emperor Deva Raya III.<ref>{{Cite journal |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145214|last=Lakshmi|first=Kumari Jhansi|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1958|volume=21 |pages=290–297 |title=The Chronology of the Sangama Dynasty|jstor=44145214 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher=Kitabistam,Allahabad| title=Full text of "Historical Inscriptions Of Southern India" | website=Internet Archive | date=23 October 2016 | url=https://archive.org/stream/historicalinscri035270mbp/historicalinscri035270mbp_djvu.txt | access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref>
* [[May 24]] &ndash; In what is now the state of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]], Prince [[Mallikarjuna Raya]] becomes the new [[List of Vijayanagara emperors|Emperor of Vijayanagara]] upon the death of his father, [[Deva Raya II]], and takes the name of Emperor Deva Raya III.<ref>{{Cite journal |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145214|last=Lakshmi|first=Kumari Jhansi|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1958|volume=21 |pages=290–297 |title=The Chronology of the Sangama Dynasty|jstor=44145214 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher=Kitabistam,Allahabad| title=Full text of "Historical Inscriptions Of Southern India" | website=Internet Archive | date=23 October 2016 | url=https://archive.org/stream/historicalinscri035270mbp/historicalinscri035270mbp_djvu.txt | access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[John Hunyadi]] is proclaimed regent of Hungary during the minority of [[Ladislaus V|King Ladislaus the Posthumous]], with the title ''Regni Gubernator''. His election is primarily promoted by the lesser nobility, but Hunyadi has by this time become one of the richest barons of the kingdom. His domains cover an area exceeding 800,000 hectares (2,000,000 acres).<ref>Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN 973-9432-18-2, 127-128.</ref> Hunyadi is one of the few contemporaneous barons who has spent a significant part of their revenues to finance the wars against the Ottomans, thus bearing a large share of the cost of fighting for many years.<ref>Makkai, László (1994). "The Three Nations of Transylvania (1360–1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. ISBN 963-05-6703-2.</ref>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[John Hunyadi]] is proclaimed regent of Hungary during the minority of [[Ladislaus V|King Ladislaus the Posthumous]], with the title ''Regni Gubernator''. His election is primarily promoted by the lesser nobility, but Hunyadi has by this time become one of the richest barons of the kingdom. His domains cover an area exceeding 800,000 hectares (2,000,000 acres).<ref>Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. {{ISBN|973-9432-18-2}}, 127–128.</ref> Hunyadi is one of the few contemporaneous barons who has spent a significant part of their revenues to finance the wars against the Ottomans, thus bearing a large share of the cost of fighting for many years.<ref>Makkai, László (1994). "The Three Nations of Transylvania (1360–1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. {{ISBN|963-05-6703-2}}.</ref>
* [[June 8]] &ndash; After a siege of seven months, [[Baghdad]] is captured by the Sultan [[Jahan Shah]] of [[Qara Qoyunlu]], whose forces move into what is now [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Minorsky |first=V. |date=1954 |title=Jihān-Shāh Qara-Qoyunlu and His Poetry (Turkmenica, 9) |jstor=609169 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=275 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x00105981|s2cid=154352923}}</ref>
* [[June 8]] &ndash; After a siege of seven months, [[Baghdad]] is captured by the Sultan [[Jahan Shah]] of [[Qara Qoyunlu]], whose forces move into what is now [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Minorsky |first=V. |date=1954 |title=Jihān-Shāh Qara-Qoyunlu and His Poetry (Turkmenica, 9) |jstor=609169 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=275 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x00105981|s2cid=154352923}}</ref>
* [[June 12]]  &ndash; An  armistice between [[Duchy of Austria]] and the [[Swiss Confederation]] comes into force, ending the [[Old Zurich War]].<ref name=":0" />
* [[June 12]]  &ndash; An  armistice between [[Duchy of Austria]] and the [[Swiss Confederation]] comes into force, ending the [[Old Zurich War]].<ref name=":0" />
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Lidköping]] gets its [[charter]], and thus qualifies as one of the now defunct [[Cities of Sweden]].
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Lidköping]] gets its [[charter]], and thus qualifies as one of the now defunct [[Cities of Sweden]].
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Gilles of Brittany|Gilles de Bretagne]], the brother of [[Francis I, Duke of Brittany|Francois I]], [[List of rulers of Brittany|Duke of Brittany]], is arrested after allowing agents of King [[Charles VII of France]] to enter his home, [[:fr:Château du Guildo|Château du Guildo]]. He is eventually murdered while in custody at La Harduinaie.<ref>Lauren Johnson, ''The Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI'' (Pegasus Books, 2019) ISBN 9781643131658</ref>
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Gilles of Brittany|Gilles de Bretagne]], the brother of [[Francis I, Duke of Brittany|Francois I]], [[List of rulers of Brittany|Duke of Brittany]], is arrested after allowing agents of King [[Charles VII of France]] to enter his home, [[:fr:Château du Guildo|Château du Guildo]]. He is eventually murdered while in custody at La Harduinaie.<ref>Lauren Johnson, ''The Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI'' (Pegasus Books, 2019) {{ISBN|9781643131658}}</ref>


=== July&ndash;September ===
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 28]] &ndash; The compilation of the [[Alfonsine Ordinances]], the first codification of the laws of the Kingdom of Portugal, is completed by [[:pt:Rui Fernandes|Rui Fernandes of Almada]] and given to [[Peter, Duke of Coimbra|Dom Pedro de Coimbra]], the regent for [[Afonso V of Portugal|King Afonso V]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herzog |first=Benjamin |title=Anwendung und Auslegung von Recht in Portugal und Brasilien |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |year=2014 |page=257 |series=Rechtsvergleichung und Rechtsvereinheitlichung |volume=26 |language=de |trans-title=Application and Interpretation of the Law in Portugal and Brazil. A Comparative Legal Examination from a Genetic, Functional and Post-modern Perspective |doi=10.1628/978-3-16-160932-9|isbn=978-3-16-160932-9 }}</ref>
* [[July 28]] &ndash; The compilation of the [[Alfonsine Ordinances]], the first codification of the laws of the Kingdom of Portugal, is completed by [[:pt:Rui Fernandes|Rui Fernandes of Almada]] and given to [[Peter, Duke of Coimbra|Dom Pedro de Coimbra]], the regent for [[Afonso V of Portugal|King Afonso V]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herzog |first=Benjamin |title=Anwendung und Auslegung von Recht in Portugal und Brasilien |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |year=2014 |page=257 |series=Rechtsvergleichung und Rechtsvereinheitlichung |volume=26 |language=de |trans-title=Application and Interpretation of the Law in Portugal and Brazil. A Comparative Legal Examination from a Genetic, Functional and Post-modern Perspective |doi=10.1628/978-3-16-160932-9|isbn=978-3-16-160932-9 }}</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; After many years of fruitless negotiations between [[Christopher of Bavaria]] and [[Eric of Pomerania]], a Swedish war march to [[Gotland]] is launched in the early summer of 1446. King Christopher comes with a force to the island and on an open field in [[Västergarn]] with crossbowmen at gunpoint behind each monarch's back; regular peace negotiations take place.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15392|title=Erik av Pommern|publisher=Svenskt biografiskt lexikon|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; After many years of fruitless negotiations between [[Christopher of Bavaria]] and [[Eric of Pomerania]], a Swedish war march to [[Gotland]] is launched in the early summer of 1446. King Christopher comes with a force to the island and on an open field in [[Västergarn]] with crossbowmen at gunpoint behind each monarch's back; regular peace negotiations take place.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15392|title=Erik av Pommern|publisher=Svenskt biografiskt lexikon|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[August]] &ndash;  [[Christopher of Bavaria]] undertakes a fruitless military campaign against Gotland to end [[Eric of Pomerania]]'s piracy.<ref name=:1>http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=2811, read on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)</ref><ref>[https://runeberg.org/nfbp/0215.html] on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)</ref>
* [[August]] &ndash;  [[Christopher of Bavaria]] undertakes a fruitless military campaign against Gotland to end [[Eric of Pomerania]]'s piracy.<ref name=":1">http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=2811, read on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)</ref><ref>[https://runeberg.org/nfbp/0215.html Lidköping] on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Otonetë]]: [[Skanderbeg]] defeats the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Albanische Forschungen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-lppAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=O. Harrassowitz|isbn=978-3-87828-106-1|page=110|language=de}}</ref><ref>Francione, Gennaro (2006) [2003]. Aliaj, Donika (ed.). Skënderbeu, një hero modern : (Hero multimedial) [Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)] (in Albanian). Translated by Tasim Aliaj. Tiranë, Albania: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri". ISBN 99927-38-75-8.</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Otonetë]]: [[Skanderbeg]] defeats the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Albanische Forschungen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-lppAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=O. Harrassowitz|isbn=978-3-87828-106-1|page=110|language=de}}</ref><ref>Francione, Gennaro (2006) [2003]. Aliaj, Donika (ed.). Skënderbeu, një hero modern : (Hero multimedial) [Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)] (in Albanian). Translated by Tasim Aliaj. Tiranë, Albania: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri". {{ISBN|99927-38-75-8}}.</ref>


=== October&ndash;December ===
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; The compromise proposed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III with Pope Eugene IV is publicly endorsed by the Elector of Mainz, the Elector of Brandenburg, the Margrave of Ansbach, the Margrave Jakob I of Baden, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, the Archbishop of Salzburg, the and the Bishops of Augsburg, Chiemsee, Bamberg, Passau, Constanz and Chur.<ref name=Stieber/>
* [[October 5]] &ndash; The compromise proposed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III with Pope Eugene IV is publicly endorsed by the Elector of Mainz, the Elector of Brandenburg, the Margrave of Ansbach, the Margrave Jakob I of Baden, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, the Archbishop of Salzburg, the and the Bishops of Augsburg, Chiemsee, Bamberg, Passau, Constanz and Chur.<ref name=Stieber/>
* [[October 9]] &ndash; The [[hangul]] alphabet is proclaimed in [[Korea]], by King [[Sejong the Great]]. The ''[[Hunmin Jeongeum]]'', published during the year, is considered the start of this brand new scientific writing system.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/10/archives/abc-isnt-simple-as-abc-in-korea-alphabet-on-525th-birthday-both.html "A.B.C. Isn't Simple as A.B.C. in Korea— Alphabet on 525th Birthday, Both Hailed and Assailed"], ''The New York Times'', October 10, 1971, p. 8</ref><ref>"Writing systems", by Richard Sproat, in ''The Oxford History of Phonology'' (Oxford University Press, 2022) ISBN 9780192516909,</ref>
* [[October 9]] &ndash; The [[hangul]] alphabet is proclaimed in [[Korea]], by King [[Sejong the Great]]. The ''[[Hunmin Jeongeum]]'', published during the year, is considered the start of this brand new scientific writing system.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/10/archives/abc-isnt-simple-as-abc-in-korea-alphabet-on-525th-birthday-both.html "A.B.C. Isn't Simple as A.B.C. in Korea— Alphabet on 525th Birthday, Both Hailed and Assailed"], ''The New York Times'', October 10, 1971, p. 8</ref><ref>"Writing systems", by Richard Sproat, in ''The Oxford History of Phonology'' (Oxford University Press, 2022) {{ISBN|9780192516909}},</ref>
* [[October 10]] &ndash; An earthquake occurs in [[Moscow]] but causes little damage <ref>Jan Kozák and Roger M. W. Musson, ''The Illustrated History of the Elements: Earth, Water, Air, Fire'' (Springer International, 2020) p.13</ref>
* [[October 10]] &ndash; An earthquake occurs in [[Moscow]] but causes little damage <ref>Jan Kozák and Roger M. W. Musson, ''The Illustrated History of the Elements: Earth, Water, Air, Fire'' (Springer International, 2020) p.13</ref>
* [[October 11]] &ndash; In what is now the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Mahmud Khalji]], [[Malwa Sultanate|Sultan of Malwa]] attempts to cross the Banas River to invade [[Mandalgarh]] in what is now the state of [[Rajasthan]], but he and his armies are driven back by the forces of the Rana [[Rana Kumbha|Kumbhakaran Singh]], ruler of the [[List of Ranas of Mewar|Kingdom of Mewar]].<ref>R. V. Somani, ''Maharana Kumbha and His Times'' (Jaipur Publishing House, 1995) p.85.</ref>   
* [[October 11]] &ndash; In what is now the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Mahmud Khalji]], [[Malwa Sultanate|Sultan of Malwa]] attempts to cross the Banas River to invade [[Mandalgarh]] in what is now the state of [[Rajasthan]], but he and his armies are driven back by the forces of the Rana [[Rana Kumbha|Kumbhakaran Singh]], ruler of the [[List of Ranas of Mewar|Kingdom of Mewar]].<ref>R. V. Somani, ''Maharana Kumbha and His Times'' (Jaipur Publishing House, 1995) p.85.</ref>   
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Murad II]], who recently became the Sultan of the [[Ottoman Empire]] after his son [[Mehmed II]] was forced by the [[Janissaries]] to abdicate, <ref>Erhan Afyoncu, (2009), Truvanın İntikamı (ISBN 978-605-4052-11-0), p. 2, (In Turkish)</ref>, invades Attica, forcing [[Constantine XI]] to return [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] to the duchy of Athens,<ref>Nicol, Donald M. (1992). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-58369-8.</ref> and remove the tribute imposed in [[1444]]. [[Murad II]] imposes his own tribute.
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Murad II]], who recently became the Sultan of the [[Ottoman Empire]] after his son [[Mehmed II]] was forced by the [[Janissaries]] to abdicate,<ref>Erhan Afyoncu, (2009), Truvanın İntikamı ({{ISBN|978-605-4052-11-0}}), p. 2, (In Turkish)</ref> invades Attica, forcing [[Constantine XI]] to return [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] to the duchy of Athens,<ref>Nicol, Donald M. (1992). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-511-58369-8}}.</ref> and remove the tribute imposed in [[1444]]. [[Murad II]] imposes his own tribute.
* [[November 13]] &ndash; In Italy, [[Sante Bentivoglio]], who had recently been "working in the wool industry in Florence under another name" <ref>Commentary by Quentin Skinner and Russell Price to ''The Prince'', by Niccolo Mahiavelli (Cambridge University Press, 2019) p.119 until he was disovered to have been the illegitimate son of Eccole Bentivoglio p.119</ref> becomes the ruler of [[Bologna]] at age 20 when he is named as guardian of the young child of the recently-assassinated [[Annibale I Bentivoglio]]<ref>"Libertas, Oligarchy, Papcy: Government in the Quattrocento", by Tommaso Duranti, in ''A Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Bologna'', ed. by Sarah R. Blanshei (Brill, 2017) p.273</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; In Italy, [[Sante Bentivoglio]], who had recently been "working in the wool industry in Florence under another name" <ref>Commentary by Quentin Skinner and Russell Price to ''The Prince'', by Niccolo Mahiavelli (Cambridge University Press, 2019) p.119 until he was disovered to have been the illegitimate son of Eccole Bentivoglio p.119</ref> becomes the ruler of [[Bologna]] at age 20 when he is named as guardian of the young child of the recently-assassinated [[Annibale I Bentivoglio]]<ref>"Libertas, Oligarchy, Papcy: Government in the Quattrocento", by Tommaso Duranti, in ''A Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Bologna'', ed. by Sarah R. Blanshei (Brill, 2017) p.273</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; After hesitating for several weeks, Sultan [[Murad II]], of the [[Ottoman Empire]], destroys the [[Hexamilion wall]], in an assault that includes [[cannon]]s. Murad and the Ottoman governor of [[Thessaly]], [[Turakhan Beg]], ravage the [[Peloponnese]] Peninsula at will, with the Sultan devastating the northern shore, while [[Glarentza]] and Turakhan raid in the interior. The [[Despotate of the Morea]] is turned into an Ottoman [[vassal]] state.<ref>{{citation |title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century |last=Setton |first=Kenneth M. |year=1978 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Sz2VYI0l1IC |isbn=0-87169-127-2 | pages = 96–97}}</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; After hesitating for several weeks, Sultan [[Murad II]], of the [[Ottoman Empire]], destroys the [[Hexamilion wall]], in an assault that includes [[cannon]]s. Murad and the Ottoman governor of [[Thessaly]], [[Turakhan Beg]], ravage the [[Peloponnese]] Peninsula at will, with the Sultan devastating the northern shore, while [[Glarentza]] and Turakhan raid in the interior. The [[Despotate of the Morea]] is turned into an Ottoman [[vassal]] state.<ref>{{citation |title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century |last=Setton |first=Kenneth M. |year=1978 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Sz2VYI0l1IC |isbn=0-87169-127-2 | pages = 96–97}}</ref>
* [[December 14]] &ndash; King Henry VI summons the English Parliament to assemble at Cambridge on February 10.<ref>David Grummitt, ''Henry VI'' (Routledge, 2015) ISBN 9781317482598</ref>
* [[December 14]] &ndash; King Henry VI summons the English Parliament to assemble at Cambridge on February 10.<ref>David Grummitt, ''Henry VI'' (Routledge, 2015) {{ISBN|9781317482598}}</ref>
* [[December 23]] &ndash; On their way back to England after a pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]], the 37 pilgrims on the ship ''Cog Anne'' are killed when the vessel strikes a rock near the port of [[Methoni, Messenia|Modon]] in [[Greece]].<ref>Ian Friel, ''Britain and the Ocean Road: Shipwrecks & People, 1297–1825'' (Pen & Sword Books, 2020) p.17 ISBN 9781526738394</ref>
* [[December 23]] &ndash; On their way back to England after a pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]], the 37 pilgrims on the ship ''Cog Anne'' are killed when the vessel strikes a rock near the port of [[Methoni, Messenia|Modon]] in [[Greece]].<ref>Ian Friel, ''Britain and the Ocean Road: Shipwrecks & People, 1297–1825'' (Pen & Sword Books, 2020) p.17 {{ISBN|9781526738394}}</ref>
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset|Edmund Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset]], is appointed as last Governor of English-occupied France.<ref>William E. Baumgaertner, ''A Time-Line of Fifteenth Century England - 1398 to 1509'' (Trafford Publishing, 2009) ISBN 9781426906381</ref>
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset|Edmund Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset]], is appointed as last Governor of English-occupied France.<ref>William E. Baumgaertner, ''A Time-Line of Fifteenth Century England - 1398 to 1509'' (Trafford Publishing, 2009) {{ISBN|9781426906381}}</ref>


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Nuno Tristão]] is killed by natives on the coast of [[Senegal]].<ref>Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique or Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné. [Trans. 1896–99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, London: Halykut]</ref>
* [[Nuno Tristão]] is killed by natives on the coast of [[Senegal]].<ref>Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique or Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné. [Trans. 1896–99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, London: Halykut]</ref>
* [[Portugal|Portuguese]] navigator [[Álvaro Fernandes]] reaches the mouth of the [[Casamance River]] in [[Senegal]].<ref>Teixeira da Mota, Avelino (1946) "A descoberta da Guiné", Boletim cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, Vol. 1. Part 1 in No. 1 (Jan), p. 11-68, Pt. 2 in No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326; Pt. 3 in No. 3 (Jul), p. 457-509.</ref>
* [[Portugal|Portuguese]] navigator [[Álvaro Fernandes]] reaches the mouth of the [[Casamance River]] in [[Senegal]].<ref>Teixeira da Mota, Avelino (1946) "A descoberta da Guiné", Boletim cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, Vol. 1. Part 1 in No. 1 (Jan), p. 11-68, Pt. 2 in No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326; Pt. 3 in No. 3 (Jul), p. 457–509.</ref>
* The [[Precious Belt Bridge]] in China is fully reconstructed.<ref>Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd, 174.</ref>
* The [[Precious Belt Bridge]] in China is fully reconstructed.<ref>Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd, 174.</ref>
* In [[Italy]], the siege of [[Cremona]], by the [[condottieri]] troops of Francesco Piccinino and Luigi dal Verme, is raised after the arrival of [[Scaramuccia da Forlì]].<ref>Block, Wolfgang (1913). Die condottieri. Berlin.</ref>
* In [[Italy]], the siege of [[Cremona]], by the [[condottieri]] troops of Francesco Piccinino and Luigi dal Verme, is raised after the arrival of [[Scaramuccia da Forlì]].<ref>Block, Wolfgang (1913). Die condottieri. Berlin.</ref>
* The [[Blarney Stone]] is set into a tower of [[Blarney Castle]] in [[Blarney]], [[County Cork]] in [[Ireland]].<ref>Samuel, Mark; Hamlyn, Kate (2007). Blarney Castle: Its History, Development and Purpose. Cork University. ISBN 978-1-85918-411-0.</ref>
* The [[Blarney Stone]] is set into a tower of [[Blarney Castle]] in [[Blarney]], [[County Cork]] in [[Ireland]].<ref>Samuel, Mark; Hamlyn, Kate (2007). Blarney Castle: Its History, Development and Purpose. Cork University. {{ISBN|978-1-85918-411-0}}.</ref>
</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>
*Another league is formed to counter the [[House of Sforza]].
*Another league is formed to counter the [[House of Sforza]].

Revision as of 05:15, 1 July 2025

Template:About year

File:Thuróczy krónika - Hunyadi János.jpg
June 6: John Hunyadi is proclaimed as Regent of Hungary

Template:Year nav Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1446 (MCDXLVI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Deaths

References

Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ John Abbott, The Empire of Russia: From the Remotest Periods to the Present Time (PitRes, 2018) Template:ISBN
  5. ↑ John L. Fennell, A History of the Russian Church to 1488 (Taylor & Francis, 2014) Template:ISBN
  6. ↑ a b Peter Niederhäuser and Christian Sieber, Ein "Bruderkrieg" macht Geschichte: Neue Zugänge zum Alten Zürichkrieg (A "Brotherly War" Makes History: New Approaches to the Old Zurich War) (Zurich: Chronos Verlag 2006) Template:ISBN
  7. ↑ a b Joachim W. Stieber, Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire (Brill, 2022) pp.277–278, 292 Template:ISBN
  8. ↑ Template:Cite DNB
  9. ↑ Beatrice Forbes Manz, Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran (Cambridge University Press, 2007) p.255, Template:ISBN
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. Template:ISBN, 127–128.
  13. ↑ Makkai, László (1994). "The Three Nations of Transylvania (1360–1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. Template:ISBN.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Lauren Johnson, The Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI (Pegasus Books, 2019) Template:ISBN
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=2811, read on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Lidköping on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Francione, Gennaro (2006) [2003]. Aliaj, Donika (ed.). Skënderbeu, një hero modern : (Hero multimedial) [Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)] (in Albanian). Translated by Tasim Aliaj. Tiranë, Albania: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri". Template:ISBN.
  22. ↑ "A.B.C. Isn't Simple as A.B.C. in Korea— Alphabet on 525th Birthday, Both Hailed and Assailed", The New York Times, October 10, 1971, p. 8
  23. ↑ "Writing systems", by Richard Sproat, in The Oxford History of Phonology (Oxford University Press, 2022) Template:ISBN,
  24. ↑ Jan Kozák and Roger M. W. Musson, The Illustrated History of the Elements: Earth, Water, Air, Fire (Springer International, 2020) p.13
  25. ↑ R. V. Somani, Maharana Kumbha and His Times (Jaipur Publishing House, 1995) p.85.
  26. ↑ Erhan Afyoncu, (2009), Truvanın İntikamı (Template:ISBN), p. 2, (In Turkish)
  27. ↑ Nicol, Donald M. (1992). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.
  28. ↑ Commentary by Quentin Skinner and Russell Price to The Prince, by Niccolo Mahiavelli (Cambridge University Press, 2019) p.119 until he was disovered to have been the illegitimate son of Eccole Bentivoglio p.119
  29. ↑ "Libertas, Oligarchy, Papcy: Government in the Quattrocento", by Tommaso Duranti, in A Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Bologna, ed. by Sarah R. Blanshei (Brill, 2017) p.273
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ David Grummitt, Henry VI (Routledge, 2015) Template:ISBN
  32. ↑ Ian Friel, Britain and the Ocean Road: Shipwrecks & People, 1297–1825 (Pen & Sword Books, 2020) p.17 Template:ISBN
  33. ↑ William E. Baumgaertner, A Time-Line of Fifteenth Century England - 1398 to 1509 (Trafford Publishing, 2009) Template:ISBN
  34. ↑ Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique or Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné. [Trans. 1896–99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, London: Halykut]
  35. ↑ Teixeira da Mota, Avelino (1946) "A descoberta da Guiné", Boletim cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, Vol. 1. Part 1 in No. 1 (Jan), p. 11-68, Pt. 2 in No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326; Pt. 3 in No. 3 (Jul), p. 457–509.
  36. ↑ Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd, 174.
  37. ↑ Block, Wolfgang (1913). Die condottieri. Berlin.
  38. ↑ Samuel, Mark; Hamlyn, Kate (2007). Blarney Castle: Its History, Development and Purpose. Cork University. Template:ISBN.
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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