OODA loop: Difference between revisions
→The OODA loop: plan–do–check–act , syntax |
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* {{cite web |last=Greene |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Greene (American author) |date=24 February 2007 |title=OODA and You |url=https://powerseductionandwar.com/ooda-and-you/ |website=powerseductionandwar.com}} | * {{cite web |last=Greene |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Greene (American author) |date=24 February 2007 |title=OODA and You |url=https://powerseductionandwar.com/ooda-and-you/ |website=powerseductionandwar.com}} | ||
* {{cite magazine |last=Hillaker |first=Harry |author-link=Harry Hillaker |date=July 1997 |title=Tribute To John R. Boyd |magazine=Code One Magazine |url=https://www.codeonemagazine.com/article.html?item_id=156 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917232626/http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/1997/articles/jul_97/july2a_97.html |archive-date=2007-09-17 |url-status=live}} | * {{cite magazine |last=Hillaker |first=Harry |author-link=Harry Hillaker |date=July 1997 |title=Tribute To John R. Boyd |magazine=Code One Magazine |url=https://www.codeonemagazine.com/article.html?item_id=156 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917232626/http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/1997/articles/jul_97/july2a_97.html |archive-date=2007-09-17 |url-status=live}} | ||
* {{cite book |last=Osinga |first=Frans P. B. |date=2007 |orig-year=2005 |title=Science, strategy and war: the strategic theory of John Boyd |series=Strategy and history |volume=18 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn= | * {{cite book |last=Osinga |first=Frans P. B. |date=2007 |orig-year=2005 |title=Science, strategy and war: the strategic theory of John Boyd |series=Strategy and history |volume=18 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415371032 |oclc=67773991 |doi=10.4324/9780203088869}} [http://www.projectwhitehorse.com/pdfs/ScienceStrategyWar_Osinga.pdf PDF of the dissertation version]. | ||
* {{cite book |last1=Owen |first1=Jillian |last2=Burstein |first2=Frada |last3=Hall |first3=William P. |date=2004 |chapter=Knowledge reuse in project management |editor1-last=Linger |editor1-first=Henry |editor2-last=Fisher |editor2-first=Julie |editor3-last=Wojtkowski |editor3-first=Wita |editor4-last=Wojtkowski |editor4-first=W. Gregory |editor5-last=Zupančič |editor5-first=Jože |editor6-last=Vigo |editor6-first=Kitty |editor7-last=Arnold |editor7-first=Josie |title=Constructing the Infrastructure for the Knowledge Economy: Methods and Tools, Theory and Structure |location=New York |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |pages=443–454 |isbn=0306485540 |oclc=55877281 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4757-4852-9_33}} | * {{cite book |last1=Owen |first1=Jillian |last2=Burstein |first2=Frada |last3=Hall |first3=William P. |date=2004 |chapter=Knowledge reuse in project management |editor1-last=Linger |editor1-first=Henry |editor2-last=Fisher |editor2-first=Julie |editor3-last=Wojtkowski |editor3-first=Wita |editor4-last=Wojtkowski |editor4-first=W. Gregory |editor5-last=Zupančič |editor5-first=Jože |editor6-last=Vigo |editor6-first=Kitty |editor7-last=Arnold |editor7-first=Josie |title=Constructing the Infrastructure for the Knowledge Economy: Methods and Tools, Theory and Structure |location=New York |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |pages=443–454 |isbn=0306485540 |oclc=55877281 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4757-4852-9_33}} | ||
* {{cite book |last=Richards |first=Chet |date=2004 |title=Certain to Win: The Strategy of John Boyd, Applied to Business |location=Philadelphia |publisher=[[Xlibris]] |isbn=1413453775 |oclc=57207751}} | * {{cite book |last=Richards |first=Chet |date=2004 |title=Certain to Win: The Strategy of John Boyd, Applied to Business |location=Philadelphia |publisher=[[Xlibris]] |isbn=1413453775 |oclc=57207751}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:00, 11 June 2025
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The OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act) is a decision-making model developed by United States Air Force Colonel John Boyd. He applied the concept to the combat operations process, often at the operational level during military campaigns. It is often applied to understand commercial operations and learning processes. The approach explains how agility can overcome raw power in dealing with human opponents.
The OODA loop
As can be seen from the diagram, the OODA loop includes continuous collection of feedback and observations. This enables late commitment, which is an important element of agility. This is in contrast to the PDCA (plan–do–check–act) cycle which requires early commitment.
Use in law and business
The OODA loop has become an important concept in litigation,Template:Sfn business,Template:Sfn law enforcement,[1] management education,[2][3] military strategy and cyber security, and cyberwarfare.[4] According to Boyd, decision-making occurs in an iterative cycle of "observe, orient, decide, act". An entity (whether an individual or an organization) that can process this cycle quickly, observing and reacting to unfolding events more rapidly and/or more effectively than an opponent, can thereby get inside the opponent's decision cycle and gain the advantage.
Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase, has said he uses the OODA loop in scenario evaluation.[5][6][7]
Criticism
Some scholars are critical of the concept. Aviation historian Michael Hankins, for example, writes that "the OODA loop is vague enough that its defenders and attackers can each see what they want to see in it. For some, the OODA concept's flexibility is its strength, but for others it becomes so generalized as to lose its usefulness." He concludes that "The OODA loop is merely one way among a myriad of ways of describing intuitive processes of learning and decision making that most people experience daily. It is not incorrect, but neither is it unique or especially profound."[8]
See also
- Decision cycle
- Double-loop learning
- Feedback loop
- Improvement cycle
- Learning cycle
- Maneuver warfare
- Mental model
- Nursing process
- Problem solving
- Situation awareness
- SWOT analysis
- United States Army Strategist
References
Bibliography
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External links
- The John Boyd Library (archived documents by Boyd)
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