Party of Democratic Action: Difference between revisions
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|[[Catch-all party]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmaBAgAAQBAJ&q=sda+catch-all&pg=PA72|first=Tom|last=Gallagher|title=The Balkans After the Cold War: From Tyranny to Tragedy|date=2 September 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134472406}}</ref><ref name="partypolitics2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flmPBAAAQBAJ&q=sda+catch-all&pg=PA96|title=Yugoslavia and After: A Study in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth|last1=Dyker|first1=David|last2=Vejvoda|first2=Ivan|date=19 September 2014|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317891352}}</ref>}} | |[[Catch-all party]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmaBAgAAQBAJ&q=sda+catch-all&pg=PA72|first=Tom|last=Gallagher|title=The Balkans After the Cold War: From Tyranny to Tragedy|date=2 September 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134472406}}</ref><ref name="partypolitics2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flmPBAAAQBAJ&q=sda+catch-all&pg=PA96|title=Yugoslavia and After: A Study in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth|last1=Dyker|first1=David|last2=Vejvoda|first2=Ivan|date=19 September 2014|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317891352}}</ref>}} | ||
| youth_wing = Youth Association SDA | | youth_wing = Youth Association SDA | ||
| position = {{nowrap|[[ | | position = {{nowrap|[[Right-wing]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Arnautović|first=Suad|date=2018|chapter=The Presidentialisation of Political Parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Mitigated Presidentialism|editor-last=Passarelli|editor-first=Gianluca|title=The Presidentialisation of Political Parties in the Western Balkans|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=YsFqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 87]|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-3-319-97352-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Nardelli|first1=Alberto|last2=Dzidic|first2=Denis|last3=Jukic|first3=Elvira|date=8 October 2014|title=Bosnia and Herzegovina: the world's most complicated system of government?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/oct/08/bosnia-herzegovina-elections-the-worlds-most-complicated-system-of-government|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>}} | ||
| international = | | international = | ||
| european = [[European People's Party]] (observer){{sfn|Šedo|2013|p=92}} | | european = [[European People's Party]] (observer){{sfn|Šedo|2013|p=92}} | ||
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| national = | | national = | ||
| slogan = "Snaga naroda!"<br>"Power of the people!" | | slogan = "Snaga naroda!"<br>"Power of the people!" | ||
| anthem = "Ja sin sam tvoj, zemljo"<br>"I | | anthem = "Ja sin sam tvoj, zemljo"<br>"I am your son, oh land" | ||
| seats1_title = [[House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HoP BiH]] | | seats1_title = [[House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HoP BiH]] | ||
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|2|15|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}} | | seats1 = {{Composition bar|2|15|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}} | ||
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| seats6 = {{Composition bar|1|83|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}} | | seats6 = {{Composition bar|1|83|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}} | ||
| seats7_title = [[List of premiers of cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Cantonal Premiers]] | | seats7_title = [[List of premiers of cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Cantonal Premiers]] | ||
| seats7 | | seats7 = {{Composition bar|4|10|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}} | ||
| seats8_title = [[List of mayors in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Mayors]] | | seats8_title = [[List of mayors in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Mayors]] | ||
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|32|145|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}} | | seats8 = {{Composition bar|32|145|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Party of Democratic Action''' ({{langx|bs|Stranka demokratske akcije}}; abbr. '''SDA''') is a [[Bosniak nationalism|Bosniak nationalist]], [[Conservatism|conservative]] | The '''Party of Democratic Action''' ({{langx|bs|Stranka demokratske akcije}}; abbr. '''SDA''') is a [[Bosniak nationalism|Bosniak nationalist]], [[Conservatism|conservative]] political party in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].<ref>{{cite book |last= James|first=Ron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WysT_YXvi0kC&pg=PA218|title=Frontiers and ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel. | access-date=2009-06-18|page=218 |year=2003 |publisher= University of California Press|isbn=9780520236578}}</ref><ref name="PEE" />{{sfn|Eralp|2012|p=28}}{{sfn|Babić|2014|p=128}}{{sfn|Farmer|2010|p=126}}{{sfn|Krieger|2012|p=102}}{{sfn|Tottoli|2014|p=81}}{{sfn|Filipović|28 July 2000}} | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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==Ideology== | ==Ideology== | ||
The Party of Democratic Action is the primary stronghold for right-orientated [[Bosniaks]], especially for [[Bosniak nationalism|nationalists]], and [[Conservatism|conservatives]], and thus they have been described as [[National conservatism|national-conservative]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 November 2018 |title=A State of Division |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2018/11/bosnia-herzegovina-elections-nationalism |work=Jacobin}}</ref> The party has been also described as [[Secularism|secularist]] by some researchers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vfnPAQAAQBAJ&dq=sda+secular&pg=PA35 "Innocence and Victimhood: Gender, Nation, and Women’s Activism in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina", Elizabeth Helms, University of Wisconsin Press]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=e93Pj_HB5fQC&dq=sda+bosnia+secular&pg=PA14 "Islam and Bosnia: Conflict Resolution and Foreign Policy in Multi-ethnic States"], edited by [[Maya Shatzmiller]], McGill-Queen's University Press</ref> [[Islamism| | The Party of Democratic Action is the primary stronghold for right-orientated [[Bosniaks]], especially for [[Bosniak nationalism|nationalists]], and [[Conservatism|conservatives]], and thus they have been described as [[National conservatism|national-conservative]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 November 2018 |title=A State of Division |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2018/11/bosnia-herzegovina-elections-nationalism |work=Jacobin}}</ref> The party has been also described as [[Secularism|secularist]] by some researchers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vfnPAQAAQBAJ&dq=sda+secular&pg=PA35 "Innocence and Victimhood: Gender, Nation, and Women’s Activism in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina", Elizabeth Helms, University of Wisconsin Press]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=e93Pj_HB5fQC&dq=sda+bosnia+secular&pg=PA14 "Islam and Bosnia: Conflict Resolution and Foreign Policy in Multi-ethnic States"], edited by [[Maya Shatzmiller]], McGill-Queen's University Press</ref> [[Islamism|Islamist]] ideologies exist in the party but tends to represent itself mainly among the elite apparatus of the party.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=auA3DwAAQBAJ&dq=sda+Pan-Islamism&pg=PA105 Xavier Bougarel, "Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Surviving Empires", Bloomsbury]</ref><ref name="Xavier2">[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00220516/document Xavier Bougarel. "Bosnian Islam since 1990: Cultural Identity or Political Ideology?", Convention annuelle de l’Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN), p. 3]</ref> The party supports the centralization of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Bosnia-Herzegovina political briefing: BIH's Troyka Agreement – ambitious or premature plan to exit from 10 months-long government crisis? – China-CEE Institute |url=https://china-cee.eu/2019/10/11/bosnia-herzegovina-political-briefing-bihs-troyka-agreement-ambitious-or-premature-plan-to-exit-from-10-months-long-government-crisis/}}</ref> On foreign stances they also tend to be [[Atlanticism|atlanticist]] and supportive of the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to [[NATO]] and the [[European Union]].<ref name="Xavier2" /><ref name="partypolitics2">[https://books.google.com/books?id=mfMiAQAAQBAJ&dq=sda+western+democracy&pg=PA92 "Party Politics in the Western Balkans" edited by Vera Stojarová, Peter Emerson]</ref> | ||
==List of presidents== | ==List of presidents== | ||
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1990]] | [[Category:Political parties established in 1990]] | ||
[[Category:Islamic political parties]] | [[Category:Islamic political parties]] | ||
[[Category:Bosniak political parties]] | |||
Revision as of 00:52, 18 June 2025
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The Party of Democratic Action (Template:Langx; abbr. SDA) is a Bosniak nationalist, conservative political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1][2]Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
History
The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) was founded on 26 May 1990 in Sarajevo, as a "party of Muslim cultural-historic circle". It was a realisation of Alija Izetbegović's idea of an Islamic religious and national party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Many members of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including imams, took part in the party's foundation. Alija, who was chosen as its chairman, tried to resolve disputes between the Muslim nationalist Islamists led by Omer Behmen and the left-wing Muslims led by Adil Zulfikarpašić.Template:Sfn The party has its roots in the old Yugoslav Muslim Organization, a conservative Muslim party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Yugoslav Muslim Organization was a successor of Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Muslim National Organization), a conservative Muslim party founded in 1906 during the Austro-Hungarian era. The Muslim National Organization was itself a successor of the conservative Muslim "Movement for waqf and educational autonomy" (Pokret za vakufsko-mearifsku autonomiju) that goes back to 1887.
The SDA achieved considerable success in elections after the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. It founded the newspaper Ljiljan. The party remains the strongest political party among the Bosniak population in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In November 2000, the party was defeated by the Social Democratic Party and other parties gathered into the "Alliance for Change", and found itself in opposition for the first time since its creation.[3]Template:Clarify After the 2022 general election, the SDA became once again the largest party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The party has branches in Slovenia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Croatia and the Sandžak region of Serbia. One of the goals of the party, outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, is to represent and defend the interests of Bosniaks and other Muslim South Slavs in the entire Balkan region. In Montenegro, the SDA merged with smaller Bosniak and Slavic Muslim parties to create the Bosniak Party.
The party is an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP).
Ideology
The Party of Democratic Action is the primary stronghold for right-orientated Bosniaks, especially for nationalists, and conservatives, and thus they have been described as national-conservative.[4] The party has been also described as secularist by some researchers.[5][6] Islamist ideologies exist in the party but tends to represent itself mainly among the elite apparatus of the party.[7][8] The party supports the centralization of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[9] On foreign stances they also tend to be atlanticist and supportive of the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to NATO and the European Union.[8][10]
List of presidents
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| Name | Term of Office | |
|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |1 | Alija Izetbegović | 1990–2001 |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |2 | Sulejman Tihić | 2001–2014 |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |3 | Bakir Izetbegović | 2014–present |
Elections
Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Year | Leader | # | Popular vote | % | Seats won | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 711,075 | 31.48 | Template:Composition bar | Coalition |
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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1996 till:01/01/2024 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1996 Legend = columns:3 left:40 top:75 columnwidth:90
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Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
<timeline> ImageSize = width:900 height:70 PlotArea = width:800 height:50 left:20 bottom:20
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1996 till:01/01/2024 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1996 Legend = columns:3 left:40 top:75 columnwidth:90
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</timeline>
Presidency elections
| Election year | # | Candidate | Votes | % | Representing | Elected? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 1st | Alija Izetbegović | 730,592 | 80.0% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 1998Template:Efn | 1st | Alija Izetbegović | 511,541 | 86.8% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2002 | 1st | Sulejman Tihić | 192,661 | 37.2% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2006 | 2nd | Sulejman Tihić | 153,683 | 27.5% | Bosniaks | No |
| 2010 | 1st | Bakir Izetbegović | 162,831 | 34.8% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2014 | 1st | Bakir Izetbegović | 247,235 | 32.8% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2018 | 1st | Šefik Džaferović | 212,581 | 36.6% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2022 | 2nd | Bakir Izetbegović | 214,412 | 37.3% | Bosniaks | No |
Cantonal elections
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
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Further reading
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External links
Template:Bosnian political parties Template:Republika Srpska political parties Template:European People's Party Template:Alija Izetbegović Template:Authority control
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- ↑ "Innocence and Victimhood: Gender, Nation, and Women’s Activism in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina", Elizabeth Helms, University of Wisconsin Press
- ↑ "Islam and Bosnia: Conflict Resolution and Foreign Policy in Multi-ethnic States", edited by Maya Shatzmiller, McGill-Queen's University Press
- ↑ Xavier Bougarel, "Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Surviving Empires", Bloomsbury
- ↑ a b Xavier Bougarel. "Bosnian Islam since 1990: Cultural Identity or Political Ideology?", Convention annuelle de l’Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN), p. 3
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- ↑ "Party Politics in the Western Balkans" edited by Vera Stojarová, Peter Emerson