Mariehamn: Difference between revisions

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'''Mariehamn'''  ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|h|ɑː|m|ə|n}} {{respell|mə|REE|ə|hah|mən}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Mariehamn|access-date=December 28, 2020}}</ref> {{IPA|sv-FI|mɑriːeˈhɑmn|lang|Mariehamn.ogg}}; {{langx|fi|Maarianhamina}} {{IPA|fi|ˈmɑːriɑnˌhɑminɑ|}}; {{langx|la|Portus Mariae}}) is the [[capital city|capital]] of [[Åland]], an autonomous territory under [[Finland|Finnish]] [[sovereignty]]. Mariehamn is the seat of the [[Government of Åland|Government]] and [[Parliament of Åland]], and 40% of the population of Åland live in the city. It is mostly surrounded by [[Jomala]], the second-largest municipality in Åland in terms of population; to the east, it is bordered by [[Lemland]]. Like the rest of Åland, Mariehamn is unilingually [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking]] and around {{Formatnum:{{pct|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|Mariehamn}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Mariehamn}}|0}}}} of the inhabitants speak it as their native language.<ref name="population_by_language"/>
'''Mariehamn'''  ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|h|ɑː|m|ə|n}} {{respell|mə|REE|ə|hah|mən}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Mariehamn|access-date=December 28, 2020}}</ref> {{IPA|sv-FI|mɑriːeˈhɑmn|lang|Mariehamn.ogg}}; {{langx|fi|Maarianhamina}} {{IPA|fi|ˈmɑːriɑnˌhɑminɑ|}}; {{langx|la|Portus Mariae}}) is the [[capital city|capital]] of [[Åland]], an autonomous territory under Finnish [[sovereignty]]. Mariehamn is the seat of the [[Government of Åland|Government]] and [[Parliament of Åland]], and 40% of the population of Åland live in the city. It is mostly surrounded by [[Jomala]], the second-largest municipality in Åland in terms of population; to the east, it is bordered by [[Lemland]]. Like the rest of Åland, Mariehamn is unilingually [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking]] and around {{Formatnum:{{pct|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|Mariehamn}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Mariehamn}}|0}}}} of the inhabitants speak it as their native language.<ref name="population_by_language"/>


The theme of the [[coat of arms]] of Mariehamn refers to the city's main livelihood, [[maritime transport]], and the city's parks, which are typically lined with [[Tilia|linden trees]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Suomen kunnallisvaakunat | publisher = Suomen Kunnallisliitto | year = 1982 | page = 171 | isbn = 951-773-085-3|language=fi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ahvenanmaan kuntien vaakunat 1947-1987 (I:15) Maarianhamina | url = http://digi.narc.fi/digi/view.ka?kuid=1738597 | publisher = Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto |access-date=March 25, 2021| language = sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ennen 8.4.1949 annettua kunnanvaakunalakia vahvistetut vaakunat (I:7) Maarianhamina | url = http://digi.narc.fi/digi/view.ka?kuid=1366367 | work = Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto | access-date=March 25, 2021| language = sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Mariehamns vapen | url = http://www.mariehamn.ax/dinvarhistoria/Mariehamns_vapen | publisher = City of Mariehamn | access-date=March 25, 2021| language = sv}}</ref> The coat of arms was designed by Nils Byman and confirmed in 1951.<ref>{{cite book | title = Mitä-Missä-Milloin, Kansalaisen vuosikirja 1980|page= 165|publisher= Otava|year= 1979|location=Helsinki|language=fi}}</ref>
The theme of the [[coat of arms]] of Mariehamn refers to the city's main livelihood, [[maritime transport]], and the city's parks, which are typically lined with [[Tilia|linden trees]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Suomen kunnallisvaakunat | publisher = Suomen Kunnallisliitto | year = 1982 | page = 171 | isbn = 951-773-085-3|language=fi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ahvenanmaan kuntien vaakunat 1947-1987 (I:15) Maarianhamina | url = http://digi.narc.fi/digi/view.ka?kuid=1738597 | publisher = Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto |access-date=March 25, 2021| language = sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ennen 8.4.1949 annettua kunnanvaakunalakia vahvistetut vaakunat (I:7) Maarianhamina | url = http://digi.narc.fi/digi/view.ka?kuid=1366367 | work = Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto | access-date=March 25, 2021| language = sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Mariehamns vapen | url = http://www.mariehamn.ax/dinvarhistoria/Mariehamns_vapen | publisher = City of Mariehamn | access-date=March 25, 2021| language = sv}}</ref> The coat of arms was designed by Nils Byman and confirmed in 1951.<ref>{{cite book | title = Mitä-Missä-Milloin, Kansalaisen vuosikirja 1980|page= 165|publisher= Otava|year= 1979|location=Helsinki|language=fi}}</ref>
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== History ==
== History ==
{{section-stub|date=June 2022}}
{{section-stub|date=June 2022}}
[[File:Mariehamn-1961.jpg|thumb|left|Finnish stamp issued for the 100th anniversary of the city (1961)]]
[[File:Mariehamn map.svg|thumb|Map of Mariehamn with the pre-1961 territory of the town marked with hatched outline]]
[[File:Mariehamn map.svg|thumb|Map of Mariehamn with the pre-1961 territory of the town marked with hatched outline]]
The town was named after the Russian empress [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Maria Alexandrovna]] (1824–1880), literally meaning "Marie's Port". Mariehamn was founded on 21 February 1861 around the village of [[Övernäs]],<ref name="sjöfartspromenaden"/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Union of the Baltic Cities|editor=Żaboklicki, Paweł|first=Robert|last=Mann|title=Mariehamn Celebrates|page=34|publisher=The UBC Bulletin|number=1|year=2011}}</ref> in what was at the time part of the municipality of [[Jomala]]. The city has since expanded and incorporated more of Jomala territory. Mariehamn was built according to a very regular scheme which is well-preserved. One of the oldest streets is ''Södragatan'' where many wooden houses dating from the 19th century can be seen.
The town was named after the Russian empress [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Maria Alexandrovna]] (1824–1880), literally meaning "Marie's Port". Mariehamn was founded on 21 February 1861 around the village of [[Övernäs]],<ref name="sjöfartspromenaden"/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Union of the Baltic Cities|editor=Żaboklicki, Paweł|first=Robert|last=Mann|title=Mariehamn Celebrates|page=34|publisher=The UBC Bulletin|number=1|year=2011}}</ref> in what was at the time part of the municipality of [[Jomala]]. The city has since expanded and incorporated more of Jomala territory. Mariehamn was built according to a very regular scheme which is well-preserved. One of the oldest streets is ''Södragatan'' where many wooden houses dating from the 19th century can be seen.
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Following the [[First World War]], Mariehamn was home to the Mariehamn Grain Fleet.<ref name="SWW">{{cite journal |last1=Derby. |first1=W L A |title=Mariehamn's Grain Fleet - Shipping Wonders of the World |journal=Shipping Wonders of the World |date=1937 |issue=21 July 1937 |pages=746–749 |url=https://shippingwondersoftheworld.com/mariehamn.html}}</ref>
Following the [[First World War]], Mariehamn was home to the Mariehamn Grain Fleet.<ref name="SWW">{{cite journal |last1=Derby. |first1=W L A |title=Mariehamn's Grain Fleet - Shipping Wonders of the World |journal=Shipping Wonders of the World |date=1937 |issue=21 July 1937 |pages=746–749 |url=https://shippingwondersoftheworld.com/mariehamn.html}}</ref>


On 8 November 1963 a [[Aero Flight 217|devastating plane crash]] occurred in Mariehamn, in which 22 out of 25 people lost their lives, which made it the second-deadliest aviation accident in the history of Finland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-47A-35-DL (DC-3) OH-LCA Mariehamn Airport (MHQ)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19631108-0|access-date=2020-07-12|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
On 8 November 1963, a [[Aero Flight 217|plane crash]] occurred in Mariehamn, in which 22 out of 25 people died, which made it the second-deadliest aviation accident in the history of Finland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-47A-35-DL (DC-3) OH-LCA Mariehamn Airport (MHQ)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19631108-0|access-date=2020-07-12|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>


== Transport ==
== Transport ==
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Mariehamn is twinned with the following cities:<ref>[http://www.mariehamn.ax/organisation-arbete/Samarbeten/vanorter/ Mariehamns stads vänorter.] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20150921113412/http://www.mariehamn.ax/organisation-arbete/Samarbeten/vanorter/ |date=2015-09-21 }} Accessed July 14, 2015</ref>
Mariehamn is twinned with the following cities:<ref>[http://www.mariehamn.ax/organisation-arbete/Samarbeten/vanorter/ Mariehamns stads vänorter.] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20150921113412/http://www.mariehamn.ax/organisation-arbete/Samarbeten/vanorter/ |date=2015-09-21 }} Accessed July 14, 2015</ref>


* {{flagicon|ISL}} [[Kópavogur]], [[Iceland]]
* {{flagicon|ISL}} [[Kópavogur]], Iceland
* {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Kragerø]], [[Norway]]
* {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Kragerø]], Norway
* {{flagicon|EST}} [[Kuressaare]], [[Estonia]]
* {{flagicon|EST}} [[Kuressaare]], Estonia
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Lomonosov, Russia|Lomonosov]], [[Russia]] (cooperation paused since the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dags att avbryta ryskt vänortssamarbete helt? |url=https://www.nyan.ax/ledare/dags-att-avbryta-ryskt-vanortssamarbete-helt/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Nya Åland |language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Lomonosov, Russia]] (cooperation paused since the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dags att avbryta ryskt vänortssamarbete helt? |url=https://www.nyan.ax/ledare/dags-att-avbryta-ryskt-vanortssamarbete-helt/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Nya Åland |language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Slagelse]], [[Denmark]]
* {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Slagelse]], Denmark
* {{flagicon|FRO}} [[Tórshavn]], [[Faroe Islands]]
* {{flagicon|FRO}} [[Tórshavn]], Faroe Islands
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valkeakoski]], [[Finland]]
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valkeakoski]], Finland
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Visby]], [[Sweden]]
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Visby]], Sweden


==Notable people==
==Notable people==

Latest revision as of 21:49, 14 June 2025

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Mariehamn (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell,[1] Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx) is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finnish sovereignty. Mariehamn is the seat of the Government and Parliament of Åland, and 40% of the population of Åland live in the city. It is mostly surrounded by Jomala, the second-largest municipality in Åland in terms of population; to the east, it is bordered by Lemland. Like the rest of Åland, Mariehamn is unilingually Swedish-speaking and around Template:Pct of the inhabitants speak it as their native language.[2]

The theme of the coat of arms of Mariehamn refers to the city's main livelihood, maritime transport, and the city's parks, which are typically lined with linden trees.[3][4][5][6] The coat of arms was designed by Nils Byman and confirmed in 1951.[7]

Due to its central location in the Baltic Sea, Mariehamn has become a major summer resort town for global tourism; as many as 1.5 million tourists visit annually.[8][9][10]

History

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File:Mariehamn-1961.jpg
Finnish stamp issued for the 100th anniversary of the city (1961)
File:Mariehamn map.svg
Map of Mariehamn with the pre-1961 territory of the town marked with hatched outline

The town was named after the Russian empress Maria Alexandrovna (1824–1880), literally meaning "Marie's Port". Mariehamn was founded on 21 February 1861 around the village of Övernäs,[11][12] in what was at the time part of the municipality of Jomala. The city has since expanded and incorporated more of Jomala territory. Mariehamn was built according to a very regular scheme which is well-preserved. One of the oldest streets is Södragatan where many wooden houses dating from the 19th century can be seen.

In the mid 1800s, the business of cargo shipping started to catch on, and many important shipowners and shipyards took their residence in the developing city.[13]

Following the First World War, Mariehamn was home to the Mariehamn Grain Fleet.[14]

On 8 November 1963, a plane crash occurred in Mariehamn, in which 22 out of 25 people died, which made it the second-deadliest aviation accident in the history of Finland.[15]

Transport

Harbours

The city is located on a peninsula. It has two important harbours, one located on the western shore and one on the eastern shore, which are ice-free for nearly the whole year, and have no tides.[16] The Western Harbour is an important international harbour with daily traffic to Sweden, Estonia and mainland Finland. A powerful incentive for Baltic ferries to stop at Mariehamn is that, with respect to indirect taxation, Åland is not part of the EU customs zone and so duty-free goods can be sold aboard. Åland and Mariehamn have a reputable heritage in shipping. The Flying P-Liner Pommern museum ship (part of the Åland Maritime Museum) is anchored in the Western Harbour. The Eastern Harbour features one of the largest marinas in Scandinavia. The famous Dutch steamer Jan Nieveen (now called F.P. von Knorring, after Åland teacher and vicar Frans Peter von Knorring) can also be found here.

Airport

Mariehamn Airport serves the city; it has scheduled flights on two airlines including Finnair.

Roads

At three of Åland's four highways, Mariehamn serves as a starting point for Main Road 1 to Eckerö, Main Road 2 to Sund and Main Road 3 to Lumparland.

Culture

The city is an important centre for Åland media; both of the local newspapers (Ålandstidningen and Nya Åland), several radio stations and the local TV channels (TV Åland and Åland24) operate out of the city. The islanders are traditionally fond of reading, and had public libraries before 1920. A printing works was established in the town in 1891.[16] The municipal library, which was built in 1989, is one of the most interesting modern buildings.

Museums

Architecture

Architects

Mariehamn features several buildings drawn by Finnish architect Lars Sonck, who moved to Åland as a child. Buildings drawn by him include the church of Mariehamn (1927), the main building of the Åland Maritime College (1927) and the town hall (1939). Hilda Hongell also designed several buildings, although only a few are still standing.

The Church of St George

The main parish church of Mariehamn was opened in 1927 and has been expanded in 1959 and renovated in 1972. when the pews were painted blue. The visible decorations include painted wooden ceiling panels, one for each of the followers of Christ. The unnamed panel is that representing Judas Iscariot. The church paintings and decorations are the work of Finnish artist Bruno Tuukkanen. These include the golden mosaics behind the altar which show the life of Christ. Gifts to the church include the font and the ship that hangs from the ceiling. This is the Tjerimaj. The church houses a 37 stop organ built in stages (1969, 1982).[17]

Demographics

Historical population

Mariehamn’s population has gradually increased over time. Based on data from ÅSUB (Statistics and Research Åland),[18] the city’s population by year was:

  • 1987: 9,966
  • 1990: 10,263
  • 1997: 10,408
  • 2000: 10,488
  • 2002: 10,632
  • 2004: 10,712
  • 2006: 10,824
  • 2008: 11,005
  • 2009: 11,123
  • 2010: 11,190
  • 2011: 11,262
  • 2012: 11,346
  • 2013: 11,393
  • 2014: 11,480
  • 2015: 11,461
  • 2016: 11,565
  • 2017: 11,677
  • 2018: 11,743

Foreign-born residents (2018)

As of 2018, the largest groups of foreign-born residents in Mariehamn came from the following countries:[19][20]

Geography

Climate

Mariehamn has a transitional climate between a humid continental climate (Dfb) and an oceanic climate (Cfb) as a result of the strong maritime moderation from being an island in the Baltic Sea. This causes summers to be cooler than both the Swedish and Finnish mainlands, with winters being similar in cold to the adjacent coastal part of Sweden but milder than Finland's mainland. The lowest temperature at Mariehamn airport was Template:Cvt in February 1979, and the highest temperature on record was Template:Cvt in July 2022 and July 1941.[21]

Template:Weather box

Twin towns and sister cities

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Mariehamn is twinned with the following cities:[22]

Notable people

Sports

Gallery

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See also

  • Godby – the second largest urban area in Åland
  • Jomala – the municipality surrounding Mariehamn

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Commons category-inline

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  1. ↑ Template:Cite Merriam-Webster
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named population_by_language
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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Mariehamn – Visit Åland
  9. ↑ Tourism Mariehamn & Mariehamn Travel Guide – Discovering Finland
  10. ↑ Åland: many travellers, far fewer overnighters – Nordic Labour Journal
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sjöfartspromenaden
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ The Church of St Goran (St George), (anonymous) parish leaflet (2011) Mariehamns Tryckeri Ab
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Suomen Maakuntien ilmasto-Ilmatieteenlaitos
  22. ↑ Mariehamns stads vänorter. Template:Webarchive Accessed July 14, 2015
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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