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Redirect to the appropriate section... though it looks like perhaps Lomography really should have its own article.
 
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#REDIRECT [[Toy camera#Lomography]] {{R from merge}}
{{Expand German|Lomografie|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
[[File:Lomo lc-a.JPG|thumb|right|The original [[Lomo LC-A]], which inspired the movement]]
'''Lomography''', or simply '''lomo''', is a photographic style which involves taking spontaneous photographs with minimal attention to technical details. Lomographic images often exploit the unpredictable, non-standard optical traits of [[toy camera]]s (such as light leaks and irregular lens alignment), and non-standard [[film processing]] techniques for aesthetic effect.<ref name="thedarkroom">{{cite web |title=What is Lomography or lomo camera? |url=https://thedarkroom.com/what-is-lomography/ |website=The Darkroom Photo Lab |date=11 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Blenford">{{cite news|last=Blenford|first=Adam|title=Lomos: New take on an old classic|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7007160.stm|access-date=26 May 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=22 September 2007}}</ref> Similar-looking techniques with digital photography, often involving "lomo" image filters in post-processing, may also be considered lomographic.<ref name="Watterson">{{cite web |last1=Watterson |first1=Derek |title=Holga Cameras and Lomography |url=https://photographycourse.net/holga-cameras-and-lomography/ |website=Photography Course|date=18 February 2010 }}</ref>
 
"Lomography" is claimed as a commercial trademark by '''Lomographische GmbH'''. However, it has become a [[genericised trademark]]; most [[camera phone]] photo editor [[mobile app|apps]] include a "lomo" [[photographic filter|filter]].<ref name="Watterson" />
 
== History ==
[[File:Lomo-lca sample.png|left|thumb|Sample shot from a LOMO LC-A]]
While cheap plastic [[toy camera]]s using film often used in lomography were and are produced by multiple manufacturers, Lomography is named after the Soviet-era cameras produced by [[Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie|'''L'''eningradskoye '''O'''ptiko-'''M'''ekhanicheskoye '''O'''byedinenie]]. Formerly a [[state enterprise|state-run]] optics manufacturer, LOMO privatised following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and became LOMO PLC. The company created and produced the 35&nbsp;mm [[LOMO LC-A]] Compact Automat camera, now central to the lomography movement. This camera was loosely based upon the [[Cosina]] CX-1 introduced in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|title=LOMO LC-A's Father: The Cosina CX-2|url=http://www.lomography.com/magazine/reviews/2011/08/02/Cosina-CX-2|publisher = Lomographische AG|access-date=26 May 2012|date=2 August 2011}}</ref> The LOMO LC-A produces "unique, colorful, and sometimes blurry" images.<ref>{{cite news|last=Drake|first=James|title=A Camera That Really Opens Your Eyes|url=http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_24/c3685295.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817041135/http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_24/c3685295.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 August 2000|access-date=26 May 2012|newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=12 June 2000}}</ref>
 
Lomography has been a highly social pursuit since 1992, with local and international events organised by [[#Company|Lomographische GmbH]]. Lomographische, doing business as Lomography, is also a commercial company selling analogue cameras, films and accessories.<ref name="Blenford" /> The company continues to promote the Lomographic style; however, it is not necessary to use the company's products to take lomographic photos.<ref name="Watterson" />
 
== Company ==
{{Expand German|section=yes|Lomography|date=June 2025}}
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{Advert|date=January 2017|section}}
}}
Lomographische GmbH, doing business as Lomography, is a commercial company headquartered in [[Vienna]], Austria, which sells cameras, accessories, and film.<ref name="Blenford">{{cite news|last=Blenford|first=Adam|title=Lomos: New take on an old classic|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7007160.stm|access-date=26 May 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=22 September 2007}}</ref> It hosts local and international events through its non-profit division, the '''Lomographic Society International'''. The company is the namesake of the lomography genre of experimental photography.
 
The Lomographic Society International was founded in 1992 by a group of [[Vienna|Viennese]] students interested in the LC-A.<ref name="fastcompany">{{cite news|access-date=2018-05-10|title=How An Analog Photo Company Can Thrive In An Instagram Age|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3048509/how-an-analog-photo-company-can-thrive-in-an-instagram-age|newspaper=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]|date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Stephen|last1=Dowling|access-date=2018-05-10|title=Did the Lomo camera save film photography?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20434270|newspaper=BBC News|date=22 November 2012}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.lomography.com/about/timeline|title=History · Lomography|publisher = Lomographische AG}}</ref> Lomography started as an art movement through which the students put on exhibitions of photos; the art movement then developed into the Lomographische AG, a commercial enterprise.<ref name=":0" />
 
Lomography signed an exclusive distribution agreement with LOMO PLC in 1995—becoming the sole distributor of all LOMO LC-A cameras outside of the former [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite news|title=A guide to Lomography|url=http://www.ephotozine.com/article/a-guide-to-lomography-137|access-date=26 May 2012|newspaper=ePhotozine|date=2 August 2002}}</ref> The new company reached an agreement with the deputy mayor of St Petersburg, the future Russian Prime Minister and President, [[Vladimir Putin]], to receive a [[tax break]] in order to keep the LOMO factory in the city open.<ref name="Blenford" />
 
Since the introduction of the original LOMO LC-A, Lomography has produced a line of their own film cameras. In 2005, production of the original LOMO LC-A was discontinued. Its replacement, the LOMO LC-A+, was introduced in 2006. The new camera, made in China rather than Russia, featured the original Russian lens manufactured by LOMO PLC.<ref>{{cite web|title=Timeline|url=http://www.lomography.com/about/timeline|publisher = Lomographische AG|access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref> This changed as of mid-2007 with the lens now made in China as well. In 2012 the LC-A+ camera was re-released as a special edition.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hypebeast.com/2012/12/lomography-lc-a-20th-anniversary-edition|title=Lomography LC-A+ 20th Anniversary Edition|work=Hypebeast|access-date=2017-03-22|language=en}}</ref> It costs ten times the original secondhand value of the old LOMO LC-A.<ref name="Blenford" />
 
The Lomographic Society International (Lomography) has moved on to produce their own range of analogue cameras, films and accessories. Lomography has also released products catered to digital devices, such as the Smartphone Film Scanner;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hypebeast.com/2013/1/the-lomography-smartphone-film-scanner|title=The Lomography Smartphone Film Scanner|work=Hypebeast|access-date=2017-03-22|language=en}}</ref> and several lenses such as the Daguerreotype Achromat lens collection<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hypebeast.com/2016/4/lomography-daguerreotype-camera-lens|title=Lomography Bridges Technology With the Past by Recreating the First Photographic Optic Lens|work=HYPEBEAST|access-date=2017-03-22|language=en}}</ref> for analogue and digital SLR cameras with [[Canon EF lens mount|Canon EF]], [[Nikon F-mount|Nikon F]] or [[Pentax K-mount|Pentax K]] mounts, inspired by 19th century [[Daguerreotype]] photography. In 2013, together with Zenit, Lomography produced a new version of the Petzval Lens designed to work with Canon EF and Nikon F mount SLR cameras.
 
Some have questioned the pricing of Lomography's plastic "toy" cameras,<ref name="petapixel">{{cite web |title=Opinion: Lomography, an Alternative Perspective on Traditional Photo Standards |url=https://petapixel.com/2015/07/21/opinion-lomography-an-alternative-perspective-on-traditional-photo-standards/ |website=petapixel.com|date=21 July 2015 }}</ref> which run from US$100<ref name="petapixel" /> to $400.<ref name="Blenford" />
 
=== Models ===
[[File:Diana Mini.jpg|thumb|A Diana Mini]]
Cameras that have been marketed by Lomography:
* LOMO LC-A+<ref name="Blenford" />
* LC-A 120<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2018-05-10|title=Film is not dead! The Lomo LC-A 120 helps fuel the retro revival|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/photography-video-capture/cameras/film-isn-t-dead-the-lomo-lc-a-120-helps-fuel-the-retro-revival-1264614|newspaper=[[TechRadar]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2018-05-10|title=Lomography LC-A 120|url=http://uk.pcmag.com/lomography-lc-a-120/41746/review/lomography-lc-a-120|newspaper=PCMag UK|date=7 May 2015}}</ref>
* Lomo LC-Wide
* [[Diana camera|Diana]] F+<ref name="fastcompany" />
* Diana Mini – a 35&nbsp;mm version of the Diana F+
* Diana Baby – a 110 format version of the Diana F+
* Diana Multi Pinhole Operator
* Diana Instant Square
* Spinner 360° – a 360° panoramic camera
* Sprocket Rocket
* ActionSampler – a four-lensed miniature 35&nbsp;mm camera
* Pop-9
* Oktomat
* Fisheye One
* Fisheye No.2
* Fisheye Baby – a 110 format version of the Fisheye No.2
* Colorsplash
* Colorsplash Flash
* SuperSampler
[[File:Lomography "La Sardina" toy camera with flash unit.jpg|thumb|A white La Sardina camera with compatible Fritz the Blitz flash that screws in to the side of the camera]]
 
* La Sardina
 
* Fritz the Blitz Flash
* LomoKino – a 35&nbsp;mm analog movie camera
* Konstruktor – a build-it-yourself 35&nbsp;mm SLR camera
* HydroChrome Sutton's Panoramic Belair Camera
* LomoMod No.1 – a flat-packed DIY cardboard medium format camera
* LomoApparat
* Lomo'Instant
* Lomo'Instant Automat
* Lomo'Instant Automat Glass
* Lomo'Instant Wide
* Lomomatic 110<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aldred |first=John |date=2024-03-06 |title=Lomography adds to its 110 film lineup with the Lomomatic 110 |url=https://www.diyphotography.net/lomography-adds-to-its-110-film-lineup-with-the-lomomatic-110/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=DIY Photography |language=en-US}}</ref> – a new 110 format camera with a glass lens
 
=== Film ===
The company produces [[135 film|35&nbsp;mm]], [[120 film|120]] and [[110 film]] in color negative, [[Black and White Photography|black and white]] as well as [[redscale]]. Lomography also produces its own range of experimental color-shifting film called LomoChrome.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=The History Of LomoChrome - Short Read |url=https://analoguewonderland.co.uk/blogs/film-photography-blog/the-history-of-lomochrome-short-read |access-date=8 November 2022 |website=Analogue Wonderland}}</ref>
 
=== Photo gallery ===
<gallery>
File:Fisheye2 0709.jpg|A Fisheye 2 with a fisheye viewfinder
File:2023 Aparat Łomo ŁK-A (3).jpg|A 1988 LOMO LC-A camera
File:Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg|Fisheye-lens photo of [[Wakayama, Wakayama|Wakayama Castle]]
File:Lomography Supersampler (5237253103).jpg|Lomography Supersampler
File:2023 Lomography ActionSampler (1).jpg|Lomography Action Sampler
File:Lomography Oktomat photo.jpg|Photo taken with a Lomography Oktomat with 8 sequentially-firing shutters
File:VistaQuest VQ1005 1.3 MegaPixel digital keychain camera.jpg|A VistaQuest VQ1005 1.3 MegaPixel digital keychain camera
</gallery>
 
== See also ==
* [[Lo-fi photography]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|https://www.lomography.com/|Lomographische GmbH's website}}
* {{cite web |author1=Lily Rothman |title=Lomography and the 'Analogue Future' |url=http://time.com/3788437/lomography/ |website=Time |date=10 May 2012}}
* {{cite web |author1=Tyler Lee |title=Lomography Reinvigorates The Disposable Camera With ‘Simple Use’ |url=https://www.ubergizmo.com/2017/04/lomography-disposable-camera-simple-use/ |website=Ubergizmo |date=18 April 2017}}
* {{cite web |title=What is Lomography? |url=https://1stwebdesigner.com/what-is-lomography/ |website=1stWebDesigner |date=5 May 2017}}
* {{cite web |title=What is Lomography or lomo camera? |url=https://thedarkroom.com/what-is-lomography/ |website=The Darkroom Photo Lab |date=11 February 2016}}
 
{{Photography}}
 
[[Category:Photography by genre]]
[[Category:Trademarks]]

Revision as of 02:04, 19 June 2025

Template:Expand German Template:Use dmy dates

File:Lomo lc-a.JPG
The original Lomo LC-A, which inspired the movement

Lomography, or simply lomo, is a photographic style which involves taking spontaneous photographs with minimal attention to technical details. Lomographic images often exploit the unpredictable, non-standard optical traits of toy cameras (such as light leaks and irregular lens alignment), and non-standard film processing techniques for aesthetic effect.[1][2] Similar-looking techniques with digital photography, often involving "lomo" image filters in post-processing, may also be considered lomographic.[3]

"Lomography" is claimed as a commercial trademark by Lomographische GmbH. However, it has become a genericised trademark; most camera phone photo editor apps include a "lomo" filter.[3]

History

File:Lomo-lca sample.png
Sample shot from a LOMO LC-A

While cheap plastic toy cameras using film often used in lomography were and are produced by multiple manufacturers, Lomography is named after the Soviet-era cameras produced by Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie. Formerly a state-run optics manufacturer, LOMO privatised following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and became LOMO PLC. The company created and produced the 35 mm LOMO LC-A Compact Automat camera, now central to the lomography movement. This camera was loosely based upon the Cosina CX-1 introduced in the early 1980s.[4] The LOMO LC-A produces "unique, colorful, and sometimes blurry" images.[5]

Lomography has been a highly social pursuit since 1992, with local and international events organised by Lomographische GmbH. Lomographische, doing business as Lomography, is also a commercial company selling analogue cameras, films and accessories.[2] The company continues to promote the Lomographic style; however, it is not necessary to use the company's products to take lomographic photos.[3]

Company

Template:Expand German Template:Multiple issues Lomographische GmbH, doing business as Lomography, is a commercial company headquartered in Vienna, Austria, which sells cameras, accessories, and film.[2] It hosts local and international events through its non-profit division, the Lomographic Society International. The company is the namesake of the lomography genre of experimental photography.

The Lomographic Society International was founded in 1992 by a group of Viennese students interested in the LC-A.[6][7][8] Lomography started as an art movement through which the students put on exhibitions of photos; the art movement then developed into the Lomographische AG, a commercial enterprise.[8]

Lomography signed an exclusive distribution agreement with LOMO PLC in 1995—becoming the sole distributor of all LOMO LC-A cameras outside of the former Soviet Union.[9] The new company reached an agreement with the deputy mayor of St Petersburg, the future Russian Prime Minister and President, Vladimir Putin, to receive a tax break in order to keep the LOMO factory in the city open.[2]

Since the introduction of the original LOMO LC-A, Lomography has produced a line of their own film cameras. In 2005, production of the original LOMO LC-A was discontinued. Its replacement, the LOMO LC-A+, was introduced in 2006. The new camera, made in China rather than Russia, featured the original Russian lens manufactured by LOMO PLC.[10] This changed as of mid-2007 with the lens now made in China as well. In 2012 the LC-A+ camera was re-released as a special edition.[11] It costs ten times the original secondhand value of the old LOMO LC-A.[2]

The Lomographic Society International (Lomography) has moved on to produce their own range of analogue cameras, films and accessories. Lomography has also released products catered to digital devices, such as the Smartphone Film Scanner;[12] and several lenses such as the Daguerreotype Achromat lens collection[13] for analogue and digital SLR cameras with Canon EF, Nikon F or Pentax K mounts, inspired by 19th century Daguerreotype photography. In 2013, together with Zenit, Lomography produced a new version of the Petzval Lens designed to work with Canon EF and Nikon F mount SLR cameras.

Some have questioned the pricing of Lomography's plastic "toy" cameras,[14] which run from US$100[14] to $400.[2]

Models

File:Diana Mini.jpg
A Diana Mini

Cameras that have been marketed by Lomography:

  • LOMO LC-A+[2]
  • LC-A 120[15][16]
  • Lomo LC-Wide
  • Diana F+[6]
  • Diana Mini – a 35 mm version of the Diana F+
  • Diana Baby – a 110 format version of the Diana F+
  • Diana Multi Pinhole Operator
  • Diana Instant Square
  • Spinner 360° – a 360° panoramic camera
  • Sprocket Rocket
  • ActionSampler – a four-lensed miniature 35 mm camera
  • Pop-9
  • Oktomat
  • Fisheye One
  • Fisheye No.2
  • Fisheye Baby – a 110 format version of the Fisheye No.2
  • Colorsplash
  • Colorsplash Flash
  • SuperSampler
File:Lomography "La Sardina" toy camera with flash unit.jpg
A white La Sardina camera with compatible Fritz the Blitz flash that screws in to the side of the camera
  • La Sardina
  • Fritz the Blitz Flash
  • LomoKino – a 35 mm analog movie camera
  • Konstruktor – a build-it-yourself 35 mm SLR camera
  • HydroChrome Sutton's Panoramic Belair Camera
  • LomoMod No.1 – a flat-packed DIY cardboard medium format camera
  • LomoApparat
  • Lomo'Instant
  • Lomo'Instant Automat
  • Lomo'Instant Automat Glass
  • Lomo'Instant Wide
  • Lomomatic 110[17] – a new 110 format camera with a glass lens

Film

The company produces 35 mm, 120 and 110 film in color negative, black and white as well as redscale. Lomography also produces its own range of experimental color-shifting film called LomoChrome.[18]

Photo gallery

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

Template:Sister project

  • Template:Official website
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