Pood: Difference between revisions
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{{For|the principle in database theory abbreviated POOD|Principle of orthogonal design}} | {{For|the principle in database theory abbreviated POOD|Principle of orthogonal design}} | ||
[[Image:Iron 16kg.jpg|thumb|right| A one ''pood'' [[kettlebell]]]] | [[Image:Iron 16kg.jpg|thumb|right| A one ''pood'' [[kettlebell]]]] | ||
''''' | The '''''pood''''' ({{lang-rus|пуд|r=pud|p=put}}, plural: {{Transliteration|ru|pudi}} or {{Transliteration|ru|pudy}}) is an [[Historical Russian units of measurement|obsolete Russian unit]] of [[mass]] equal to 40 [[Funt (mass)|''funt'']] ({{Lang|ru|фунт}}, [[Russian pound]]).{{sfn|Cardarelli|2012|p=122}} Since 1899, it has been set to approximately 16.38 [[kilogram]]s (36.11 [[pound (mass)|pound]]s).{{sfn|Gyllenbok|2018|p=2028}}<ref name="dwip">{{cite journal | ||
| last = Yakovlev | | last = Yakovlev | ||
| first = V. B. | | first = V. B. | ||
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| s2cid = 137551466 | | s2cid = 137551466 | ||
| id = 0026-0894 | | id = 0026-0894 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> The ''pood'' was first mentioned in the 12th century.{{sfn|Treese|2018|p=634}} | ||
== Use in the past and present == | == Use in the past and present == | ||
[[File:1959_CPA_2345.jpg|thumb|1959 postage stamp giving weight of grain in poods instead of tonnes]] | [[File:1959_CPA_2345.jpg|thumb|1959 postage stamp giving weight of grain in poods instead of tonnes]] | ||
Together with other units of [[weight]] of the [[ | |||
The ''pood'' is first mentioned in documents dating to the 12th century.{{sfn|Treese|2018|p=634}} It is mentioned in the charter of [[Vsevolod of Pskov|Vsevolod Mstislavich]], the prince of [[Novgorod]], dating to 1134–1135. It is also mentioned in the chronicle of Novgorod under the year 1170.<ref>{{cite Efron|Пуд, единица веса}}</ref> | |||
In 1899, the [[metric system]] was introduced into Russia and made obligatory in 1918.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paxton |first1=J. |title=Imperial Russia: A Reference Handbook |date=17 November 2000 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-59872-0 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7MKADAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> Together with other units of [[weight]] of the [[Historical Russian units of measurement|obsolete Russian weight measurement system]], the [[Soviet Union]] officially abolished the ''pood'' in 1924. The term remained in widespread use until at least the 1940s.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Writer at War: A Soviet Journalist with the Red Army, 1941-1945|author=Vasily Grossman|isbn=978-0307275332|year=2007|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing }}</ref> | |||
Its usage is preserved in modern Russian in certain specific cases, e.g., in reference to sports weights, such as traditional Russian [[kettlebell]]s, cast in multiples and fractions of 16 kg (which is ''pood'' rounded to metric units). For example, a 24 kg kettlebell is commonly referred to as "one-and-half ''pood'' kettlebell" ({{Transliteration|ru|polutorapudovaya girya}}). It is also sometimes used when reporting the amounts of bulk agricultural production, such as grains or potatoes. | Its usage is preserved in modern Russian in certain specific cases, e.g., in reference to sports weights, such as traditional Russian [[kettlebell]]s, cast in multiples and fractions of 16 kg (which is ''pood'' rounded to metric units). For example, a 24 kg kettlebell is commonly referred to as "one-and-half ''pood'' kettlebell" ({{Transliteration|ru|polutorapudovaya girya}}). It is also sometimes used when reporting the amounts of bulk agricultural production, such as grains or potatoes. | ||
[[File:Рисунки к статье «Орудие артиллерийское». Таблица № 1. Военная энциклопедия Сытина (Санкт-Петербург, 1911-1915).jpg|thumb|1915 diagram showing various artillery pieces, with [[Shell (projectile)|shell]] weights given in poods.]] | [[File:Рисунки к статье «Орудие артиллерийское». Таблица № 1. Военная энциклопедия Сытина (Санкт-Петербург, 1911-1915).jpg|thumb|1915 diagram showing various artillery pieces, with [[Shell (projectile)|shell]] weights given in poods.]] | ||
== Idioms | |||
== Idioms == | |||
An old Russian proverb reads, "You know a man when you have eaten a ''pood'' of salt with him" ({{langx|ru|Человека узнаешь, когда с ним пуд соли съешь}}). | |||
In modern colloquial Russian, the expression {{Transliteration|ru|sto pudov}} ({{Lang|ru|сто пудов}}) – 'a hundred ''poods'',' an intentional play on the foreign "hundred percent" – imparts the ponderative sense of overwhelming weight to the declarative sentence it is added to. The generic meaning of "very serious" or "absolutely sure"<ref>English-Russian-English dictionary of slang, jargon and Russian names. 2012</ref> has almost supplanted its original meaning of "very heavy weight." The adjective {{Transliteration|ru|stopudovy}} and the adverb {{Transliteration|ru|stopudovo}} are also used to convey the same sense of certainty. | In modern colloquial Russian, the expression {{Transliteration|ru|sto pudov}} ({{Lang|ru|сто пудов}}) – 'a hundred ''poods'',' an intentional play on the foreign "hundred percent" – imparts the ponderative sense of overwhelming weight to the declarative sentence it is added to. The generic meaning of "very serious" or "absolutely sure"<ref>English-Russian-English dictionary of slang, jargon and Russian names. 2012</ref> has almost supplanted its original meaning of "very heavy weight." The adjective {{Transliteration|ru|stopudovy}} and the adverb {{Transliteration|ru|stopudovo}} are also used to convey the same sense of certainty. | ||
The word is also used in [[Polish language|Polish]] idiomatically or as a proverb (with the original/strict meaning commonly forgotten): {{Lang|pl|nudy na pudy}} (Polish for 'unsupportable boredoms', literally 'boredoms [that could be measured] in ''poods''<nowiki/>') | The word is also used in [[Polish language|Polish]] idiomatically or as a proverb (with the original/strict meaning commonly forgotten): {{Lang|pl|nudy na pudy}} (Polish for 'unsupportable boredoms', literally 'boredoms [that could be measured] in ''poods''<nowiki/>'). | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==Sources== | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Cardarelli |first1=François |title=Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures: Their SI Equivalences and Origins |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4471-0003-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OnrkBwAAQBAJ |language=en}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Gyllenbok |first1=Jan |title=Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures: Volume 3 |date=12 April 2018 |publisher=Birkhäuser |isbn=978-3-319-66712-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJJVDwAAQBAJ |language=en}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Treese |first1=Steven A. |title=History and Measurement of the Base and Derived Units |date=17 May 2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-77577-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bi1bDwAAQBAJ |language=en}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.convert-me.com/en/convert/history_weight/rpood.html Conversion factors from pood to other units of mass (contemporary and ancient)] | *[http://www.convert-me.com/en/convert/history_weight/rpood.html Conversion factors from pood to other units of mass (contemporary and ancient)] | ||
[[Category:Obsolete units of measurement]] | [[Category:Obsolete Russian units of measurement]] | ||
[[Category:Units of mass]] | [[Category:Units of mass]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:02, 5 December 2025
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The pood (Template:Lang-rus, plural: Script error: No such module "lang". or Script error: No such module "lang".) is an obsolete Russian unit of mass equal to 40 funt (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Russian pound).Template:Sfn Since 1899, it has been set to approximately 16.38 kilograms (36.11 pounds).Template:Sfn[1] The pood was first mentioned in the 12th century.Template:Sfn
Use in the past and present
The pood is first mentioned in documents dating to the 12th century.Template:Sfn It is mentioned in the charter of Vsevolod Mstislavich, the prince of Novgorod, dating to 1134–1135. It is also mentioned in the chronicle of Novgorod under the year 1170.[2]
In 1899, the metric system was introduced into Russia and made obligatory in 1918.[3] Together with other units of weight of the obsolete Russian weight measurement system, the Soviet Union officially abolished the pood in 1924. The term remained in widespread use until at least the 1940s.[4]
Its usage is preserved in modern Russian in certain specific cases, e.g., in reference to sports weights, such as traditional Russian kettlebells, cast in multiples and fractions of 16 kg (which is pood rounded to metric units). For example, a 24 kg kettlebell is commonly referred to as "one-and-half pood kettlebell" (Script error: No such module "lang".). It is also sometimes used when reporting the amounts of bulk agricultural production, such as grains or potatoes.
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Idioms
An old Russian proverb reads, "You know a man when you have eaten a pood of salt with him" (Template:Langx).
In modern colloquial Russian, the expression Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) – 'a hundred poods,' an intentional play on the foreign "hundred percent" – imparts the ponderative sense of overwhelming weight to the declarative sentence it is added to. The generic meaning of "very serious" or "absolutely sure"[5] has almost supplanted its original meaning of "very heavy weight." The adjective Script error: No such module "lang". and the adverb Script error: No such module "lang". are also used to convey the same sense of certainty.
The word is also used in Polish idiomatically or as a proverb (with the original/strict meaning commonly forgotten): Script error: No such module "Lang". (Polish for 'unsupportable boredoms', literally 'boredoms [that could be measured] in poods').
References
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Sources
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