Erode: Difference between revisions

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| position = center
| position = center
| border = 0
| border = 0
| foot_montage = From top, left to right: [[River Kaveri|Kaveri river]], [[Erode district|District collectorate]], [[Erode Junction railway station]], Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai and [[Thindal Murugan Temple]]
| foot_montage = From top, left to right: [[Kaveri river]], [[Erode district|District collectorate]], [[Erode Junction railway station]], Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai and [[Thindal Murugan Temple]]
}}
}}
| nicknames          = Turmeric city <br /> Textile city
| nicknames          = Turmeric city <br /> Textile city
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| area_rank          =  
| area_rank          =  
| elevation_footnotes =  
| elevation_footnotes =  
| elevation_m        = 175.3<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earth.google.com|title=Coordinates_and_Elevation_Erode_Tamil_Nadu_Indiapublisher=Google Earth|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 175.3<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earth.google.com|title=Coordinates and Elevation|publisher=[[Google Earth]]|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
| elevation_ft      = 575.1
| elevation_ft      = 575.1
| population_total  = 157,101
| population_total  = 157,101
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| official_name      =  
| official_name      =  
}}
}}
'''Erode''' ({{IPA|ta|iːɾoːɽɯ|lang}}; īrōṭu), is a city in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located on the banks of the [[Kaveri river]] and is surrounded by the [[Western Ghats]]. It is the [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu|seventh largest]] urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative capital of [[Erode district]] and is administered by the [[Erode Municipal Corporation]] which was established in 2008.


'''Erode''' ({{IPA|ta|iːɾoːɽɯ|lang}}; īrōṭu), is a city in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located on the banks of the [[River Kaveri|Kaveri river]] and is surrounded by the [[Western Ghats]]. Erode is the seventh largest [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu|urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu]]. It is the administrative capital of [[Erode district]] and is administered by the [[Erode Municipal Corporation]] which was established in 2008.
Erode formed part of the [[Kongu Nadu]] region ruled by the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]] during the [[Sangam period]] between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. The [[medieval Cholas]] conquered the region in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in the 15th century followed by the [[Madurai Nayaks|Nayaks]] who introduced the [[Polygar|Polygar system]]. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and following the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]], the [[British East India Company]] annexed it to the [[Madras Presidency]] in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the second [[Poligar War]] (1801) when it was the area of operations of [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]].


The [[Kongu Nadu|region]] was ruled by the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]] during the [[Sangam period]] between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. The [[medieval Cholas]] conquered the region in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in the 15th century followed by the [[Madurai Nayaks|Nayaks]] who introduced the [[Polygar|Palayakkarar system]]. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and following the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]], the [[British East India Company]] annexed it to the [[Madras Presidency]] in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the second [[Poligar War]] (1801) when it was the area of operations of [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]].
Post [[Independence of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947, Erode was part of [[Coimbatore district]]. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Erode district in 1979. It forms part of [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode Lok Sabha constituency]] that elects its [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of parliament]]. The city is a major agricultural, industrial and educational hub. It is amongst the largest producers of [[turmeric]] in the state and [[Erode Turmeric]] is recognized as a [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] by the [[Government of India]]. The textile boom in the early 20th century and rapid growth due to industrialization has seen Erode becoming a major producer of [[handloom]] and [[knitwear]].
 
Post [[Independence of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947, Erode was part of [[Coimbatore district]]. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Erode district in 1979. Erode is a part of [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode Lok Sabha constituency]] that elects its [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of parliament]]. Erode is a major agricultural, industrial and educational hub. Erode is among the largest producers of [[turmeric]] and [[Erode Turmeric]] is recognized as [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indications]] by the [[Government of India]]. The textile boom in the early 20th century and rapid growth due to industrialization has seen Erode becoming a major producer of [[handloom]] and [[knitwear]].


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
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== History ==
== History ==
During [[Sangam period]], the region formed a part of the [[Kongu Nadu]] region ruled by [[Chera Dynasty|Cheras]] and then by [[Kalabhra dynasty|Kalabhras]]. The region came under the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyas]] around 590 [[Common Era|CE]]. Afterward, it was ruled by [[Rashtrakutas]] and by [[Cholas]] from the 10th to early 13th century. Erode was annexed by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in 1378 CE till 1559 CE. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the [[Madurai Nayaks]] established their state as an independent kingdom introducing the [[Polygar|Palayakkarar system]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=The land called Kongunad|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|access-date=9 June 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 November 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528171005/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|archive-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> Erode became a part of the Hindu [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wodeyar]]-ruled [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Kingdom]] in the early 1700s CE before coming under the control of the [[British East India Company]] with [[Maharaja of Mysore]] still as a nominal ruler. Erode remained under [[British Raj|British Colonial]] rule until the Indian independence in 1947.<ref name="urbaninfra30">Urban Infrastructure Report 2006, p. 30</ref><ref name="history">{{cite web|title=Historical moments|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |publisher=Erode municipality |access-date=29 December 2012 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224145248/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |archive-date=24 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="disthistory">{{cite web|title=Historical moments of Erode district|url=http://erode.nic.in/aboutdist.htm|publisher=Erode District Administration|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref>
During [[Sangam period]], the region formed a part of the [[Kongu Nadu]] region ruled by [[Chera Dynasty|Cheras]] and then by [[Kalabhra dynasty|Kalabhras]]. The region came under the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyas]] around 590 [[Common Era|CE]]. Afterward, it was ruled by [[Rashtrakutas]] and by [[Cholas]] from the 10th to early 13th century. Erode was annexed by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in 1378 CE till 1559 CE. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the [[Madurai Nayaks]] established their state as an independent kingdom introducing the [[Polygar|Palayakkarar system]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=The land called Kongunad|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|access-date=9 June 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 November 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528171005/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|archive-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> Erode became a part of the Hindu [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wodeyar]]-ruled [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Kingdom]] in the early 1700s CE before coming under the control of the [[British East India Company]] with [[Maharaja of Mysore]] still as a nominal ruler. Erode remained under [[British Raj|British Colonial]] rule until the Indian independence in 1947.<ref name="history">{{cite web|title=Historical moments|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |publisher=Erode Corporation|access-date=29 December 2012 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224145248/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |archive-date=24 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Historical moments of Erode district|url=http://erode.nic.in/aboutdist.htm|publisher=Erode District Administration|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref>


==Climate==
==Climate==
Erode has a [[semi-arid climate]] with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from {{convert|80|°F|°C}} to {{convert|96|°F|°C}} with an average rainfall of {{convert|543|mm|in|1|disp=or}}. Like the rest of Tamil Nadu, March to June are the hottest and December to January the mildest months of the year. Because [[Monsoon of South Asia|the Southwest monsoon]] (June to August) brings scanty rainfall, the bulk of Erode's rainfall is received during [[Monsoon of South Asia|the Northeast monsoon]] in October and November. The city covers an area of {{convert|8.44|sqkm|sqm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="abtcity">{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|title=About Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726001227/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|archive-date=26 July 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
Erode has a [[semi-arid climate]] with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from {{cvt|80|to(-)|96|°F|°C|order=flip}} with an average rainfall of {{convert|543|mm|in|1}}. Like the rest of Tamil Nadu, March to June are the hottest and December to January the mildest months of the year. Because [[Monsoon of South Asia|the Southwest monsoon]] (June to August) brings scanty rainfall, the bulk of Erode's rainfall is received during [[Monsoon of South Asia|the Northeast monsoon]] in October and November. The city covers an area of {{cvt|8.44|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|title=About Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726001227/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|archive-date=26 July 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>


{{Weather box|width = auto
{{Weather box|width = auto
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|2011|498129
|2011|498129
|footnote=Sources:
|footnote=Sources:
* 1901 – 2001<ref name="urbaninfra3134">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2006, pp. 31-34</ref>
* 1901 – 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=Census population by towns and urban agglomerations|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/india/census-population-by-towns-and-urban-agglomerations-tamil-nadu/census-population-tamil-nadu-erode|work=CEIC|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>
* 2011<ref name="Smart">{{cite web|title=Smart City Challenge-Erode|url=http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/city/erode|publisher=Government of India|access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
* 2011<ref name="Smart">{{cite web|title=Smart City Challenge-Erode|url=http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/city/erode|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}


{{bar box|title=Religion in Erode city<ref name=religion2011/>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|DarkOrange|83.15}}{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|12.37}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|purple|3.94}}}}
{{bar box|title=Religion in Erode city<ref name=religion2011/>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|DarkOrange|83.15}}{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|12.37}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|purple|3.94}}}}


As of 2011, Erode has 521,776<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|year=2013|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above the national average of 929. A literacy rate of 85% compares favorably to the national average of 73%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The city had 43,184 households, with [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounting for 11% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Of its 66,135 workers, 61,382 are classified as other workers and the rest in agriculture and household industries.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Erode|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=686226|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As of 2001, 52 slums were identified with 33,000 people residing in slums.<ref name="urbaninfra43">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 43</ref> Per the religious census of 2011, Erode had 83% [[Hindus]], 12% [[Muslims]] and 4% [[Christians]].<ref name="religion2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|format=XLS|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> The population had increased 11 times during the 20th century.<ref name="urbaninfra3134" /> While [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is the main spoken language and Kannada is also spoken widely, English is common as the medium of instruction in educational institutions and in the service sector.<ref name="urbaninfra4">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 4</ref>
As of 2011, Erode has 521,776<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|year=2013|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above the national average of 929. A literacy rate of 85% compares favorably to the national average of 73%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The city had 43,184 households, with [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounting for 11% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Of its 66,135 workers, 61,382 are classified as other workers and the rest in agriculture and household industries.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Erode|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=686226|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the 2011 census, [[Hinduism]] was the majority religion with 83% adherents followed by [[Islam]] (12%) and [[Christianity]] (4%).<ref name="religion2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|format=XLS|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is the major spoken language in the city.<ref>{{cite report|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10222/download/13334/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105145137/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10222/download/13334/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:Erode rugs.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Fabrics and [[Carpet|rugs]] made in Erode are famous throughout India and are exported]]
[[File:Erode rugs.jpg|right|thumb|[[Textiles]] is a major industry in the city]]
The economy of Erode is dependent majorly on agriculture and textiles. It a textile hub specializing in [[hand-loom]] and [[knitwear]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Erode has potential to become textile heaven says Narendra Modi|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-erode-has-potential-to-become-a-textile-heaven-says-narendra-modi-1979317|newspaper=DNA India|date=17 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/possibilities-for-improving-vehicular-traffic-flow-explored/article7627408.ece|title=Possibilities for improving vehicular traffic flow explored|date=8 September 2015|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Erode is among the largest producers of [[turmeric]].<ref>Prasad S., Aggarwal, B., Turmeric, the Golden Spice; in: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects; editors: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton, 2011. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118233819/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2015|title=Turmeric at an all-time high price|date=29 December 2009|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> [[Erode Turmeric]] is recognized as [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indications]] by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/070319/erode-turmeric-gets-gi-tag.html|title=Erode turmeric gets GI tag|date=6 March 2019|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> Erode is one of the largest manufacturers of food products in the state with several food product manufacturers and poultries having established their base in and around the city.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Erode-a-destination-for-food-processing-sector/article14385160.ece| title = Erode, a destination for food processing sector - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 5 June 2016| last1 = Kathiresan| first1 = Kaviya}}</ref> It also has one of the largest markets for [[coconut]] and [[coconut oil]] in South India.<ref name="industry">{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|title=Industries Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004816/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Other major industries include [[leather]] processing, paper manufacturing and [[sugarcane]] processing. There are several small and medium-scale industries like [[dal]] mills, cotton mills, [[Dalda|vanaspathi]] manufacturers, [[wax]], [[screen printing]], and printing presses are located in the city.


The [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] of Erode district grew at 15.5% in 2008 ahead of the state's [[GDP]] growth by 4%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218190238/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2007|title=Erode GDP is better than that of the State|date=15 December 2007|access-date=2013-07-01|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> According to [[Census of India|Indian Census]] of 2001, urban [[Employment-to-population ratio|workforce participation rate]] for Erode is 35% with growth in [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary]] and [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sectors]] and a corresponding decrease in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]]. Major employment is provided by [[textile industry]], [[Turmeric|turmeric industry]] and oil and [[Rice huller|rice mills]] with 69% of its workforce employed in tertiary sector. Nethaji Market is a wholesale, and retail central market for vegetables and fruits with plans to establish a new wholesale market in the outskirts of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/erode/tomato-glut-dips-prices-in-market/articleshow/62186164.cms|title=Tomato glut dips prices in market |newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 December 2017|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Shifting-of-market-on-the-anvil/article14426815.ece|title=Shifting of market on the anvil|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 June 2016|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>
The economy of Erode is dependent majorly on [[agriculture]] and [[textiles]]. It is a major textile hub specializing in [[handloom]] and [[knitwear]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Erode has potential to become textile heaven says Narendra Modi|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-erode-has-potential-to-become-a-textile-heaven-says-narendra-modi-1979317|newspaper=DNA India|date=17 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/possibilities-for-improving-vehicular-traffic-flow-explored/article7627408.ece|title=Possibilities for improving vehicular traffic flow explored|date=8 September 2015|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Erode is among the largest producers of [[turmeric]] in the state.<ref>Prasad S., Aggarwal, B., Turmeric, the Golden Spice; in: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects; editors: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton, 2011. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118233819/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2015|title=Turmeric at an all-time high price|date=29 December 2009|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> [[Erode Turmeric]] is recognized as a [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/070319/erode-turmeric-gets-gi-tag.html|title=Erode turmeric gets GI tag|date=6 March 2019|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> Several food processing industries and [[poultry]] farms operate in and around the city.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Erode-a-destination-for-food-processing-sector/article14385160.ece| title = Erode, a destination for food processing sector| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]| date = 5 June 2016| last1 = Kathiresan| first1 = Kaviya}}</ref> It is one of the largest markets for [[coconut]] and [[coconut oil]] in South India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|title=Industries Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004816/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
 
The [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] of Erode district grew at 15.5% in 2008 ahead of the state's [[GDP]] growth by 4%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218190238/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2007|title=Erode GDP is better than that of the State|date=15 December 2007|access-date=1 July 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> According to [[Census of India|Indian Census]] of 2001, urban [[Employment-to-population ratio|workforce participation rate]] for Erode is 35% with growth in [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary]] and [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sectors]] and a corresponding decrease in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]]. Major employment is provided by [[textile industry]], [[Turmeric|turmeric industry]] and oil and [[Rice huller|rice mills]] with 69% of its workforce employed in tertiary sector. Nethaji Market is a wholesale, and retail central market for vegetables and fruits with plans to establish a new wholesale market in the outskirts of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/erode/tomato-glut-dips-prices-in-market/articleshow/62186164.cms|title=Tomato glut dips prices in market |newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 December 2017|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Shifting-of-market-on-the-anvil/article14426815.ece|title=Shifting of market on the anvil|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 June 2016|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>


==Administration and politics==
==Administration and politics==
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| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||[[V. C. Chandhirakumar|V. C. Chandrakumar]] (Erode East)<ref name="MLA1 of Erode2">{{cite web|year=2011|title=Take oath as MLA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/223-take-oath-as-newly-elected-mlas-of-tamil-nadu-assembly/article34534723.ece|access-date=|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||[[V. C. Chandhirakumar|V. C. Chandrakumar]] (Erode East)<ref name="MLA1 of Erode2">{{cite web|year=2011|title=Take oath as MLA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/223-take-oath-as-newly-elected-mlas-of-tamil-nadu-assembly/article34534723.ece|access-date=|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|}
|}
Law and order is maintained by Erode sub division of [[Tamil Nadu Police]] headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are seven law & order police stations located at [[Karungalpalayam]], Bazaar, [[Surampatti]], [[Veerappanchatram]], Rangampalayam, [[Chithode]] and Periyar GH Police Station. There are special units like armed reserve, prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations,%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|title=Erode Police|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004052/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations%2C%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Erode is the headquarters of [[Erode District]] which was bifurcated from [[Coimbatore District]] in 1979. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1871, promoted to special-grade during 1980 and upgraded as a corporation in 2008. City's corporation area covers part of [[Bhavani (State Assembly Constituency)|Bhavani]], [[Modakkurichi (State Assembly Constituency)|Modakurichi]], [[Perundurai (State Assembly Constituency)|Perundurai]] and [[Kumarapalayam (State Assembly Constituency)|Komarapalayam]] constituencies. Its functions are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT) under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|title=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|year=2006|publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106103849/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|archive-date=6 November 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Erode has 60 wards with an elected councillor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|title=About the municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001900/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The legislative powers are vested in a body of 60 members, one each from the 60 wards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|title=Councillors of municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614172753/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson.<ref>{{citation|year=1995|title=Economic and political weekly, Volume 30|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|page=2396}}</ref> Erode has two state assembly constituencies namely [[Erode East (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode East]] and [[Erode West (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode West]] to elect members (MLA) to [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years and forms part of the parliamentary constituency that elects its member (MP) to the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|year=2010|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Tamil Nadu state government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
Erode is the headquarters of [[Erode District]] which was bifurcated from [[Coimbatore District]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Erode district|url=https://erode.nic.in/about-district|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410145843/https://erode.nic.in/about-district/|archive-date=10 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is administered by [[Erode Municipal Corporation]]. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1871, promoted to special-grade during 1980 and upgraded as a corporation in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|title=About the municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001900/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The city is sub-divided into 60 wards represented by elected councillors, who form part of the city council headed by a mayor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|title=Councillors of municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614172753/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The functions of the corporation are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|title=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|year=2006|publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106103849/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|archive-date=6 November 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
 
Law and order is maintained by Erode sub division of [[Tamil Nadu Police]] headed by a [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]]. There are seven police stations located at [[Karungalpalayam]], Bazaar, [[Surampatti]], [[Veerappanchatram]], Rangampalayam, [[Chithode]] and Government hospital. There are special units like armed reserve, prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations,%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|title=Erode Police|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004052/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations%2C%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Erode has two state assembly constituencies namely [[Erode East (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode East]] and [[Erode West (State Assembly Constituency)|Erode West]], which elect members to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years and forms part of the [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency]] that elects its member to the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|year=2010|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Tamil Nadu state government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>


==Public services==
==Public services==
{{Main|List of Educational Institutions in Erode}}
{{see|List of Educational Institutions in Erode}}
As of 2006, there were 46 [[Education in India|public]] and [[private school]]s with four technical institutes. Three types of schools operate in Erode: government run schools, schools funded by the government but run by private trusts (aided schools) and schools funded completely by private trusts. Schools come under the purview of the Erode education district and may follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation or CBSE syllabus. There are four playgrounds in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|title=Educational Institutions|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004152/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
 
Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]]. The city along with its suburbs form a part of Erode Electricity Distribution Circle, headed by a chief distribution engineer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|title=Important Address|year=2011|publisher=Indian Wind Power Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045943/http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Water supply is provided by Erode Municipality, and is drawn from the [[Kaveri]] river and stored across eight reservoirs. For 2000–01, 14 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|title=Water Supply Details|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926235346/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> About 110-125 metric tonnes of solid waste were processed by the sanitary department in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|title=Waste management programme|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701061019/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As there is no underground [[drainage]] system, disposal of [[Greywater|sullage]] is through [[septic tank]]s, [[Open collector|open drains]] and public conveniences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|title=Erode sewarage|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> with its {{convert|192|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[Storm drain|storm water drains]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|title=Storm water drains of Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Government General Hospital serves as primary center of healthcare with several private hospitals providing supporting care.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|title=Erode hospitals|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802023538/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|archive-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As of 2011, municipality maintained 4,678 [[Street light|street lamps]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|title=Erode street lights|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908064918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|archive-date=8 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The corporation operates two vegetable markets and a textile market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|title=Erode markets|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113023418/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>


Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]] (TNEB) as the city along with its suburbs forms Erode Electricity Distribution Circle. A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|title=Important Address|year=2011|publisher=Indian Wind Power Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045943/http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Water supply is provided by Erode Municipality from river [[Kaveri]] through its eight reservoirs. For 2000–01, 14 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|title=Water Supply Details|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926235346/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> About 110-125 metric tonnes of solid waste were processed by the sanitary department in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|title=Waste management programme|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701061019/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As there is no underground [[drainage]] system, disposal of [[Greywater|sullage]] is through [[septic tank]]s, [[Open collector|open drains]] and public conveniences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|title=Erode sewarage|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> with its {{convert|192|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[Storm drain|storm water drains]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|title=Storm water drains of Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Government General Hospital serves as primary center of healthcare with several private hospitals providing supporting care.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|title=Erode hospitals|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802023538/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|archive-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As of 2011, municipality maintained 4,678 [[Street light|street lamps]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|title=Erode street lights|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908064918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|archive-date=8 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The corporation operates two vegetable markets and a textile market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|title=Erode markets|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113023418/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
As of 2006, there were 46 [[Education in India|public]] and [[private school]]s with four technical institutes. These include government run schools, schools funded by the government (aided schools) and private schools. These schools come under the purview of the Erode education district and follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation or [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] syllabus. There are four playgrounds in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|title=Educational Institutions|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004152/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>


==Transport==
==Transport==
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===Air===
===Air===
The nearest airport to Erode is [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] at a distance of {{cvt|84|km}} which is connected to and from Chennai. The major international airport is [[Coimbatore International Airport]] at a distance of {{cvt|91|km}} with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]] and [[Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/coimbatore-airport-to-get-more-facilities/article4097670.ece|title=Coimbatore airport to get more facilities|date=15 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>
The nearest airport to Erode is [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] at a distance of {{cvt|84|km}} which is connected to and from Chennai. The major international airport is [[Coimbatore International Airport]] at a distance of {{cvt|91|km}} with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]] and [[Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/coimbatore-airport-to-get-more-facilities/article4097670.ece|title=Coimbatore airport to get more facilities|date=15 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>


==Places of interest==
==Places of interest==
[[File:PERIYAR MEMORIAL HOUSE.jpg|thumb|200px|Periya Memorial House in Erode]]
[[File:PERIYAR MEMORIAL HOUSE.jpg|thumb|Periyar Memorial House in Erode]]
[[Thindal Murugan Temple]], situated {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the city, is the most prominent temple in the city. [[Periya Mariamman Temple]], [[Natadreeswarar Temple]], the hillock temple of the [[Kaveri]] river, [[Sangameswarar Temple]] are prominent religious destinations in the city. While the city is built around a demolished fort, a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar ([[Shiva]]) praising the [[Saiva]] and one for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal ([[Vishnu]]) praising the [[Vaishnava]] aspects of [[Hinduism]] were built. E.V.R Corporation Museum and Thanthai Periyar Memorial House are memorials depicting the life of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]. [[Sankagiri Fort]] and [[Vellode Bird Sanctuary]] are other visitor attractions around the city.<ref name="tourist">{{Cite web|title=Visitor attracts at Erode |publisher=Erode municipality |url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |year=2011|access-date=29 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004047/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Erode museum to host exhibition on A.W. Brough |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123190042/http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2009|date=19 November 2009|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date= 29 December 2012}}</ref> [[Brough Memorial Church|CSI Brough Memorial Church]], located on Meenatchi Sundaranar Road (formerly Brough Road) was consecrated in 1933 by Rev. Antony Watson Brough (1861 -1936), an Australian Missionary.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-11-22|title=Renaming of Brough Road opposed|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/renaming-of-brough-road-opposed/article30054745.ece|access-date=2021-08-29|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
The [[Thindal Murugan Temple]], situated {{cvt|6|km}} from the city center, [[Periya Mariamman Temple]], and [[Natadreeswarar Temple]], are prominent religious destinations in the city. While the city was built around a demolished fort, a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar ([[Shiva]]) praising the [[Saiva]] and one for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal ([[Vishnu]]) praising the [[Vaishnava]] aspects of [[Hinduism]] were built. The E.V.R. Museum, [[Vellode Bird Sanctuary]], and Thanthai Periyar Memorial House, the former residence of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]], who was born in the city, are other major attractions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitor attracts at Erode |publisher=Erode municipality |url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |year=2011|access-date=29 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004047/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Erode museum to host exhibition on A.W. Brough |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123190042/http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2009|date=19 November 2009|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date= 29 December 2012}}</ref> [[Brough Memorial Church|CSI Brough Memorial Church]], located on Meenatchi Sundaranar Road was consecrated in 1933 by Antony Watson Brough (1861 -1936), an Australian missionary.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 November 2019|title=Renaming of Brough Road opposed|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/renaming-of-brough-road-opposed/article30054745.ece|access-date=1 June 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==
Line 309: Line 312:
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Iswarya Menon]] (born 1995), actress
* [[Iswarya Menon]] (born 1995), actress
* [[J.Prabu]] (born 1986), actor and director
* [[J.Prabu]] (born 1986), actor and film director
* [[Erode Mahesh|Mahesh]] (born 1981), TV artist and comedian
* [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]], (1879 - 1973), social reformer
* [[Rio Raj]] (born 1989), actor
* [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] (1887 - 1920), mathematician
* [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] (1887 - 1920), mathematician
* [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]], (1879 - 1973), social reformer
* [[Sundar C]] (born 1968), actor and film director


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Erode| ]]
[[Category:Erode| ]]
[[Category:Textile industry of India]]
[[Category:Textile industry in India]]

Latest revision as of 04:21, 10 December 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Use Indian English Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Erode (Script error: No such module "IPA".; īrōṭu), is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Kaveri river and is surrounded by the Western Ghats. It is the seventh largest urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative capital of Erode district and is administered by the Erode Municipal Corporation which was established in 2008.

Erode formed part of the Kongu Nadu region ruled by the Cheras during the Sangam period between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. The medieval Cholas conquered the region in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century followed by the Nayaks who introduced the Polygar system. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the Kingdom of Mysore and following the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed it to the Madras Presidency in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the second Poligar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.

Post Indian Independence in 1947, Erode was part of Coimbatore district. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Erode district in 1979. It forms part of Erode Lok Sabha constituency that elects its member of parliament. The city is a major agricultural, industrial and educational hub. It is amongst the largest producers of turmeric in the state and Erode Turmeric is recognized as a Geographical Indication by the Government of India. The textile boom in the early 20th century and rapid growth due to industrialization has seen Erode becoming a major producer of handloom and knitwear.

Etymology

There are two theories regarding the origin of the name Erode. It might have its origin in the Tamil phrase Eeru Odai meaning two streams based on the water courses Perumpallam and Pichaikaranpallam canals.[1] Alternatively, it might have been derived from the Tamil phrase Eera Odu meaning 'wet skull', based on the temple of Shiva in the city and the mythology associated with it.[2][3][4]

History

During Sangam period, the region formed a part of the Kongu Nadu region ruled by Cheras and then by Kalabhras. The region came under the Pandyas around 590 CE. Afterward, it was ruled by Rashtrakutas and by Cholas from the 10th to early 13th century. Erode was annexed by Vijayanagara Empire in 1378 CE till 1559 CE. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom introducing the Palayakkarar system.[5] Erode became a part of the Hindu Wodeyar-ruled Mysore Kingdom in the early 1700s CE before coming under the control of the British East India Company with Maharaja of Mysore still as a nominal ruler. Erode remained under British Colonial rule until the Indian independence in 1947.[6][7]

Climate

Erode has a semi-arid climate with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from Template:Cvt with an average rainfall of Script error: No such module "convert".. Like the rest of Tamil Nadu, March to June are the hottest and December to January the mildest months of the year. Because the Southwest monsoon (June to August) brings scanty rainfall, the bulk of Erode's rainfall is received during the Northeast monsoon in October and November. The city covers an area of Template:Cvt.[8]

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Demographics

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Religion in Erode city[9]
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
 
 83.15%
Islam
 
 12.37%
Christianity
 
 3.94%

As of 2011, Erode has 521,776[10] in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above the national average of 929. A literacy rate of 85% compares favorably to the national average of 73%.[10] The city had 43,184 households, with Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounting for 11% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Of its 66,135 workers, 61,382 are classified as other workers and the rest in agriculture and household industries.[11] As per the 2011 census, Hinduism was the majority religion with 83% adherents followed by Islam (12%) and Christianity (4%).[9] Tamil is the major spoken language in the city.[12]

Economy

File:Erode rugs.jpg
Textiles is a major industry in the city

The economy of Erode is dependent majorly on agriculture and textiles. It is a major textile hub specializing in handloom and knitwear.[13][14] Erode is among the largest producers of turmeric in the state.[15][16] Erode Turmeric is recognized as a Geographical Indication by the Government of India.[17] Several food processing industries and poultry farms operate in and around the city.[18] It is one of the largest markets for coconut and coconut oil in South India.[19]

The GDP of Erode district grew at 15.5% in 2008 ahead of the state's GDP growth by 4%.[20] According to Indian Census of 2001, urban workforce participation rate for Erode is 35% with growth in secondary and tertiary sectors and a corresponding decrease in the primary sector. Major employment is provided by textile industry, turmeric industry and oil and rice mills with 69% of its workforce employed in tertiary sector. Nethaji Market is a wholesale, and retail central market for vegetables and fruits with plans to establish a new wholesale market in the outskirts of the city.[21][22]

Administration and politics

Administration
Mayor S. Nagarathinam[23]
Commissioner V. Sivakrishnamurthy[24]
Member of Parliament K. E. Prakash[25]
Member of Legislative Assembly S. Muthusamy (Erode West)[26]
Member of Legislative Assembly V. C. Chandrakumar (Erode East)[27]

Erode is the headquarters of Erode District which was bifurcated from Coimbatore District in 1979.[28] The city is administered by Erode Municipal Corporation. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1871, promoted to special-grade during 1980 and upgraded as a corporation in 2008.[29] The city is sub-divided into 60 wards represented by elected councillors, who form part of the city council headed by a mayor.[30] The functions of the corporation are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.[31]

Law and order is maintained by Erode sub division of Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent of Police. There are seven police stations located at Karungalpalayam, Bazaar, Surampatti, Veerappanchatram, Rangampalayam, Chithode and Government hospital. There are special units like armed reserve, prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch.[32] Erode has two state assembly constituencies namely Erode East and Erode West, which elect members to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and forms part of the Erode Lok Sabha constituency that elects its member to the Indian Parliament.[33]

Public services

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Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. The city along with its suburbs form a part of Erode Electricity Distribution Circle, headed by a chief distribution engineer.[34] Water supply is provided by Erode Municipality, and is drawn from the Kaveri river and stored across eight reservoirs. For 2000–01, 14 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city.[35] About 110-125 metric tonnes of solid waste were processed by the sanitary department in 2011.[36] As there is no underground drainage system, disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences[37] with its Script error: No such module "convert". of storm water drains.[38] Government General Hospital serves as primary center of healthcare with several private hospitals providing supporting care.[39] As of 2011, municipality maintained 4,678 street lamps.[40] The corporation operates two vegetable markets and a textile market.[41]

As of 2006, there were 46 public and private schools with four technical institutes. These include government run schools, schools funded by the government (aided schools) and private schools. These schools come under the purview of the Erode education district and follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation or CBSE syllabus. There are four playgrounds in the city.[42]

Transport

Road

File:Erode street life.jpg
One of the arterial roads in the city

Erode maintains Script error: No such module "convert". of local roads with Script error: No such module "convert". of concrete and rest bituminous. Additionally, Script error: No such module "convert". of state highways is maintained by State Highways Department.[43] NH 544 connecting Salem and Coimbatore bypasses the city and the National Highway NH 381A and NH 544H pass through the city. The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation has a sub-divisional headquarters at Erode (jeeva) under the Coimbatore division. Erode Central Bus Terminus, is the second Largest main bus station complex for Tamil Nadu State Express Transport Corporation and is well connected with the major cities in Tamil Nadu and neighboring states. Private carriers operate long-distance buses connecting to major cities like Chennai, Bangalore etc.[44][45] The main arterial roads include:

Rail

Erode Junction railway station is a major rail junction in Salem division of Southern Railway with a diesel locomotive shed and an electric locomotive shed attached. It also serves as a hub for water filling facilities, food provisions and cleaning services for long-distance trains that run via Erode.[46] The following are the lines running from Erode junction:

Line No. Towards Passing Through Station Type / Track
1 Salem Junction Sankagiri Broad, Electrified – Double Track[47]
2 Coimbatore Junction Tiruppur Broad, Electrified – Double Track[48]
3 Trichy Junction Karur Broad, Electrified - Single Track[49]

Air

The nearest airport to Erode is Salem Airport at a distance of Template:Cvt which is connected to and from Chennai. The major international airport is Coimbatore International Airport at a distance of Template:Cvt with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Singapore.[50]

Places of interest

File:PERIYAR MEMORIAL HOUSE.jpg
Periyar Memorial House in Erode

The Thindal Murugan Temple, situated Template:Cvt from the city center, Periya Mariamman Temple, and Natadreeswarar Temple, are prominent religious destinations in the city. While the city was built around a demolished fort, a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar (Shiva) praising the Saiva and one for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal (Vishnu) praising the Vaishnava aspects of Hinduism were built. The E.V.R. Museum, Vellode Bird Sanctuary, and Thanthai Periyar Memorial House, the former residence of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, who was born in the city, are other major attractions.[51][52] CSI Brough Memorial Church, located on Meenatchi Sundaranar Road was consecrated in 1933 by Antony Watson Brough (1861 -1936), an Australian missionary.[53]

Notable people

References

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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Prasad S., Aggarwal, B., Turmeric, the Golden Spice; in: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects; editors: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton, 2011. [1]
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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Template:Erode district

  1. REDIRECT Template:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu

Template:Authority control

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