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==Evolution== | ==Evolution== | ||
The genus ''Tapirus'' first appeared during the Middle [[Miocene]] (around 16-10 million years ago), known fossils in both Europe (''T. telleri'') and North America (''T. johnsoni'' and ''T. polkensis'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pandolfi |first1=Luca |last2=Sorbelli |first2=Leonardo |last3=Oms |first3=Oriol |last4=Rodriguez-Salgado |first4=Pablo |last5=Campeny |first5=Gerard |last6=de Soler |first6=Bruno Gómez |last7=Grandi |first7=Federica |last8=Agustí |first8=Jordi |last9=Madurell-Malapeira |first9=Joan |date=January 2023 |title=The Tapirus from Camp dels Ninots (NE Iberia): implications for morphology, morphometry and phylogeny of Neogene Tapiridae |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2150117P |issn=1477-2019}}</ref> The youngest tapir in Europe, ''[[Tapirus arvernensis]]'' became extinct at the end of the Pliocene, around 2.6 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cirilli |first1=Omar |last2=Pandolfi |first2=Luca |last3=Bernor |first3=Raymond L. |date=December 2020 |title=The Villafranchian perissodactyls of Italy: knowledge of the fossil record and future research perspectives |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699520300875 |journal=Geobios |language=en |volume=63 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2020Geobi..63....1C |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.001 |s2cid=228974817|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''Tapirus'' dispersed into South America during the Early Pleistocene as part of the [[Great American Interchange]], around 2.6-1 million years ago.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Holanda |first1=Elizete Celestino |last2=Ferrero |first2=Brenda Soledad |date=March 2013 |title=Reappraisal of the Genus ''Tapirus'' (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=33–44 |doi=10.1007/s10914-012-9196-z |s2cid=15780542 |hdl-access=free |hdl=11336/18792}}</ref> | The genus ''Tapirus'' first appeared during the Middle [[Miocene]] (around 16-10 million years ago), known fossils in both Europe (''T. telleri'') and North America (''T. johnsoni'' and ''T. polkensis'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pandolfi |first1=Luca |last2=Sorbelli |first2=Leonardo |last3=Oms |first3=Oriol |last4=Rodriguez-Salgado |first4=Pablo |last5=Campeny |first5=Gerard |last6=de Soler |first6=Bruno Gómez |last7=Grandi |first7=Federica |last8=Agustí |first8=Jordi |last9=Madurell-Malapeira |first9=Joan |date=January 2023 |title=The Tapirus from Camp dels Ninots (NE Iberia): implications for morphology, morphometry and phylogeny of Neogene Tapiridae |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |article-number=2250117 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2150117P |issn=1477-2019}}</ref> The youngest tapir in Europe, ''[[Tapirus arvernensis]]'' became extinct at the end of the Pliocene, around 2.6 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cirilli |first1=Omar |last2=Pandolfi |first2=Luca |last3=Bernor |first3=Raymond L. |date=December 2020 |title=The Villafranchian perissodactyls of Italy: knowledge of the fossil record and future research perspectives |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699520300875 |journal=Geobios |language=en |volume=63 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2020Geobi..63....1C |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.001 |s2cid=228974817|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''Tapirus'' dispersed into South America during the Early Pleistocene as part of the [[Great American Interchange]], around 2.6-1 million years ago.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Holanda |first1=Elizete Celestino |last2=Ferrero |first2=Brenda Soledad |date=March 2013 |title=Reappraisal of the Genus ''Tapirus'' (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=33–44 |doi=10.1007/s10914-012-9196-z |s2cid=15780542 |hdl-access=free |hdl=11336/18792}}</ref> | ||
Tapirs suffered considerable extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene, and went completely extinct north of southern [[Mexico]]. | Tapirs suffered considerable extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene, and went completely extinct north of southern [[Mexico]]. | ||
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*†''[[Tapirus sanyuanensis]]'' <small>Huang & Fang, 1991</small><ref name=Tong /> | *†''[[Tapirus sanyuanensis]]'' <small>Huang & Fang, 1991</small><ref name=Tong /> | ||
*†''[[Tapirus simpsoni]]'' <small>Schultz et al., 1975</small> | *†''[[Tapirus simpsoni]]'' <small>Schultz et al., 1975</small> | ||
*†''[[Tapirus sinensis]]'' <small>Owen, 1870</small><ref name=Tong>{{cite journal |last1=Tong |first1=H. |title=On fossil remains of Early Pleistocene tapir (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Fanchang, Anhui |journal=Chinese Science Bulletin |date=2002 |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=586–590 |doi=10.1360/02tb9135 |doi-broken-date= | *†''[[Tapirus sinensis]]'' <small>Owen, 1870</small><ref name=Tong>{{cite journal |last1=Tong |first1=H. |title=On fossil remains of Early Pleistocene tapir (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Fanchang, Anhui |journal=Chinese Science Bulletin |date=2002 |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=586–590 |doi=10.1360/02tb9135 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |bibcode=2002ChSBu..47..586T |s2cid=128416226 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1360/02tb9135|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
*†''[[Tapirus tarijensis]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1902</small> | *†''[[Tapirus tarijensis]]'' <small>Ameghino, 1902</small> | ||
*†''[[Tapirus veroensis]]'' <small>Sellards, 1918</small> | *†''[[Tapirus veroensis]]'' <small>Sellards, 1918</small> | ||
Latest revision as of 20:36, 28 September 2025
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Tapirus is a genus of tapir which contains the living tapir species. The Malayan tapir is usually included in Tapirus as well, although some authorities have moved it into its own genus, Acrocodia.[1]
Extant species
| Image | Common name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Baird's tapir (92135).jpg | Baird's tapir (also called the Central American tapir) | Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865) | Mexico, Central America and northwestern South America. |
| File:Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) male (27546923604).jpg | South American tapir (also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir) | Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | Venezuela, Colombia, and the Guianas in the north to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay in the south, to Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador in the West |
| File:Tapirus pinchaque portrait.jpg | Mountain tapir (also called the woolly tapir) | Tapirus pinchaque (Roulin, 1829) | Eastern and Central Cordilleras mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, and the far north of Peru. |
| File:Schabrackentapir Tapirus indicus Tiergarten-Nuernberg-1.jpg | Malayan tapir (also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir) | Tapirus indicus (Desmarest, 1819) | Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand |
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_male_(27546923604).jpg){kind=link}
The Kabomani tapir was at one point recognized as another living member of the genus, but is now considered to be nested within T. terrestris.[2][3]
Evolution
The genus Tapirus first appeared during the Middle Miocene (around 16-10 million years ago), known fossils in both Europe (T. telleri) and North America (T. johnsoni and T. polkensis).[4] The youngest tapir in Europe, Tapirus arvernensis became extinct at the end of the Pliocene, around 2.6 million years ago.[5] Tapirus dispersed into South America during the Early Pleistocene as part of the Great American Interchange, around 2.6-1 million years ago.[6]
Tapirs suffered considerable extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene, and went completely extinct north of southern Mexico.
Fossil species
- †Tapirus arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828
- †Tapirus augustus Matthew & Granger, 1923 - Formerly Megatapirus
- †Tapirus californicus Merriam, 1912
- †Tapirus cristatellus Winge, 1906
- †Tapirus greslebini Rusconi, 1934
- †Tapirus haysii Simpson, 1945
- †Tapirus johnsoni Schultz et al., 1975
- †Tapirus lundeliusi Hulbert, 2010
- †Tapirus merriami Frick, 1921
- †Tapirus mesopotamicus Ferrero & Noriega, 2007
- †Tapirus oliverasi Ubilla, 1983 - Invalid[7][8]
- †Tapirus polkensis Olsen, 1860
- †Tapirus rioplatensis Cattoi, 1957
- †Tapirus rondoniensis Holanda et al., 2011
- †Tapirus sanyuanensis Huang & Fang, 1991[9]
- †Tapirus simpsoni Schultz et al., 1975
- †Tapirus sinensis Owen, 1870[9]
- †Tapirus tarijensis Ameghino, 1902
- †Tapirus veroensis Sellards, 1918
- †Tapirus webbi Hulbert, 2005
References
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