Polyphenylene sulfide: Difference between revisions
imported>Preimage added Category:Thioethers using HotCat |
|||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
[[File:Polyphenylene-sulfide-from-xtal-3D-sf.png|thumb|right|300px|[[Space-filling model]] of a short section of a polyphenylene sulfide chain from the [[crystal structure]]<ref>{{ cite journal | title = The crystal structure of poly-''p''-phenylene sulphide | first1 = B. J. | last1 = Tabor | first2 = E. P. | last2 = Magré | first3 = J. | last3 = Boon | journal = [[European Polymer Journal|Eur. Polym. J.]] | year = 1971 | volume = 7 | issue = 8 | pages = 1127–1128 | doi = 10.1016/0014-3057(71)90145-5 | bibcode = 1971EurPJ...7.1127T }}</ref>]] | [[File:Polyphenylene-sulfide-from-xtal-3D-sf.png|thumb|right|300px|[[Space-filling model]] of a short section of a polyphenylene sulfide chain from the [[crystal structure]]<ref>{{ cite journal | title = The crystal structure of poly-''p''-phenylene sulphide | first1 = B. J. | last1 = Tabor | first2 = E. P. | last2 = Magré | first3 = J. | last3 = Boon | journal = [[European Polymer Journal|Eur. Polym. J.]] | year = 1971 | volume = 7 | issue = 8 | pages = 1127–1128 | doi = 10.1016/0014-3057(71)90145-5 | bibcode = 1971EurPJ...7.1127T }}</ref>]] | ||
'''Polyphenylene sulfide''' (PPS) is an organic [[polymer]] consisting of [[aromatic]] rings linked by [[thioether|sulfide]]s. [[Synthetic fiber]] and [[textile]]s derived from this polymer resist [[chemical]] and thermal attack. PPS is used in [[air filter|filter]] fabric for [[coal]] [[boiler]]s, [[paper]]making [[felt]]s, [[electrical insulation]], [[film capacitor#Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) film capacitors|film capacitors]], specialty [[synthetic membrane|membrane]]s, [[gasket]]s, and [[seal (mechanical)|packings]]. PPS is the precursor to a [[conductive polymer]] of the [[semi-flexible rod polymer]] family. The PPS, which is otherwise insulating, can be converted to the [[semiconductor|semiconducting]] form by [[oxidation]] or use of [[dopant]]s.<ref name=Parker>David Parker, Jan Bussink, Hendrik T. van de Grampel, Gary W. Wheatley, Ernst-Ulrich Dorf, Edgar Ostlinning, Klaus Reinking, "Polymers, High-Temperature" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a21_449}}</ref> | '''Polyphenylene sulfide''' ('''PPS''') is an organic [[polymer]] consisting of [[aromatic]] rings linked by [[thioether|sulfide]]s. [[Synthetic fiber]] and [[textile]]s derived from this polymer resist [[chemical]] and thermal attack. PPS is used in [[air filter|filter]] fabric for [[coal]] [[boiler]]s, [[paper]]making [[felt]]s, [[electrical insulation]], [[film capacitor#Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) film capacitors|film capacitors]], specialty [[synthetic membrane|membrane]]s, [[gasket]]s, [[Nut (string instrument)|musical instrument components]] and [[seal (mechanical)|packings]]. PPS is the precursor to a [[conductive polymer]] of the [[semi-flexible rod polymer]] family. The PPS, which is otherwise insulating, can be converted to the [[semiconductor|semiconducting]] form by [[oxidation]] or use of [[dopant]]s.<ref name=Parker>David Parker, Jan Bussink, Hendrik T. van de Grampel, Gary W. Wheatley, Ernst-Ulrich Dorf, Edgar Ostlinning, Klaus Reinking, "Polymers, High-Temperature" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a21_449}}</ref> | ||
Polyphenylene sulfide is an [[engineering plastic]], commonly used today as a [[high-performance plastics|high-performance thermoplastic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chevron Phillips Technical Library|url=http://www.cpchem.com/enu/ryton_pps_tl_technical_library.asp|access-date=2009-07-22|archive-date=2009-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704125903/http://www.cpchem.com/enu/ryton_pps_tl_technical_library.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> PPS can be molded, extruded, or machined to tight tolerances. In its pure solid form, it may be opaque white to light tan in color. Maximum service temperature is {{convert| | Polyphenylene sulfide is an [[Engineering|engineering plastic]], commonly used today as a [[high-performance plastics|high-performance thermoplastic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chevron Phillips Technical Library|url=http://www.cpchem.com/enu/ryton_pps_tl_technical_library.asp|access-date=2009-07-22|archive-date=2009-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704125903/http://www.cpchem.com/enu/ryton_pps_tl_technical_library.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> PPS can be molded, extruded, or machined to tight tolerances. In its pure solid form, it may be opaque white to light tan in color. Maximum service temperature is {{convert|240|°C|°F}}.<ref name=Celanese>{{cite web |title= Polyphenylene Sulfide: Fortron PPS |url= https://www.celanese.com/products/fortron-polyphenylene-sulfide |access-date= July 8, 2025 |publisher= [[Celanese]] }}</ref> PPS has not been found to dissolve in any solvent at temperatures below approximately {{convert|200|°C|°F}}.<ref name=Celanese/> | ||
==Manufacturers and trade names== | ==Manufacturers and trade names== | ||
| Line 36: | Line 34: | ||
[[File:Inventors Dr. H. Wayne Hill Jr. & Mr. James T. Edmonds.jpg|thumb|Hill and Edmonds, developers of PPS]] | [[File:Inventors Dr. H. Wayne Hill Jr. & Mr. James T. Edmonds.jpg|thumb|Hill and Edmonds, developers of PPS]] | ||
The process for commercially producing this material was initially developed by | The process for commercially producing this material was initially developed by H. Wayne Hill Jr. and James T. Edmonds Jr. at [[Phillips Petroleum]].<ref>{{cite patent |country= US |number= 3354129 |invent1= Hill Jr., H. Wayne |invent2= Edmonds Jr., James T. |status= patent |title=Production of polymers from aromatic compounds |pubdate= 1963-11-27 |gdate= 1967-11-21 |fdate= 1963-11-27 |pridate= 1963-11-27 |assign1= [[Phillips Petroleum Company]] }}</ref> | ||
[[N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone]] (NMP) is used as the reaction solvent because it is stable at the high temperatures required for the synthesis and it dissolves both the sulfiding agent and the [[oligomer]]ic intermediates. | |||
Linear, high-molecular-weight PPS that is capable of being extruded into film or melt spun into fiber was invented by Robert W. Campbell.<ref>Robert W. | Linear, high-molecular-weight PPS that is capable of being extruded into film or melt spun into fiber was invented by Robert W. Campbell.<ref>{{cite patent |country= US |number= 3919177 |inventor= |invent1 = Campbell, Robert W. | ||
|status= patent |title= P-phenylene sulfide polymers |pubdate= 1974-08-08 |gdate= 1975-11-11 |fdate= 1974-08-08 |pridate= 1974-08-08 |assign1= [[Phillips Petroleum Company]] }}</ref> | |||
The first U.S. commercial sulfur fiber was produced in 1983 by Phillips Fibers Corporation, a subsidiary of [[Phillips 66]].<ref name=Parker/> | The first U.S. commercial sulfur fiber was produced in 1983 by Phillips Fibers Corporation, a subsidiary of [[Phillips 66]].<ref name=Parker/> | ||
Latest revision as of 04:55, 15 December 2025
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is an organic polymer consisting of aromatic rings linked by sulfides. Synthetic fiber and textiles derived from this polymer resist chemical and thermal attack. PPS is used in filter fabric for coal boilers, papermaking felts, electrical insulation, film capacitors, specialty membranes, gaskets, musical instrument components and packings. PPS is the precursor to a conductive polymer of the semi-flexible rod polymer family. The PPS, which is otherwise insulating, can be converted to the semiconducting form by oxidation or use of dopants.[2]
Polyphenylene sulfide is an engineering plastic, commonly used today as a high-performance thermoplastic.[3] PPS can be molded, extruded, or machined to tight tolerances. In its pure solid form, it may be opaque white to light tan in color. Maximum service temperature is Script error: No such module "convert"..[4] PPS has not been found to dissolve in any solvent at temperatures below approximately Script error: No such module "convert"..[4]
Manufacturers and trade names
PPS is marketed by different brand names by different manufacturers. The major industry players are China Lumena New Materials, Solvay, Kureha, HDC Polyall, Celanese, DIC Corporation, Toray Industries, Zhejiang NHU Special Materials, SABIC, and Tosoh.[5] Other manufacturers include Chengdu Letian Plastics, Lion Idemitsu Composites, and Initz (a joint venture of SK Chemicals and Teijin).[6]
The following are examples of brand names by manufacturer and PPS type:
- Tedur, Albis Plastic, linear type
- DIC.PPS, DIC Corporation, linear and cross-linked
- DURAFIDE, Polyplastics Co. Ltd, linear type
- ECOTRAN, HDC Polyall, distributed and compounded via A. Schulman
- Fortron, Ticona, linear type
- Petcoal, Tōsō
- Therma-Tech TT9200-5001, PolyOne Corporation
- Ryton, Solvay Specialty Polymers, linear and cross-linked
- Torelina Toray
- NHU-PPS, Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd., linear type and cross-linked
Characteristics
PPS is one of the most important high temperature thermoplastic polymers because it exhibits a number of desirable properties. These properties include resistance to heat, acids, alkalies, mildew, bleaches, aging, sunlight, and abrasion. It absorbs only small amounts of solvents and resists dyeing.
Production
The Federal Trade Commission definition for sulfur fiber is "A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polysulfide in which at least 85% of the sulfide (–S–) linkages are attached directly to two (2) aromatic rings." The generic name for this synthetic fiber is Sulfar.[7]
The PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) polymer is formed by reaction of sodium sulfide with 1,4-dichlorobenzene:
The process for commercially producing this material was initially developed by H. Wayne Hill Jr. and James T. Edmonds Jr. at Phillips Petroleum.[8] N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is used as the reaction solvent because it is stable at the high temperatures required for the synthesis and it dissolves both the sulfiding agent and the oligomeric intermediates.
Linear, high-molecular-weight PPS that is capable of being extruded into film or melt spun into fiber was invented by Robert W. Campbell.[9]
The first U.S. commercial sulfur fiber was produced in 1983 by Phillips Fibers Corporation, a subsidiary of Phillips 66.[2]
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b David Parker, Jan Bussink, Hendrik T. van de Grampel, Gary W. Wheatley, Ernst-Ulrich Dorf, Edgar Ostlinning, Klaus Reinking, "Polymers, High-Temperature" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>Template:Citation/make link, Hill Jr., H. Wayne & Edmonds Jr., James T., "Production of polymers from aromatic compounds", published Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"., issued Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"., assigned to Phillips Petroleum CompanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- ↑ <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>Template:Citation/make link, Campbell, Robert W., "P-phenylene sulfide polymers", published Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"., issued Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"., assigned to Phillips Petroleum CompanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".