Chinese mantis: Difference between revisions
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''Tenodera sinensis'' feeds primarily on other insects, though adult females sometimes catch small [[vertebrate]]s. For example, they have been observed feeding on hornets, spiders, grasshoppers, katydids, small reptiles, amphibians, and even [[hummingbird]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.birdwatchersdigest.com/site/backyardbirds/hummingbirds/mantis-hummer.aspx |title=Praying Mantis Makes Meal of a Hummer |date=2005-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212115752/http://www.birdwatchersdigest.com/site/backyardbirds/hummingbirds/mantis-hummer.aspx |archive-date=2005-12-12}}</ref> Like most mantids, they are known to be [[cannibalism|cannibalistic]]. One study found that cannibalism occurs in up to 50% of matings.<ref>{{Cite journal|url= |doi=10.1098/rspb.2016.0656|title=Sexual cannibalism increases male material investment in offspring: Quantifying terminal reproductive effort in a praying mantis|year=2016|last1=Brown|first1=William D.|last2=Barry|first2=Katherine L.|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=283|issue=1833|pmid=27358366|pmc=4936037}}</ref> These mantids have been observed eating the larvae of [[Danaus (genus)|monarch butterflies]], while discarding the entrails.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/25/chinese-mantis-guts-its-toxic-caterpillar-prey/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127191348/http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/25/chinese-mantis-guts-its-toxic-caterpillar-prey/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 27, 2013|title = Chinese Mantis Guts Its Toxic Caterpillar Prey|date = 25 January 2013}}</ref> | ''Tenodera sinensis'' feeds primarily on other insects, though adult females sometimes catch small [[vertebrate]]s. For example, they have been observed feeding on hornets, spiders, grasshoppers, katydids, small reptiles, amphibians, and even [[hummingbird]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.birdwatchersdigest.com/site/backyardbirds/hummingbirds/mantis-hummer.aspx |title=Praying Mantis Makes Meal of a Hummer |date=2005-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212115752/http://www.birdwatchersdigest.com/site/backyardbirds/hummingbirds/mantis-hummer.aspx |archive-date=2005-12-12}}</ref> Like most mantids, they are known to be [[cannibalism|cannibalistic]]. One study found that cannibalism occurs in up to 50% of matings.<ref>{{Cite journal|url= |doi=10.1098/rspb.2016.0656|title=Sexual cannibalism increases male material investment in offspring: Quantifying terminal reproductive effort in a praying mantis|year=2016|last1=Brown|first1=William D.|last2=Barry|first2=Katherine L.|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=283|issue=1833|pmid=27358366|pmc=4936037}}</ref> These mantids have been observed eating the larvae of [[Danaus (genus)|monarch butterflies]], while discarding the entrails.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/25/chinese-mantis-guts-its-toxic-caterpillar-prey/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127191348/http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/25/chinese-mantis-guts-its-toxic-caterpillar-prey/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 27, 2013|title = Chinese Mantis Guts Its Toxic Caterpillar Prey|date = 25 January 2013}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Chinese mantis nymph (60923).jpg|thumb|Nymph in New York]] | |||
[[File:Tenodera sinensis eats male Libellula luctuosa.jpg|thumb|Eating a [[Widow skimmer]] in [[Warrenville, Illinois]]]] | [[File:Tenodera sinensis eats male Libellula luctuosa.jpg|thumb|Eating a [[Widow skimmer]] in [[Warrenville, Illinois]]]] | ||
[[File:Mantis catches grasshopper.webm|thumb|thumbtime=3|A Chinese mantis catches a [[differential grasshopper]]]] | [[File:Mantis catches grasshopper.webm|thumb|thumbtime=3|A Chinese mantis catches a [[differential grasshopper]]]] | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
[[File:Tenodera sinensis yellow spot.JPG|thumb|right|Brown sub-adult female Chinese mantis. The spot between the legs is yellow, compared with the orange of ''[[Tenodera angustipennis]].'']] | [[File:Tenodera sinensis yellow spot.JPG|thumb|right|Brown sub-adult female Chinese mantis. The spot between the legs is yellow, compared with the orange of ''[[Tenodera angustipennis]].'']] | ||
The Chinese mantis is a long, slender, brown and green [[praying mantis]]. It is typically longer than other [[praying mantis]] species, reaching just over {{convert|11|cm|in|abbr=on}}, and is the largest mantis species in North America (spread throughout the Northeast United States). Its color can vary from overall green to brown with a green lateral stripe on the borders of the front wings in the brown color form. In low light, the eyes of the mantis appear black, but in daylight appear to be clear, matching the color of the head. Chinese mantids look similar to another mantis species that has been introduced to the United States, the [[narrow-winged mantid]] (''[[Tenodera angustipennis]]''). ''Tenodera sinensis'' and ''[[Tenodera angustipennis]]'' are similar in appearance; however, it is possible to tell them apart by locating a spot in between their front legs, as the spot is yellow in the Chinese mantis but orange in the [[Tenodera angustipennis|narrow-winged mantis]]. The female can produce several semi-spherical [[ootheca]]e, roughly {{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} in diameter, containing up to 300 eggs.<ref name=blatchley1920/> The oothecae are often affixed to vegetation such as bushes and small trees.{{ | The Chinese mantis is a long, slender, brown and green [[praying mantis]]. It is typically longer than other [[praying mantis]] species, reaching just over {{convert|11|cm|in|abbr=on}}, and is the largest mantis species in North America (spread throughout the Northeast United States). Its color can vary from overall green to brown with a green lateral stripe on the borders of the front wings in the brown color form. In low light, the eyes of the mantis appear black, but in daylight appear to be clear, matching the color of the head. Chinese mantids look similar to another mantis species that has been introduced to the United States, the [[narrow-winged mantid]] (''[[Tenodera angustipennis]]''). ''Tenodera sinensis'' and ''[[Tenodera angustipennis]]'' are similar in appearance; however, it is possible to tell them apart by locating a spot in between their front legs, as the spot is yellow in the Chinese mantis but orange in the [[Tenodera angustipennis|narrow-winged mantis]]. The female can produce several semi-spherical [[ootheca]]e, roughly {{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} in diameter, containing up to 300 eggs.<ref name=blatchley1920/> The oothecae are often affixed to vegetation such as bushes and small trees.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} | ||
[[File:Mantis ootheca in Marine Park (91115).jpg|thumb|''Tenodera sinensis'' [[ootheca]]]] | [[File:Mantis ootheca in Marine Park (91115).jpg|thumb|''Tenodera sinensis'' [[ootheca]]]] | ||
==Native range== | ==Native range== | ||
This mantis is native to China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Micronesia, and Thailand.<ref name=TexasA&MUniversity/> Populations of ''T. sinensis'' in Japan are sympatric with ''[[Tenodera aridifolia]]'', the Japanese giant mantis, of which ''T. sinensis'' was formerly considered a subspecies.{{ | This mantis is native to China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Micronesia, and Thailand.<ref name=TexasA&MUniversity/> Populations of ''T. sinensis'' in Japan are sympatric with ''[[Tenodera aridifolia]]'', the Japanese giant mantis, of which ''T. sinensis'' was formerly considered a subspecies.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} | ||
=== Invasive status === | === Invasive status === | ||
The Chinese mantis is regarded by some experts as [[Invasive species|invasive]] in various regions of the United States, particularly where the native [[Carolina mantis]] (''Stagmomantis carolina'') is found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryland Insects - Invasive Species |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/wildlife/insects/html/invasive.html |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=msa.maryland.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Invasive Mantis Species {{!}} Brandywine Conservancy and Museum of Art |url=https://www.brandywine.org/conservancy/blog/invasive-mantis-species |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=www.brandywine.org}}</ref> While commonly sold for [[pest control]], it is said that Chinese mantids lack effectiveness in pest management. As [[ambush predator]]s, they attack anything within reach that they can subdue, but they do not actively hunt for insect pests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Mantid |url=https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/biological-control-information-center/beneficial-predators/chinese-mantid/ |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=entomology.ces.ncsu.edu |language=en}}</ref> Their non-selective predatory behavior and significant size has led to documented attacks on [[beneficial insect]]s such as pollinators, small birds, mammals, frogs, and snakes. As a result, the Chinese mantis can alter [[food web]]s and affect the dynamics of local insect populations.{{ | The Chinese mantis is regarded by some experts as [[Invasive species|invasive]] in various regions of the United States, particularly where the native [[Carolina mantis]] (''Stagmomantis carolina'') is found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryland Insects - Invasive Species |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/wildlife/insects/html/invasive.html |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=msa.maryland.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Invasive Mantis Species {{!}} Brandywine Conservancy and Museum of Art |url=https://www.brandywine.org/conservancy/blog/invasive-mantis-species |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=www.brandywine.org}}</ref> While commonly sold for [[pest control]], it is said that Chinese mantids lack effectiveness in pest management. As [[ambush predator]]s, they attack anything within reach that they can subdue, but they do not actively hunt for insect pests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Mantid |url=https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/biological-control-information-center/beneficial-predators/chinese-mantid/ |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=entomology.ces.ncsu.edu |language=en}}</ref> Their non-selective predatory behavior and significant size has led to documented attacks on [[beneficial insect]]s such as pollinators, small birds, mammals, frogs, and snakes. As a result, the Chinese mantis can alter [[food web]]s and affect the dynamics of local insect populations.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} | ||
==Growth== | ==Growth== | ||
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== Similar species == | == Similar species == | ||
The [[European mantis]] (''Mantis religiosa'') and the [[Carolina mantis]] (''Stagmomantis carolina'') are both smaller mantises closely resembling the Chinese mantis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chinese Mantis|url=https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/chinese-mantis|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Missouri Department of Conservation|language=en}}</ref> The European mantis is anywhere from tan to green in color and about 7.5 cm (3 in) long.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=European Mantis|url=https://www.colorado.edu/cumuseum/2020/12/09/european-mantis|access-date=2021-09-24|website=Museum of Natural History|language=en}}</ref> The Carolina mantis, on the other hand, is only 6 cm (2.5 in) in length and varies more in color.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Carolina Mantid {{!}} NC State Extension Publications|url=https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/carolina-mantid|access-date=2021-09-24|website=content.ces.ncsu.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> | The [[European mantis]] (''Mantis religiosa'') and the [[Carolina mantis]] (''Stagmomantis carolina'') are both smaller mantises closely resembling the Chinese mantis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chinese Mantis|url=https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/chinese-mantis|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Missouri Department of Conservation|language=en}}</ref> The European mantis is anywhere from tan to green in color and about 7.5 cm (3 in) long.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=European Mantis|url=https://www.colorado.edu/cumuseum/2020/12/09/european-mantis|access-date=2021-09-24|website=Museum of Natural History|language=en}}</ref> The Carolina mantis, on the other hand, is only 6 cm (2.5 in) in length and varies more in color.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Carolina Mantid {{!}} NC State Extension Publications|url=https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/carolina-mantid|access-date=2021-09-24|website=content.ces.ncsu.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
== Culture == | == Culture == | ||
There are two martial arts styles created to mimic the movements of the Chinese mantis. Developed in the [[Shandong]] province of China in the mid-17th century, [[Northern Praying Mantis (martial art)|Praying Mantis kung-fu]] is based on the quick movements and techniques of the Chinese mantis. An unrelated style of [[kung fu]] that was developed by the [[Hakka people]] in [[Southern China]] is known as [[Southern Praying Mantis]].{{ | There are two martial arts styles created to mimic the movements of the Chinese mantis. Developed in the [[Shandong]] province of China in the mid-17th century, [[Northern Praying Mantis (martial art)|Praying Mantis kung-fu]] is based on the quick movements and techniques of the Chinese mantis. An unrelated style of [[kung fu]] that was developed by the [[Hakka people]] in [[Southern China]] is known as [[Southern Praying Mantis]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} | ||
Master Mantis, one of the supporting characters in the 2008 [[ | Master Mantis, one of the supporting characters in the 2008 [[DreamWorks Animation]] film franchise ''[[Kung Fu Panda]]'', is a Chinese mantis and one of the members of the Furious Five.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
Latest revision as of 01:30, 8 November 2025
Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox
The Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis) is a species of mantis native to Asia and the nearby islands. In 1896, this species was accidentally introduced by a nursery tender at Mt. Airy near Philadelphia, United States.[1] Tenodera sinensis often is erroneously referred to as Tenodera aridifolia sinensis because it was at first described as a subspecies of Tenodera aridifolia, but Tenodera sinensis is now established as a full species.[2]
Tenodera sinensis feeds primarily on other insects, though adult females sometimes catch small vertebrates. For example, they have been observed feeding on hornets, spiders, grasshoppers, katydids, small reptiles, amphibians, and even hummingbirds.[3] Like most mantids, they are known to be cannibalistic. One study found that cannibalism occurs in up to 50% of matings.[4] These mantids have been observed eating the larvae of monarch butterflies, while discarding the entrails.[5]
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Description
The Chinese mantis is a long, slender, brown and green praying mantis. It is typically longer than other praying mantis species, reaching just over Script error: No such module "convert"., and is the largest mantis species in North America (spread throughout the Northeast United States). Its color can vary from overall green to brown with a green lateral stripe on the borders of the front wings in the brown color form. In low light, the eyes of the mantis appear black, but in daylight appear to be clear, matching the color of the head. Chinese mantids look similar to another mantis species that has been introduced to the United States, the narrow-winged mantid (Tenodera angustipennis). Tenodera sinensis and Tenodera angustipennis are similar in appearance; however, it is possible to tell them apart by locating a spot in between their front legs, as the spot is yellow in the Chinese mantis but orange in the narrow-winged mantis. The female can produce several semi-spherical oothecae, roughly Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter, containing up to 300 eggs.[1] The oothecae are often affixed to vegetation such as bushes and small trees.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
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Native range
This mantis is native to China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Micronesia, and Thailand.[6] Populations of T. sinensis in Japan are sympatric with Tenodera aridifolia, the Japanese giant mantis, of which T. sinensis was formerly considered a subspecies.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Invasive status
The Chinese mantis is regarded by some experts as invasive in various regions of the United States, particularly where the native Carolina mantis (Stagmomantis carolina) is found.[7][8] While commonly sold for pest control, it is said that Chinese mantids lack effectiveness in pest management. As ambush predators, they attack anything within reach that they can subdue, but they do not actively hunt for insect pests.[9] Their non-selective predatory behavior and significant size has led to documented attacks on beneficial insects such as pollinators, small birds, mammals, frogs, and snakes. As a result, the Chinese mantis can alter food webs and affect the dynamics of local insect populations.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Growth
Chinese mantises hatch in the spring, eat, grow, and molt through the summer, and lay eggs at the end of summer. When it gets too cold, they die, only living around a year long.[10] First instar nymphs that eat less take a longer time to molt to the next instar and are smaller at the second instar than first instar nymphs that have been fed more.[11]
Captivity
Tenodera sinensis is a common pet for mantis enthusiasts, and oothecae can be purchased from plant nurseries across the US.[12]
Predators
The Chinese mantis is preyed on by other mantises, birds, and the Asian giant hornet in its native range. The female mantis specifically preys on male mantises. She often kills and eats her male partner after mating, providing nutrition for her offspring.[13] Sexual cannibalism is a strange phenomenon not yet completely understood by scientists.[14]
Similar species
The European mantis (Mantis religiosa) and the Carolina mantis (Stagmomantis carolina) are both smaller mantises closely resembling the Chinese mantis.[15] The European mantis is anywhere from tan to green in color and about 7.5 cm (3 in) long.[16] The Carolina mantis, on the other hand, is only 6 cm (2.5 in) in length and varies more in color.[17]
Culture
There are two martial arts styles created to mimic the movements of the Chinese mantis. Developed in the Shandong province of China in the mid-17th century, Praying Mantis kung-fu is based on the quick movements and techniques of the Chinese mantis. An unrelated style of kung fu that was developed by the Hakka people in Southern China is known as Southern Praying Mantis.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Master Mantis, one of the supporting characters in the 2008 DreamWorks Animation film franchise Kung Fu Panda, is a Chinese mantis and one of the members of the Furious Five.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Gallery
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Adult male
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Adult female
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Adult at rest
-
Adult female Tenodera sinensis eating a long-horned grasshopper
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Sub-adult female in hand
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Adult female on a wall
See also
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Ehrmann, R. 2002. Mantodea: Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt. Natur und Tier, Münster
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