Euarchontoglires: Difference between revisions
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* '''Gliriformes''' | * '''Gliriformes''' | ||
** {{Extinct}}[[Anagaloidea]] | ** {{Extinct}}[[Anagaloidea]] | ||
** {{Extinct}}[[Arctostylopidae]]?<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Missiaen P, Smith T, Guo DY, Bloch JI, Gingerich PD |title=Asian gliriform origin for arctostylopid mammals |journal=Naturwissenschaften |year=2006 |volume=93 |issue=8 |pages=407–411 |pmid=16865388 |doi=10.1007/s00114-006-0122-1|bibcode=2006NW.....93..407M | hdl=1854/LU-353125 |s2cid=23315598 |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/353125 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> | ** {{Extinct}}[[Arctostylopidae]]?<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Missiaen P, Smith T, Guo DY, Bloch JI, Gingerich PD |title=Asian gliriform origin for arctostylopid mammals |journal=Naturwissenschaften |year=2006 |volume=93 |issue=8 |pages=407–411 |pmid=16865388 |doi=10.1007/s00114-006-0122-1|bibcode=2006NW.....93..407M | hdl=1854/LU-353125 |s2cid=23315598 |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/353125 |hdl-access=free|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
** [[Glires]] | ** [[Glires]] | ||
* [[Euarchonta]] | * [[Euarchonta]] | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Euarchontoglires''' (from | '''Euarchontoglires''' (from ''[[Euarchonta]]'' {{gloss|true rulers}} + ''[[Glires]]'' {{gloss|dormice}}), synonymous with '''Supraprimates''', is a [[clade]] and a [[superorder]] of [[placental mammal]]s, the living members of which belong to one of the five following groups: [[rodent]]s, [[Lagomorpha|lagomorph]]s, [[treeshrew]]s, [[primate]]s, and [[colugo]]s. | ||
==Evolutionary affinities within mammals== | ==Evolutionary affinities within mammals== | ||
[[File:OrthoMaM v10b 2019 116genera circular tree.svg|thumb|right|Phylogenetic position of living Euarchontoglires (in blue) among placentals in a genus-level molecular phylogeny of 116 extant mammals inferred from the gene tree information of 14,509 [[Coding region|coding DNA sequences]].<ref name=Scornavacca2019>{{cite journal | vauthors = Scornavacca C, Belkhir K, Lopez J, Dernat R, Delsuc F, Douzery EJ, Ranwez V | title = OrthoMaM v10: Scaling-up orthologous coding sequence and exon alignments with more than one hundred mammalian genomes | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 861–862 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 30698751 | pmc = 6445298 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msz015 }}</ref> The other major clades are colored: marsupials (magenta), xenarthrans (orange), afrotherians (red), and laurasiatherians (green).]] | [[File:OrthoMaM v10b 2019 116genera circular tree.svg|thumb|right|Phylogenetic position of living Euarchontoglires (in blue) among placentals in a genus-level molecular phylogeny of 116 extant mammals inferred from the gene tree information of 14,509 [[Coding region|coding DNA sequences]].<ref name=Scornavacca2019>{{cite journal | vauthors = Scornavacca C, Belkhir K, Lopez J, Dernat R, Delsuc F, Douzery EJ, Ranwez V | title = OrthoMaM v10: Scaling-up orthologous coding sequence and exon alignments with more than one hundred mammalian genomes | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 861–862 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 30698751 | pmc = 6445298 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msz015 }}</ref> The other major clades are colored: marsupials (magenta), xenarthrans (orange), afrotherians (red), and laurasiatherians (green).]] | ||
The Euarchontoglires clade is based on [[DNA]] sequence analyses and [[retrotransposon]] [[Retrotransposon marker|markers]] that combine the clades Glires (Rodentia + Lagomorpha) and [[Euarchonta]] (Scandentia + Primates + Dermoptera).<ref name=Murphy2001>{{Cite journal |last1=Murphy |first1=William J. |last2=Eizirik |first2=Eduardo |last3=O'Brien |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Madsen |first4=Ole |last5=Scally |first5=Mark |last6=Douady |first6=Christophe J. |last7=Teeling |first7=Emma |last8=Ryder |first8=Oliver A. |last9=Stanhope |first9=Michael J. |last10=de Jong |first10=Wilfried W. |last11=Springer |first11=Mark S. |title=Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics |doi=10.1126/science.1067179 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=294 |issue=5550 |pages=2348–2351 |year=2001 |pmid=11743200|bibcode=2001Sci...294.2348M |s2cid=34367609 }}</ref> It is usually discussed without a [[taxonomic rank]] but has been called a cohort, magnorder, or superorder. Relations among the four cohorts (Euarchontoglires, [[Xenarthra]], [[Laurasiatheria]], [[Afrotheria]]) and the identity of the placental root remain controversial.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asher |first1=RJ |last2=Bennett |first2=N |last3=Lehmann |first3=T |year=2009 |title=The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution |journal=BioEssays |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=853–864 |doi=10.1002/bies.200900053 |pmid=19582725|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Kumar2009>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumar |first1=Vikas |last2=Hallström |first2=Björn M. |last3=Janke |first3=Axel |date=2013-04-01 |title=Coalescent-Based Genome Analyses Resolve the Early Branches of the Euarchontoglires |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=4 | | The Euarchontoglires clade is based on [[DNA]] sequence analyses and [[retrotransposon]] [[Retrotransposon marker|markers]] that combine the clades [[Glires]] (Rodentia + Lagomorpha) and [[Euarchonta]] (Scandentia + Primates + Dermoptera).<ref name=Murphy2001>{{Cite journal |last1=Murphy |first1=William J. |last2=Eizirik |first2=Eduardo |last3=O'Brien |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Madsen |first4=Ole |last5=Scally |first5=Mark |last6=Douady |first6=Christophe J. |last7=Teeling |first7=Emma |last8=Ryder |first8=Oliver A. |last9=Stanhope |first9=Michael J. |last10=de Jong |first10=Wilfried W. |last11=Springer |first11=Mark S. |title=Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics |doi=10.1126/science.1067179 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=294 |issue=5550 |pages=2348–2351 |year=2001 |pmid=11743200|bibcode=2001Sci...294.2348M |s2cid=34367609 }}</ref> It is usually discussed without a [[taxonomic rank]] but has been called a cohort, magnorder, or superorder. Relations among the four cohorts (Euarchontoglires, [[Xenarthra]], [[Laurasiatheria]], [[Afrotheria]]) and the identity of the placental root remain controversial.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asher |first1=RJ |last2=Bennett |first2=N |last3=Lehmann |first3=T |year=2009 |title=The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution |journal=BioEssays |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=853–864 |doi=10.1002/bies.200900053 |pmid=19582725|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Kumar2009>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumar |first1=Vikas |last2=Hallström |first2=Björn M. |last3=Janke |first3=Axel |date=2013-04-01 |title=Coalescent-Based Genome Analyses Resolve the Early Branches of the Euarchontoglires |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=4 |article-number=e60019 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0060019 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3613385 |pmid=23560065|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013PLoSO...860019K }}</ref> | ||
So far, few, if any, distinctive anatomical features have been recognized that support Euarchontoglires; nor does any strong evidence from [[anatomy]] support alternative hypotheses.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Although both Euarchontoglires and [[Diprotodontia|diprotodont]] [[marsupial]]s are documented to possess a [[appendix (anatomy)|vermiform appendix]], this feature evolved as a result of [[convergent evolution]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=H. F. |last2=Fisher |first2=R. E. |last3=Everett |first3=M. L. |last4=Thomas |first4=A. D. |last5=Randal-Bollinger |first5=R. |last6=Parker |first6=W. |doi=10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x |title=Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix |journal=[[Journal of Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1984–1999 |date=October 2009 |pmid=19678866|doi-access=free }}</ref> | So far, few, if any, distinctive anatomical features have been recognized that support Euarchontoglires; nor does any strong evidence from [[anatomy]] support alternative hypotheses.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Although both Euarchontoglires and [[Diprotodontia|diprotodont]] [[marsupial]]s are documented to possess a [[appendix (anatomy)|vermiform appendix]], this feature evolved as a result of [[convergent evolution]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=H. F. |last2=Fisher |first2=R. E. |last3=Everett |first3=M. L. |last4=Thomas |first4=A. D. |last5=Randal-Bollinger |first5=R. |last6=Parker |first6=W. |doi=10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x |title=Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix |journal=[[Journal of Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1984–1999 |date=October 2009 |pmid=19678866|doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
Euarchontoglires probably split from the [[Boreoeutheria]] [[magnorder]] about 85 to 95 million years ago, during the [[Cretaceous]], and developed in the [[Laurasia]]n island group that would later become [[Europe]].{{cn|date=May 2021}} This hypothesis is supported by molecular evidence; so far, the earliest known [[fossil]]s date to the early [[Paleocene]].<ref name=placental_radiation>{{cite journal |last1=O'Leary |first1=M. A. |last2=Bloch |first2=J. I. |last3=Flynn |first3=J. J. |last4=Gaudin |first4=T. J. |last5=Giallombardo |first5=A. |last6=Giannini |first6=N. P. |last7=Cirranello |first7=A. L. |s2cid=206544776 |year=2013 |title=The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K-Pg radiation of placentals |journal=Science |volume=339 |issue=6120 |pages=662–667 |doi=10.1126/science.1229237 |pmid=23393258|bibcode=2013Sci...339..662O |hdl=11336/7302 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The combined clade of Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria is recognized as [[Boreoeutheria]].{{ | Euarchontoglires probably split from the [[Boreoeutheria]] [[magnorder]] about 85 to 95 million years ago, during the [[Cretaceous]], and developed in the [[Laurasia]]n island group that would later become [[Europe]].{{cn|date=May 2021}} This hypothesis is supported by molecular evidence; so far, the earliest known [[fossil]]s date to the early [[Paleocene]].<ref name=placental_radiation>{{cite journal |last1=O'Leary |first1=M. A. |last2=Bloch |first2=J. I. |last3=Flynn |first3=J. J. |last4=Gaudin |first4=T. J. |last5=Giallombardo |first5=A. |last6=Giannini |first6=N. P. |last7=Cirranello |first7=A. L. |s2cid=206544776 |year=2013 |title=The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K-Pg radiation of placentals |journal=Science |volume=339 |issue=6120 |pages=662–667 |doi=10.1126/science.1229237 |pmid=23393258|bibcode=2013Sci...339..662O |hdl=11336/7302 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The combined clade of Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria is recognized as [[Boreoeutheria]].<ref name=Scally2001>{{cite journal | vauthors = Scally M, Madsen O, Douady CJ, de Jong WW, Stanhope MJ, Springer MS | year = 2001 | title = Molecular evidence for the major clades of placental mammals | journal = Journal of Mammalian Evolution | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 239–277| doi = 10.1023/A:1014446915393 | s2cid = 24199924 }}</ref> | ||
==Phylogenetic relationships within the clade== | ==Phylogenetic relationships within the clade== | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
}} | }} | ||
One study based on DNA analysis suggests that Scandentia and Primates are sister clades, but does not discuss the position of Dermoptera.<ref name="Song2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Song S, Liu L, Edwards SV, Wu S |year=2012 |title=Resolving conflict in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and the multispecies coalescent model |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=37 |pages=14942–7 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1211733109 |pmid=22930817 |pmc=3443116 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012PNAS..10914942S }}</ref> Although it is known that Scandentia is one of the most basal Euarchontoglires clades, the exact phylogenetic position is not yet considered resolved, and it may be a sister of Glires, Primatomorpha or Dermoptera or to all other Euarchontoglires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Foley |first1=Nicole M. |last2=Springer |first2=Mark S. |last3=Teeling |first3=Emma C. |date=2016-07-19 |title=Mammal madness: Is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved? |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B |volume=371 |issue=1699 | | One study based on DNA analysis suggests that Scandentia and Primates are sister clades, but does not discuss the position of Dermoptera.<ref name="Song2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Song S, Liu L, Edwards SV, Wu S |year=2012 |title=Resolving conflict in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and the multispecies coalescent model |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=37 |pages=14942–7 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1211733109 |pmid=22930817 |pmc=3443116 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012PNAS..10914942S }}</ref> Although it is known that Scandentia is one of the most basal Euarchontoglires clades, the exact phylogenetic position is not yet considered resolved, and it may be a sister of Glires, Primatomorpha or Dermoptera or to all other Euarchontoglires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Foley |first1=Nicole M. |last2=Springer |first2=Mark S. |last3=Teeling |first3=Emma C. |date=2016-07-19 |title=Mammal madness: Is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved? |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B |volume=371 |issue=1699 |article-number=20150140 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2015.0140 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=4920340 |pmid=27325836}}</ref><ref name=Kumar2009/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Xuming |last2=Sun |first2=Fengming |last3=Xu |first3=Shixia |last4=Yang |first4=Guang |last5=Li |first5=Ming |date=2015-03-01 |title=The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful |journal=Integrative Zoology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=186–198 |doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12116 |pmid=25311886 |issn=1749-4877}}</ref> Some old studies place Scandentia as sister of the Glires, invalidating Euarchonta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Meredith |first1=Robert W. |last2=Janečka |first2=Jan E. |last3=Gatesy |first3=John|last4=Ryder |first4=Oliver A. |last5=Fisher |first5=Colleen A. |last6=Teeling |first6=Emma C. |last7=Goodbla|first7=Alisha |last8=Eizirik |first8=Eduardo |last9=Simão |first9=Taiz L. L. |date=2011-10-28 |title=Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification |journal=Science |volume=334 |issue=6055 |pages=521–524 |doi=10.1126/science.1211028 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=21940861|bibcode=2011Sci...334..521M |s2cid=38120449 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhou |first1=Xuming |last2=Sun |first2=Fengming |last3=Xu |first3=Shixia |last4=Yang |first4=Guang |last5=Li |first5=Ming |date=2015-03-01 |title=The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful |journal=Integrative Zoology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=186–198 |doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12116 |pmid=25311886 |issn=1749-4877}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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* {{Cite journal |last1=Churakov |first1=G. |last2=Kriegs |first2=J. O. |last3=Baertsch |first3=R. |last4=Zemann |first4=A. |last5=Brosius |first5=J. R. |last6=Schmitz |first6=J. R. |doi=10.1101/gr.090647.108 |title=Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals |journal=[[Genome Research]] |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=868–875 |year=2009 |pmid=19261842 |pmc=2675975}} | * {{Cite journal |last1=Churakov |first1=G. |last2=Kriegs |first2=J. O. |last3=Baertsch |first3=R. |last4=Zemann |first4=A. |last5=Brosius |first5=J. R. |last6=Schmitz |first6=J. R. |doi=10.1101/gr.090647.108 |title=Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals |journal=[[Genome Research]] |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=868–875 |year=2009 |pmid=19261842 |pmc=2675975}} | ||
* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x |title=Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups |year=2009 |last1=Goloboff |first1=Pablo A. |last2=Catalano |first2=Santiago A. |last3=Mirande |first3=J. Marcos |last4=Szumik |first4=Claudia A. |last5=Arias |first5=J. Salvador |last6=Källersjö |first6=Mari |last7=Farris |first7=James S. |journal=[[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]] |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=211–230|doi-access=free |pmid=34879616 |hdl=11336/78055 |hdl-access=free }} | * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x |title=Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups |year=2009 |last1=Goloboff |first1=Pablo A. |last2=Catalano |first2=Santiago A. |last3=Mirande |first3=J. Marcos |last4=Szumik |first4=Claudia A. |last5=Arias |first5=J. Salvador |last6=Källersjö |first6=Mari |last7=Farris |first7=James S. |journal=[[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]] |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=211–230|doi-access=free |pmid=34879616 |hdl=11336/78055 |hdl-access=free }} | ||
* {{Cite journal |last1=Nikolaev |first1=Sergey |last2=Montoya-Burgos |first2=Juan I. |last3=Margulies |first3=Elliott H. |author4=NISC Comparative Sequencing Program |last5=Rougemont |first5=Jacques |last6=Nyffeler |first6=Bruno |last7=Antonarakis |first7=Stylianos E. |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002 |title=Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data |journal=[[PLOS Genetics|PLoS Genetics]] |volume=3 |issue=1 | | * {{Cite journal |last1=Nikolaev |first1=Sergey |last2=Montoya-Burgos |first2=Juan I. |last3=Margulies |first3=Elliott H. |author4=NISC Comparative Sequencing Program |last5=Rougemont |first5=Jacques |last6=Nyffeler |first6=Bruno |last7=Antonarakis |first7=Stylianos E. |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002 |title=Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data |journal=[[PLOS Genetics|PLoS Genetics]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |article-number=e2 |year=2007 |pmid=17206863 |pmc=1761045 |doi-access=free }} | ||
* {{Cite journal |last1=Springer |first1=Mark S. |last2=Murphy |first2=William J. |last3=Eizirik |first3=Eduardo |last4=O'Brien |first4=Stephen J. |title=Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary |doi=10.1073/pnas.0334222100 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=1056–1061 |year=2003 |pmid=12552136 |pmc=298725|doi-access=free |bibcode=2003PNAS..100.1056S }} | * {{Cite journal |last1=Springer |first1=Mark S. |last2=Murphy |first2=William J. |last3=Eizirik |first3=Eduardo |last4=O'Brien |first4=Stephen J. |title=Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary |doi=10.1073/pnas.0334222100 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=1056–1061 |year=2003 |pmid=12552136 |pmc=298725|doi-access=free |bibcode=2003PNAS..100.1056S }} | ||
* {{Cite journal |last1=Waddell |first1=Peter J. |last2=Kishino |first2=Hirohisa |last3=Ota |first3=Rissa |title=A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics |journal=[[Genome Informatics]] |volume=12 |pages=141–154 |year=2001 |pmid=11791233 |url=http://www.jsbi.org/pdfs/journal1/GIW01/GIW01F15.html |access-date=2015-08-27 |archive-date=2019-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710063147/https://www.jsbi.org/pdfs/journal1/GIW01/GIW01F15.html | * {{Cite journal |last1=Waddell |first1=Peter J. |last2=Kishino |first2=Hirohisa |last3=Ota |first3=Rissa |title=A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics |journal=[[Genome Informatics]] |volume=12 |pages=141–154 |year=2001 |pmid=11791233 |url=http://www.jsbi.org/pdfs/journal1/GIW01/GIW01F15.html |access-date=2015-08-27 |archive-date=2019-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710063147/https://www.jsbi.org/pdfs/journal1/GIW01/GIW01F15.html }} | ||
* {{Cite journal |last1=Wildman |first1=Derek E. |last2=Chen |first2=Caoyi |last3=Erez |first3=Offer |last4=Grossman |first4=Lawrence I. |last5=Goodman |first5=Morris |last6=Romero |first6=Roberto |title=Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis |doi=10.1073/pnas.0511344103 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=103 |issue=9 |pages=3203–3208 |year=2006 |pmid=16492730 |pmc=1413940|doi-access=free |bibcode=2006PNAS..103.3203W }} | * {{Cite journal |last1=Wildman |first1=Derek E. |last2=Chen |first2=Caoyi |last3=Erez |first3=Offer |last4=Grossman |first4=Lawrence I. |last5=Goodman |first5=Morris |last6=Romero |first6=Roberto |title=Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis |doi=10.1073/pnas.0511344103 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=103 |issue=9 |pages=3203–3208 |year=2006 |pmid=16492730 |pmc=1413940|doi-access=free |bibcode=2006PNAS..103.3203W }} | ||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:56, 30 October 2025
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Euarchontoglires (from Euarchonta Template:Gloss + Glires Template:Gloss), synonymous with Supraprimates, is a clade and a superorder of placental mammals, the living members of which belong to one of the five following groups: rodents, lagomorphs, treeshrews, primates, and colugos.
Evolutionary affinities within mammals
The Euarchontoglires clade is based on DNA sequence analyses and retrotransposon markers that combine the clades Glires (Rodentia + Lagomorpha) and Euarchonta (Scandentia + Primates + Dermoptera).[2] It is usually discussed without a taxonomic rank but has been called a cohort, magnorder, or superorder. Relations among the four cohorts (Euarchontoglires, Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria) and the identity of the placental root remain controversial.[3][4]
So far, few, if any, distinctive anatomical features have been recognized that support Euarchontoglires; nor does any strong evidence from anatomy support alternative hypotheses.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Although both Euarchontoglires and diprotodont marsupials are documented to possess a vermiform appendix, this feature evolved as a result of convergent evolution.[5]
Euarchontoglires probably split from the Boreoeutheria magnorder about 85 to 95 million years ago, during the Cretaceous, and developed in the Laurasian island group that would later become Europe.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This hypothesis is supported by molecular evidence; so far, the earliest known fossils date to the early Paleocene.[6] The combined clade of Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria is recognized as Boreoeutheria.[7]
Phylogenetic relationships within the clade
The hypothesized relationship among the Euarchontoglires is as follows:[8]
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One study based on DNA analysis suggests that Scandentia and Primates are sister clades, but does not discuss the position of Dermoptera.[9] Although it is known that Scandentia is one of the most basal Euarchontoglires clades, the exact phylogenetic position is not yet considered resolved, and it may be a sister of Glires, Primatomorpha or Dermoptera or to all other Euarchontoglires.[10][4][11] Some old studies place Scandentia as sister of the Glires, invalidating Euarchonta.[12][13]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Further reading
Script error: No such module "Side box". Script error: No such module "Side box".
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- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "navbox". Template:Euarchontoglires Template:Portal bar Template:Taxonbar