Barred buttonquail: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Species of bird}} | {{short description|Species of bird}} | ||
{{speciesbox | {{speciesbox | ||
|image = Barred | |image = Barred Buttonquail in Bhigwan August 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 17.jpg | ||
| status = LC | | status = LC | ||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Turnix suscitator'' |volume=2016 | | | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Turnix suscitator'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T22680549A92865610 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680549A92865610.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| genus = Turnix | | genus = Turnix | ||
| species = suscitator | | species = suscitator | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
The '''barred buttonquail''' or '''common bustard-quail''' ('''''Turnix suscitator''''') is a [[buttonquail]], one of a small family of [[bird]]s which resemble, but are not closely related to, the true [[quail]]s. This species is resident from [[India]] across tropical [[Asia]] to south [[China]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]]. | The '''barred buttonquail''' or '''common bustard-quail''' ('''''Turnix suscitator''''') is a [[buttonquail]], one of a small family of [[bird]]s which resemble, but are not closely related to, the true [[quail]]s. This species is resident from [[India]] across tropical [[Asia]] to south [[China]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
The barred buttonquail was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1789 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] in his revised and expanded edition of [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with the grouse like birds in the [[genus]] ''[[Tetrao]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Tetrao suscitator''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1789 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 2 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=763 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656258 }}</ref> Gmelin cited the English ornithologist [[Francis Willughby]] who in 1678 had described and illustrated the "Indian Quail of Brontius" from the Island of Java.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Willughby | first=Francis | author-link=Francis Willughby | editor-last=Ray | editor-first=John | editor-link=John Ray | year=1678 | title=The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick | location=London | publisher=John Martyn | page=171; Plate 29 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41441968 }}</ref> The barred buttonquail is now placed in the genus ''[[Turnix]]'' that was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Pierre Bonnaterre]].<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Bonnaterre | first1=Pierre Joseph | author1-link=Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre | last2=Vieillot | first2=Louis Pierre | author2-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1823 | title=Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie | volume=Part 1 | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Panckoucke | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114657 lxxxii], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114678 5-6] }} Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (''livraison'') containing the description was published in 1791. See: {{ cite book | last1=Dickinson | first1=E.C. | author1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | last2=Overstreet | first2=L.K. | last3=Dowsett | first3=R.J. | last4=Bruce | first4=M.D. | year=2011 | title=Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers | location=Northampton, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-1-5 | page=78 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267763194 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date= August 2022 | title=Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/buttonquail/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=14 October 2022 }}</ref> The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus ''[[Coturnix]]''. The specific epithet ''suscitator'' is [[Latin]] and means "awakening".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n393/mode/1up 393], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n375/mode/1up 375]}}</ref> | The barred buttonquail was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1789 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] in his revised and expanded edition of [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with the grouse like birds in the [[genus]] ''[[Tetrao]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Tetrao suscitator''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1789 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 2 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=763 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656258 }}</ref> Gmelin cited the English ornithologist [[Francis Willughby]] who in 1678 had described and illustrated the "Indian Quail of Brontius" from the Island of Java.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Willughby | first=Francis | author-link=Francis Willughby | editor-last=Ray | editor-first=John | editor-link=John Ray | year=1678 | title=The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick | location=London | publisher=John Martyn | page=171; Plate 29 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41441968 }}</ref> The barred buttonquail is now placed in the genus ''[[Turnix]]'' that was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Pierre Bonnaterre]].<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Bonnaterre | first1=Pierre Joseph | author1-link=Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre | last2=Vieillot | first2=Louis Pierre | author2-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1823 | title=Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie | volume=Part 1 | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Panckoucke | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114657 lxxxii], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114678 5-6] }} Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (''livraison'') containing the description was published in 1791. See: {{ cite book | last1=Dickinson | first1=E.C. | author1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | last2=Overstreet | first2=L.K. | last3=Dowsett | first3=R.J. | last4=Bruce | first4=M.D. | year=2011 | title=Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers | location=Northampton, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-1-5 | page=78 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267763194 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date= August 2022 | title=Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/buttonquail/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=14 October 2022 }}</ref> The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus ''[[Coturnix]]''. The specific epithet ''suscitator'' is [[Latin]] and means "awakening".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n393/mode/1up 393], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n375/mode/1up 375]}}</ref> | ||
Sixteen [[subspecies]] are recognised.<ref name=ioc/> | Sixteen [[subspecies]] are recognised.<ref name=ioc/> | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
[[ | [[File:Barred Buttonquail in Bhigwan August 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 14.jpg|thumb|Barred Buttonquail (''Turnix suscitator'') male in [[Bhigwan]], Maharashtra, India.]] | ||
[[File:Barred Buttonquail in Bhigwan August 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|thumb|Barred Buttonquail (''Turnix suscitator'') female in [[Bhigwan]], Maharashtra, India.]] | |||
A typical little [[buttonquail]], rufous-brown above, rusty and buff below. Chin, throat and breast closely barred with black. Female larger and more richly coloured, with throat and middle of breast black. The blue-grey bill and legs, and yellowish white eyes are diagnostic, as are also the pale buff shoulder-patches on the wings when in flight. Absence of hind toe distinguishes Bustard and Button quails from true quails. Pairs, in scrub and grassland. The calls are a motorcycle-like ''drr-r-r-r-r-r'' and a loud ''hoon- hoon-hoon''.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} | A typical little [[buttonquail]], rufous-brown above, rusty and buff below. Chin, throat and breast closely barred with black. Female larger and more richly coloured, with throat and middle of breast black. The blue-grey bill and legs, and yellowish white eyes are diagnostic, as are also the pale buff shoulder-patches on the wings when in flight. Absence of hind toe distinguishes Bustard and Button quails from true quails. Pairs, in scrub and grassland. The calls are a motorcycle-like ''drr-r-r-r-r-r'' and a loud ''hoon- hoon-hoon''.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} | ||
==Distribution and habitat== | ==Distribution and habitat== | ||
[[File:Barred Buttonquail Rajkot.jpg|thumb | [[File:Barred Buttonquail Rajkot.jpg|thumb|Dust bathing]] | ||
The species occurs throughout [[India]] up to elevations of about 2500 m in the Himalayas, [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Burma]], [[Indonesia]], the | The species occurs throughout [[India]] up to elevations of about {{Convert|2500|m|abbr=on}} in the Himalayas, [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Burma]], [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]] and most of [[Southeast Asia]]. There are four geographical races that differ somewhat in colour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Turnix_suscitator/|title=Turnix suscitator (barred buttonquail)|website=Animal Diversity Web|language=en|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref> It is found in most habitats except dense forest and desert, in particular, scrub jungle, light deciduous forest and farmlands. | ||
==Breeding== | ==Breeding== | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [ | * {{EBirdSpecies|barbut1|Barred Buttonquail}} | ||
* [https://search.macaulaylibrary.org/catalog?taxonCode=barbut1 Barred buttonquail videos, photos and sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:24, 13 November 2025
Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox
The barred buttonquail or common bustard-quail (Turnix suscitator) is a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds which resemble, but are not closely related to, the true quails. This species is resident from India across tropical Asia to south China, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Taxonomy
The barred buttonquail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the grouse like birds in the genus Tetrao and coined the binomial name Tetrao suscitator.[1] Gmelin cited the English ornithologist Francis Willughby who in 1678 had described and illustrated the "Indian Quail of Brontius" from the Island of Java.[2] The barred buttonquail is now placed in the genus Turnix that was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in Pierre Bonnaterre.[3][4] The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus Coturnix. The specific epithet suscitator is Latin and means "awakening".[5]
Sixteen subspecies are recognised.[4]
- T. s. plumbipes (Hodgson, 1837) – Nepal to northeast India and north Myanmar
- T. s. bengalensis Blyth, 1852 – central, southwest Bengal (northeast India)
- T. s. taigoor (Sykes, 1832) – India (except above)
- T. s. leggei Baker, ECS, 1920 – Sri Lanka
- T. s. okinavensis Phillips, AR, 1947 – south Kyushu to Ryukyu Islands (south Japan)
- T. s. rostratus Swinhoe, 1865 – Taiwan
- T. s. blakistoni (Swinhoe, 1871) – east Myanmar to south China and north Indochina
- T. s. pallescens Robinson & Baker, ECS, 1928 – central south Myanmar
- T. s. thai Deignan, 1946 – northwest, central Thailand
- T. s. atrogularis (Eyton, 1839) – south Myanmar, south Thailand and Malay Peninsula
- T. s. suscitator (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – Sumatra, Belitung and Bangka Island (east of south Sumatra), Java, Bawean (north of east Java) and Bali
- T. s. powelli Guillemard, 1885 – Lombok to Alor Island (west, central Lesser Sunda Islands)
- T. s. rufilatus Wallace, 1865 – Sulawesi
- T. s. haynaldi Blasius, W, 1888 – Palawan group (southwest Philippines)
- T. s. fasciatus (Temminck, 1815) – Luzon, Mindoro, Masbate and Sibuyan Island (north, central Philippines)
- T. s. nigrescens Tweeddale, 1878 – Cebu, Guimaras, Negros and Panay (central west Philippines)
Description
A typical little buttonquail, rufous-brown above, rusty and buff below. Chin, throat and breast closely barred with black. Female larger and more richly coloured, with throat and middle of breast black. The blue-grey bill and legs, and yellowish white eyes are diagnostic, as are also the pale buff shoulder-patches on the wings when in flight. Absence of hind toe distinguishes Bustard and Button quails from true quails. Pairs, in scrub and grassland. The calls are a motorcycle-like drr-r-r-r-r-r and a loud hoon- hoon-hoon.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Distribution and habitat
The species occurs throughout India up to elevations of about Script error: No such module "convert". in the Himalayas, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Indonesia, the Philippines and most of Southeast Asia. There are four geographical races that differ somewhat in colour.[6] It is found in most habitats except dense forest and desert, in particular, scrub jungle, light deciduous forest and farmlands.
Breeding
Buttonquails differ from true quails chiefly in the female being polyandrous[7] The female is the brighter of the sexes, initiates courtship and builds the ground nest. She fights with other females for the possession of a cock, uttering a loud drumming drr-r-r-r-r as a challenge to rival hens and also to announce herself to a cock. Eggs when laid are left to be incubated by the cock who also tends the young, which can run as soon as they are hatched. The hen goes off to acquire another mate, and perhaps yet another, and so on, though evidently only one at a time. They breed practically throughout the year, varying locally. The nest is a grass-lined scrape or depression in scrub jungle or crops, often arched over by surrounding grass. The usual clutch comprises 3 or 4 greyish white eggs, profusely speckled with reddish brown or blackish purple.
Conservation
Widespread and common throughout its large range, the barred buttonquail is evaluated as being of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of threatened species.
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (livraison) containing the description was published in 1791. See: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- Birds of India by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, Template:ISBN
External links
- Template:EBirdSpecies
- Barred buttonquail videos, photos and sounds on the Internet Bird Collection