Smoothing plane: Difference between revisions
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As with other bench planes, until the end of the 19th century the bodies of smoothing planes were predominantly wooden, typically made out of [[beech]] (''[[Fagus sylvatica]]'' in Europe, ''[[Fagus grandifolia]]'' in North America).<ref name="reg" /> [[Plane (tool)#Material|Wooden planes]] were largely superseded by [[Plane (tool)#Material|iron-bodied planes]] and to a lesser extent [[Plane (tool)#Material|transitional planes]]. Despite the predominance of the heavier iron-bodied planes, vintage wooden planes remain in common use, while new wooden smoothing planes are available from a small number of manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-03|title=Another Great Maker of Wooden Handplanes|url=https://www.popularwoodworking.com/woodworking-blogs/another-great-maker-of-wooden-handplanes/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Popular Woodworking Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> | As with other bench planes, until the end of the 19th century the bodies of smoothing planes were predominantly wooden, typically made out of [[beech]] (''[[Fagus sylvatica]]'' in Europe, ''[[Fagus grandifolia]]'' in North America).<ref name="reg" /> [[Plane (tool)#Material|Wooden planes]] were largely superseded by [[Plane (tool)#Material|iron-bodied planes]] and to a lesser extent [[Plane (tool)#Material|transitional planes]]. Despite the predominance of the heavier iron-bodied planes, vintage wooden planes remain in common use, while new wooden smoothing planes are available from a small number of manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-03|title=Another Great Maker of Wooden Handplanes|url=https://www.popularwoodworking.com/woodworking-blogs/another-great-maker-of-wooden-handplanes/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Popular Woodworking Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
Being smaller than other bench planes, the smoothing plane is better able to work on smaller workpieces and around obstructions.<ref name="reg" /> Since the 1700s wooden smoothing planes have predominantly been 'coffin shaped' – wider in the middle and slightly rounded – making them more manoeuvrable.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="reg" /> It has also been claimed that the coffin design exposes more end grain, enabling the plane to better adjust to changes in humidity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Schwarz|first=Christopher | Being smaller than other bench planes, the smoothing plane is better able to work on smaller workpieces and around obstructions.<ref name="reg" /> Since the 1700s wooden smoothing planes have predominantly been 'coffin shaped' – wider in the middle and slightly rounded – making them more manoeuvrable.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="reg" /> It has also been claimed that the coffin design exposes more end grain, enabling the plane to better adjust to changes in humidity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Schwarz|first=Christopher|title=The Anarchist's Tool Chest|publisher=Lost Art Press LLC|year=2010|isbn=978-0-578-08413-8|location=Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, USA|pages=61, 139|oclc=875304703}}</ref>{{Rp|139}} | ||
The [[Plane (tool)#Parts|irons (blades)]] on smoothing planes are often slightly rounded at the corners to minimise the risk of gouging out tracks or marks in the workpiece, and on a metal plane the throat or mouth is usually set tight to reduce the risk of tearout.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pekovich|first=Michael | The [[Plane (tool)#Parts|irons (blades)]] on smoothing planes are often slightly rounded at the corners to minimise the risk of gouging out tracks or marks in the workpiece, and on a metal plane the throat or mouth is usually set tight to reduce the risk of tearout.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pekovich|first=Michael|title=The Why & How of Woodworking: A Simple Approach to Making Meaningful Work|publisher=The Taunton Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1-64155-051-2|location=Newtown, Connecticut, USA|pages=57|oclc=1045464261}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Schwarz|first=Christopher|title=Handplane Essentials|publisher=F+W Media|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4403-0298-5|edition=1st|location=Cincinnati, Ohio, USA|pages=23–24|oclc=326678537}}</ref><ref name="reg" /> | ||
In Britain the name smoothing plane dates back to at least the 17th century.<ref>{{Citation|title=smoothing, n. (1b smoothing-plane)|url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/182771|work=OED Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> | In Britain the name smoothing plane dates back to at least the 17th century.<ref>{{Citation|title=smoothing, n. (1b smoothing-plane)|url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/182771|work=OED Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> | ||
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A smoothing plane is typically used after the workpiece has been flattened and trued by the other bench planes, such as the [[Jack plane|jack]], [[Fore plane|fore]], and [[Jointer plane|jointer]] planes. Smoothing planes can also be used to remove marks left by woodworking machinery. | A smoothing plane is typically used after the workpiece has been flattened and trued by the other bench planes, such as the [[Jack plane|jack]], [[Fore plane|fore]], and [[Jointer plane|jointer]] planes. Smoothing planes can also be used to remove marks left by woodworking machinery. | ||
When used effectively alongside other bench planes, the smoothing plane should only need a handful of passes removing shavings as fine as {{Convert|0.002|in|mm|abbr=}} or less.<ref name=":2" /> The workpiece is then ready to be finished, or can be further refined with a [[card scraper]] or [[sandpaper]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|61}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wearing, Robert. | When used effectively alongside other bench planes, the smoothing plane should only need a handful of passes removing shavings as fine as {{Convert|0.002|in|mm|abbr=}} or less.<ref name=":2" /> The workpiece is then ready to be finished, or can be further refined with a [[card scraper]] or [[sandpaper]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|61}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wearing, Robert.|title=The Essential Woodworker: Skills, Tools and Methods|publisher=Lost Art Press LLC|year=1988|isbn=978-0-578-06044-6|edition=2010|location=Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, USA|pages=131|oclc=711676532}}</ref> | ||
The smoothing plane is usually held with both hands, and used in a similar manner to the other bench planes.<ref>Hand Planes | The smoothing plane is usually held with both hands, and used in a similar manner to the other bench planes.<ref>Hand Planes | ||
Latest revision as of 17:53, 18 July 2025
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A smoothing plane or smooth plane is a type of bench plane used in woodworking. The smoothing plane is typically the last plane used on a wood surface, removing very fine shavings to leave a smooth finish. When used effectively it quickly produces a finish that equals or surpasses that made by sandpaper.[1]
Description and history
The smoothing plane is the shortest of the bench planes.[2] Under the Stanley Bailey numbering system for metal-bodied planes #1 to #4 are smoothing planes, with lengths ranging from Script error: No such module "convert". to Script error: No such module "convert"..[3] The #4 plane, which is Script error: No such module "convert". in length, is the most common smoothing plane in use. Historically wooden smoothing planes in the United States have typically been Script error: No such module "convert". long with irons Script error: No such module "convert". wide.[4]
As with other bench planes, until the end of the 19th century the bodies of smoothing planes were predominantly wooden, typically made out of beech (Fagus sylvatica in Europe, Fagus grandifolia in North America).[4] Wooden planes were largely superseded by iron-bodied planes and to a lesser extent transitional planes. Despite the predominance of the heavier iron-bodied planes, vintage wooden planes remain in common use, while new wooden smoothing planes are available from a small number of manufacturers.[5]
Being smaller than other bench planes, the smoothing plane is better able to work on smaller workpieces and around obstructions.[4] Since the 1700s wooden smoothing planes have predominantly been 'coffin shaped' – wider in the middle and slightly rounded – making them more manoeuvrable.[2][4] It has also been claimed that the coffin design exposes more end grain, enabling the plane to better adjust to changes in humidity.[6]Template:Rp
The irons (blades) on smoothing planes are often slightly rounded at the corners to minimise the risk of gouging out tracks or marks in the workpiece, and on a metal plane the throat or mouth is usually set tight to reduce the risk of tearout.[7][1][4]
In Britain the name smoothing plane dates back to at least the 17th century.[8]
Use
A smoothing plane is typically used after the workpiece has been flattened and trued by the other bench planes, such as the jack, fore, and jointer planes. Smoothing planes can also be used to remove marks left by woodworking machinery.
When used effectively alongside other bench planes, the smoothing plane should only need a handful of passes removing shavings as fine as Script error: No such module "convert". or less.[1] The workpiece is then ready to be finished, or can be further refined with a card scraper or sandpaper.[6]Template:Rp[9]
The smoothing plane is usually held with both hands, and used in a similar manner to the other bench planes.[10]
Though designed for smoothing, a smoothing plane can be used as an 'all-round' bench tool and for rougher work depending on how it is set up.[2]
References
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- ↑ Hand Planes Reprint from Handwork In Wood by William Noyes
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