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{{Short description|German medieval metal band}}
{{Short description|German medieval metal band}}
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'''In Extremo''' ([[Latin]] for ''At the Edge''; abbreviated '''InEx''' or '''IE''') is a German [[medieval metal]] band originally from [[Berlin]]. The band's musical style combines metal with medieval traditional songs, blending the sound of the standard rock/metal instruments with historical instruments (such as [[bagpipe]]s, [[harp]], [[hurdy-gurdy]] and [[shawm]]). Versions of well-known traditional/medieval ballads once made up the main part of their repertoire, but the band has written an increasing share of original material in recent years. Their own material is written mostly in German, whilst the traditional songs and cover songs are in a variety of languages.
'''In Extremo''' (Latin for ''“At the edge”'') is a German [[medieval metal]] band formed in Berlin in 1995. Their music blends [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] with traditional folk and medieval elements, including [[bagpipes]], [[Hurdy-gurdy|hurdy-gurdies]], [[Shawm|shawms]], [[Harp|harps]], and [[Lute|lutes]].
 
The band is known for blending modern rock structures with historical texts and melodies, performing songs primarily in German as well as in Latin, [[Old Norse]], [[Old High German]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], and other languages. In Extremo is also recognized for its theatrical live performances, which feature medieval costumes and [[pyrotechnics]].


==History==
==History==
{{Update|date=May 2022}}[[File:In Extremo.jpg|thumbnail|In Extremo on the stage]]
{{more citation needed|section|date=November 2025}}
In Extremo began as two projects: a nameless, purely medieval band, and a rock band. They became known at that time through frequent appearances at medieval market meetings, at which they performed their acoustic pieces and sold CDs of their renditions of traditional songs. On 11 April 1995, during the recording for that year's season, Michael Robert (Micha) Rhein (alias "Das letzte Einhorn", "The Last Unicorn") found the project name "In Extremo".
 
=== Origins and formation ===
In Extremo began as two separate projects: an unnamed acoustic medieval group and an electronic rock band.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IN EXTREMO - interview by Peek-A-Boo magazine |url=http://www.peek-a-boo-magazine.be/en/interviews/in-extremo/ |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=www.peek-a-boo-magazine.be |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=HeAvYmeTaL.ch · In Extremo |url=https://www.heavymetal.ch/artists/711/in-extremo |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.heavymetal.ch}}</ref>
 
The project was founded by Michael Robert “Micha” Rhein (stage name: ''Das letzte Einhorn'') on 11 April 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=30 Jahre Mittelalterrock: In Extremo vor München-Konzert im Zenith im Interview |url=https://www.hallo-muenchen.de/interview/muenchen-in-extremo-konzert-zenith-interview-hallo-mittelalter-rock-band-michael-robert-rhein-93382040.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=www.hallo-muenchen.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lesedauer |first=<img alt='Avatar-Foto' src='https://time-for-metal eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/K R.-Kopie-50x50 jpg' srcset='https://time-for-metal eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/K R.-Kopie-100x100 jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' decoding='async'/>Kai R. ·News·4 Minuten |date=2021-08-06 |title=In Extremo: Frontmann Michael Robert Rhein feiert 40-jähriges Bühnenjubiläum |url=https://time-for-metal.eu/in-extremo-frontmann-michael-robert-rhein-feiert-40-jaehriges-buehnenjubilaeum/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=Time For Metal - Das Metal Magazin & Metal Podcast |language=de}}</ref>
 
The original members included Thomas der Münzer (guitar), Der Morgenstern (drums), and Die Lutter (bass guitar). Most members performed under stage names,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-30 |title=In Extremo • Bandbeschreibung • Mitglieder • Konzerte |url=https://www.musikmagazin.at/bands/in-extremo/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |language=de}}</ref> including ''Das letzte Einhorn'' (vocals), ''Flex der Biegsame'' (bagpipes), ''Dr. Pymonte'' (bagpipes), ''Conny Fuchs'' (who left before the first official release due to pregnancy), and ''Sen Pusterbalg'' (later replaced by ''Yellow Pfeiffer'').<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-08 |title=In Extremo - Pressure Magazine Musikmagazin |url=https://www.pressure-magazine.de/bandprofil/in-extremo-5718/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |language=de}}</ref> As of 2000, guitarist Van Lange replaced Thomas der Münzer. Many members played multiple instruments and often rotated roles between songs.<ref name=":0" />
 
Until 1997, In Extremo performed separately as a medieval ensemble and a rock project. The band generally marks its first live rock concert on 29 March 1997 as its establishment date.<ref name=":1" /> The two projects were formally merged on 11 January 1998. In April 1998, the band held its first large-scale concert at Rabenstein Castle in [[Brandenburg]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Extremo - Biography |url=https://metalstorm.net/bands/biography.php?band_id=353&bandname=In%20Extremo |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Metal Storm |language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Musical development ===
In 1994, the group was encouraged to add traditional folk and medieval instrumentation. The band cited groups such as [[Corvus Corax (band)|Corvus Corax]] and [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]] as influences in its transition toward a hybrid rock sound.<ref name="aaa">{{cite web |title=In Extremo - Biography & History - AllMusic |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/in-extremo-mn0000097563/biography |access-date=28 June 2017 |website=AllMusic}}</ref>


Most of the band members perform under stage names. The initial members of the medieval band were Das letzte Einhorn (vocals), "Flex der Biegsame" ("Flex the Flexible"; bagpipes), "Dr. Pymonte" (bagpipes), Conny Fuchs (who left the band before the official release date, due to her pregnancy, and was replaced by Dr. Pymonte) and Sen Pusterbalg (replaced shortly after the official release by "Yellow Pfeiffer", "Yellow Piper"; bagpipes). The band originally consisted of "Thomas der Münzer" ("Thomas the Coiner"; guitar), "Der Morgenstern" ("The Morning Star"; drums) and "Die Lutter" ("The Lutter", bass guitar). Der Münzer subsequently left the band and, {{as of|2000|lc=on}}, the band's guitarist is "Van Lange". As noted below, almost all of the band members play multiple instruments.
In August 1996, In Extremo began work on its first album, which included two tracks from the emerging rock project. The album was released without an official title and became known as ''Gold'' because of its cover design. Released in February 1997, it sold out quickly at medieval markets.<ref>{{Citation |title=In Extremo - In Extremo |date=1997 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/1184287-In-Extremo-In-Extremo |access-date=2025-11-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Gold by In Extremo - RYM/Sonemic |url=https://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/in-extremo/gold/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |language=en}}</ref>


The increasing number of visitors, success of their CDs and the popular interest, as well as cross-pollination from groups such as [[Corvus Corax (band)|Corvus Corax]] and [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]], encouraged In Extremo in 1995 to attempt to start a band combining bagpipes and other traditional instruments with rock guitars. The result was the current incarnation of In Extremo, a rock group that integrates modern instruments like the drum set, electric bass and guitar with the acoustic elements previously used for the medieval songs, and which plays both types of music as well as a hybrid of the two.<ref name=aaa>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/in-extremo-mn0000097563/biography|title=In Extremo - Biography & History - AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref>
Over time, the band’s sound shifted toward heavier metal influences while continuing to incorporate traditional instruments such as bagpipes, shawms, and lutes.


In August 1996, they began work on the first In Extremo album, which already contained two tracks of the new rock project. Because the album had no official name, it became known as ''Gold'' because of the golden cover. In February 1997, like the single "Der Galgen" ("The Gallows"), it quickly sold out in medieval markets.
=== Performance style and image ===
[[File:In Extremo.jpg|thumbnail|In Extremo on stage]]Live performance has been a central element of In Extremo’s identity since its early years. The band initially gained visibility through performances at medieval markets and historical venues, including castles.


In Extremo played separately as a medieval band and a rock band, until on 29 March 1997, when they played their first live rock concert. Since that time, they have given this date as their date of establishment. The two projects were officially merged on 11 January 1998. April 1998 saw the first "high occupancy" In Extremo concert in the Rabenstein castle in [[Brandenburg]].
The group is known for its distinctive stage presentation, including medieval-inspired costumes and the use of [[pyrotechnics]] during concerts. One notable feature has been Der Morgenstern’s use of cymbals set on fire during performances. These theatrical elements became a defining part of the band’s live shows as its audience grew.


Over the years, the band's music became more [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]-based, while at the same time becoming increasingly commercially successful. The classical instruments, however – bagpipes, shawms and lutes – still play a large role. The band is likewise noted for their conspicuous stage costumes and known for using [[pyrotechnics]] in their concerts, including Der Morgenstern playing cymbals which have been set on fire.
=== Later history ===
In February 2010, In Extremo announced that drummer Der Morgenstern had left the band due to musical differences. In June 2010, Florian “Specki T.D.” Speckardt was introduced as his replacement.


In February 2010, In Extremo announced that Der Morgenstern left the band because of musical differences. In June, Florian "Specki T.D." Speckardt was announced as his replacement on drums. Since then, they have proceeded to release five albums: ''Sterneneisen'', ''[[Kunstraub]],'' ''Quid Pro Quo'', ''Kompass zur Sonne'' and ''Wolkenshieber'', all of which have reached the top 10 in the German charts, with ''Sterneneisen'', and ''Quid Pro Quo'' and ''Kompass zur Sonne'' all having number 1 positions for a time.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
Following this change, the band released five studio albums—''Sterneneisen'', ''Kunstraub'', ''Quid Pro Quo'', ''Kompass zur Sonne'', and ''Wolkenschieber''—all of which reached the top 10 on the German charts. ''Sterneneisen'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Offizielle Deutsche Charts |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-details-150895 |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.offiziellecharts.de}}</ref> ''Quid Pro Quo'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Offizielle Deutsche Charts |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-details-305842 |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.offiziellecharts.de}}</ref> and ''Kompass zur Sonne''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Offizielle Deutsche Charts |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-details-400731 |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.offiziellecharts.de}}</ref> each achieved number-one positions for a period.


In July 2020, the band played an online livestream concert for [[Wacken Open Air|Wacken]] World Wide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wacken World Wide: So seht ihr "Heaven Shall Burn" und "In Extremo" im Live-Stream|url=https://www.netzwelt.de/news/180197-wacken-world-wide-so-seht-heaven-shall-burn-extremo-live-stream.html|access-date=1 August 2020|website=netzwelt|language=de}}</ref>
In July 2020, In Extremo performed an online livestream concert as part of Wacken World Wide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wacken World Wide: So seht ihr "Heaven Shall Burn" und "In Extremo" im Live-Stream|url=https://www.netzwelt.de/news/180197-wacken-world-wide-so-seht-heaven-shall-burn-extremo-live-stream.html|access-date=1 August 2020|website=netzwelt|language=de}}</ref>


===Appearances===
=== Appearances ===
{{unverified|section|date=October 2025}}
[[File:In Extremo (ZMF 2018) jm77568.jpg|thumb|In Extremo at the [[Zelt-Musik-Festival]] 2018]]
[[File:In Extremo (ZMF 2018) jm77568.jpg|thumb|In Extremo at the [[Zelt-Musik-Festival]] 2018]]
The band's first major appearance was in the first part of the 2001 video game ''[[Gothic (video game)|Gothic]]''. A group of travelling musicians called 'In-Extremo' plays their version of the song "[[Herr Mannelig]]", from the album ''[[Verehrt und angespien]]'', by the gallows outside the Old Camp Castle in the second chapter of the game.
The band's first major appearance was in the first part of the 2001 video game ''[[Gothic (video game)|Gothic]]''. A group of traveling musicians called 'In-Extremo' plays their version of the song "[[Herr Mannelig]]", from the album ''[[Verehrt und angespien]]'', by the gallows outside the Old Camp Castle in the second chapter of the game.


With their success, the music programs also began to pay attention to In Extremo. They were invited on the television program ''Viva Interactive'', where they gave a 15-minute call-and-response and played two songs. They rejected at that time an invitation to ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' to play "Küss mich" ("Kiss Me"), because it was, according to Das letzte Einhorn, not their environment. Nevertheless, they did accept a further invitation to ''Top of the Pops'' in 2005 and played "Nur ihr allein" ("Only You Alone").
The band was invited to participate in the television program ''Viva Interactive'', where they gave a 15-minute call-and-response and played two songs. The band rejected an invitation to ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' to play "Küss mich" ({{xlat|Kiss Me}}). However, they accepted a further invitation to ''Top of the Pops'' in 2005 and played "Nur ihr allein" ({{xlat|Only You Alone}}).


At the same time, their band's audience grew with live appearances, from marketplaces to festivals like [[Rock am Ring and Rock im Park|Rock am Ring]], the Taubertal Festival, and the [[Nova Rock Festival|Nova Rock]] in Austria. Their largest public appearance, however, had In Extremo opening for the farewell tour of [[Böhse Onkelz]] in June 2005, with about 120,000 spectators.
At the same time, the band's audience grew with live appearances from marketplaces to festivals like [[Rock am Ring and Rock im Park|Rock am Ring]], the Taubertal Festival, and the [[Nova Rock Festival|Nova Rock]] in Austria. Their largest public appearance was opening for the farewell tour of [[Böhse Onkelz]] in June 2005, with about 120,000 spectators.


In Extremo last participated on 9 February 2006, in the [[Bundesvision Song Contest]] of [[Stefan Raab]] for the [[Thuringia|Free State of Thuringia]]; Das letzte Einhorn was born in [[Dingelstädt]] and grew up in [[Leinefelde-Worbis|Leinefelde]]. Both cities lie in North Thuringia. The group occupied the third spot with "Liam (German)". Beforehand, they had introduced themselves on 2 February on the television show ''[[TV total]]''.
In Extremo last participated in the [[Bundesvision Song Contest]] of [[Stefan Raab]] on 9 February 2006 for the [[Thuringia|Free State of Thuringia]]. The group occupied the third spot with "Liam (German)". Beforehand, they had introduced themselves on 2 February on the television show ''[[TV total]]''.


In Extremo also played in 2006 at the [[Wacken Open Air]], as well as on the [[M'era Luna Festival]] in [[Hildesheim]]. At the end of the year, they played in the framework their "10 Year Anniversary Tour" in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
In Extremo also played in 2006 at the [[Wacken Open Air]], as well as at the [[M'era Luna Festival]] in [[Hildesheim]]. At the end of the year, they played their "10 Year Anniversary Tour" in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.


===Success===
===Success===
The first In Extremo album that attracted attention was ''[[Verehrt und angespien]]'' ("Worshipped and Spat At"). It achieved an at-the-time sensational 11th place in the German album charts. The subsequent album, ''[[Sünder ohne Zügel]]'' ("Unbridled Sinners"), reached 10th place.
The first In Extremo album that attracted attention was ''[[Verehrt und angespien]]'' ({{xlat|Worshipped and Spat At}}), achieving 11th place in the German album charts. The subsequent album, ''[[Sünder ohne Zügel]]'' ({{xlat|Unbridled Sinners}}), reached 10th place.


The band had further success with the album ''7''; it came in third place on the German charts. The video of the single "Küss mich" was frequently shown on German music television. The singles reached high chart placements.
The band had further success with the album ''7'', peaking at number 3 on the German album charts. The video of the single "Küss mich" was frequently shown on German music television.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025|reason=Especially important to cite this.}}


The eighth album ''[[Mein rasend Herz]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockhard.de/megazine/reviewarchiv/review-anzeigen.html?tx_rxsearch_pi1%5Breview%5D=17871|title=RockHard: Review anzeigen|website=[[Rock Hard (magazine)|Rock Hard]]|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> ("My Racing Heart") achieved third place on the album charts in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.de/album.asp?artist=In+Extremo&title=Mein+rasend+Herz&cat=a&country=de|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141018151031/http://www.officialcharts.de/album.asp?artist=In+Extremo&title=Mein+rasend+Herz&cat=a&country=de|url-status=dead|title=charts.de|date=18 October 2014|archive-date=18 October 2014|website=officialcharts.de|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> Three singles were published from this album: "Nur ihr allein" ("Only You Alone") on 17 May 2005, "Horizont" ("Horizon") on 12 September 2005, and "Liam (German)" on 3 February 2006. On 10 February 2006, the second live CD/DVD, ''Raue Spree'', was published, coming in at fourth place of the German charts. In addition, the ''7'' and ''Raue Spree'' achieved gold status in early 2007.
The eighth album, ''[[Mein rasend Herz]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockhard.de/megazine/reviewarchiv/review-anzeigen.html?tx_rxsearch_pi1%5Breview%5D=17871|title=RockHard: Review anzeigen|website=[[Rock Hard (magazine)|Rock Hard]]|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> ({{xlat|My Racing Heart}}), achieved third place on the album charts in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.de/album.asp?artist=In+Extremo&title=Mein+rasend+Herz&cat=a&country=de|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141018151031/http://www.officialcharts.de/album.asp?artist=In+Extremo&title=Mein+rasend+Herz&cat=a&country=de|url-status=dead|title=charts.de|date=18 October 2014|archive-date=18 October 2014|website=officialcharts.de|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> Three singles were published from this album: "Nur ihr allein" ({{xlat|Only You Alone}}) on 17 May 2005, "Horizont" ({{xlat|Horizon}}) on 12 September 2005, and "Liam (German)" on 3 February 2006. On 10 February 2006, the second live CD/DVD, ''Raue Spree'', was published, coming in at fourth place on the German charts. In addition, the ''7'' and ''Raue Spree'' achieved gold status in early 2007.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025|reason=Especially important to cite this.}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=RAUE SPREE (video album) by IN EXTREMO sales and charts|url=https://bestsellingalbums.org/video/2078|website=BestSellingAlbums.org|access-date=2025-11-27|language=en-US}}</ref>


The ninth album ''Sängerkrieg''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/sängerkrieg-mw0000795186|title=Sänderkrieg review|work=Allmusic|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> ("Singers' War") went to first place on the album charts of Germany on 23 May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://musik.naanoo.com/musik/in-extremo-am-31-juli-ius-primae-noctis-live-im-internet|title=In Extremo|date=19 June 2008|website=naanoo.com|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> In Austria, it reached the thirteenth and in Switzerland the twenty-second place. In Germany it was the 41st-best-selling album of the year in 2008.
The ninth album ''Sängerkrieg''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/sängerkrieg-mw0000795186|title=Sänderkrieg review|work=Allmusic|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> ({{xlat|Singers' War}}) went to first place on the album charts of Germany on 23 May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://musik.naanoo.com/musik/in-extremo-am-31-juli-ius-primae-noctis-live-im-internet|title=In Extremo|date=19 June 2008|website=naanoo.com|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> In Austria, it reached the thirteenth place, and in Switzerland, the twenty-second place. In Germany, it was the 50st-best-selling album of 2008.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025|reason=Especially important to cite this.}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jahrescharts Deutschland|url=https://www.chartsurfer.de/musik/album-charts-deutschland/jahrescharts/alben-2008/top-100|website=www.chartsurfer.de|access-date=2025-11-27|last=Chartsurfer.de}}</ref>


==Instruments==
==Instruments==
Besides the electric guitar, bass and drum set, In Extremo defines itself by unconventional (for a rock band) instruments mainly of medieval origin. They include [[hurdy-gurdy]], [[bagpipe]]s, [[Uilleann Pipes]], shawm, [[nyckelharpa]], harp, [[cittern]], [[tromba marina]], [[hammered dulcimer]], Klangbaum and various types of drums and percussion. Bagpipes are the most conspicuous of these instruments, as Dr. Pymonte, Yellow Pfeiffer (until 2021), and Flex der Biegsame all play bagpipes, sometimes all three at once. All of the band members play multiple instruments, and frequently rotate instruments between songs; Das letzte Einhorn frequently plays a cittern during certain songs, such as "Ai vis lo lop".
Besides the electric guitar, bass, and drum set, In Extremo uses instruments of predominantly medieval origin. They include [[hurdy-gurdy]], [[bagpipe]]s, [[Uilleann Pipes]], shawm, [[nyckelharpa]], harp, [[cittern]], [[tromba marina]], [[hammered dulcimer]], Klangbaum, and various types of drums and percussion. Bagpipes are the most common of these instruments, as Dr. Pymonte, Yellow Pfeiffer (until 2021), and Flex der Biegsame all play bagpipes, sometimes all three at once. All of the band members play multiple instruments and frequently rotate instruments between songs. Das letzte Einhorn frequently plays a [[cittern]] during certain songs, such as "Ai vis lo lop".<ref name=":0" />


Their bagpipes were partially made by Dr. Pymonte, but are also partially built by a well-known pipe builder. The band also uses a custom-built [[frame drum]] covered in [[zebra]] skin, called "Das Pferd" ("The Horse"). Most of the other acoustic instruments, such as their shawms, are only made by a few other instrument builders.
Their bagpipes were partially made by Dr. Pymonte but were also partially built by a well-known pipe builder. The band also uses a custom-built [[frame drum]] covered in [[zebra]] skin, called "Das Pferd" ("The Horse"). Most of the other acoustic instruments, such as their [[Shawm|shawms]], are only made by a few other instrument builders.{{Citation needed|reason=Claiming instruments are made by member Dr. Pymonte (bagpipes) and well-known instrument builders (who or from where unspecified) without supporting evidence. [Kindly remove this reason for citation/the citation itself if necessary]|date=October 2025}}


==Style and lyrics==
==Style and lyrics==
[[File:In extremo das letzte einhorn.jpg|thumb|Singer Michael Robert Rhein a.k.a. "Das letzte Einhorn"]]
[[File:In extremo das letzte einhorn.jpg|thumb|Singer Michael Robert Rhein a.k.a. "Das letzte Einhorn"]]
Some lyrics are not written by the band, but some – like the instruments – from traditional songs written during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
The band is known for drawing lyrics from poetry and music of the [[Middle Ages]] and [[Renaissance]].
 
Many of the lyrics to the band's repertoire of medieval songs come from church writings (e.g. "Wessebronner Gebet"), [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] writings (e.g. "Raue See") or are "trad. arr.", meaning [[traditional music|traditional songs]] with unknown authors, rearranged by the band (e.g. "Merseburger Zaubersprüche", "Tannhuser", "Poc Vecem"). The band also frequently uses songs from the [[Carmina Burana]], a medieval collection of songs, as well as lyrics written as poetry by the 15th-century French poet [[François Villon]] ("Rotes Haar" and "Erdbeermund"; translated into German by [[Paul Zech]]).


The band also uses poems from later writers such as [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] ("Der Rattenfänger" - "The Rat Catcher") and [[Ludwig Uhland]], who wrote "Des Sängers Fluch" ("The Singer's Curse") – which In Extremo changed to be called "Spielmannsfluch" ("The Minstrel's Curse"). For the album ''[[Mein rasend Herz]]'', In Extremo originally wrote the lyrics to the song "Liam" in German, after which it was translated into Irish by [[Rea Garvey]], who was also a guest singer on the song.
Many of the lyrics to the band's repertoire of medieval songs come from church writings (e.g., "Wessebronner Gebet"), [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] writings (e.g., "Raue See"), or are arrangements of [[traditional music|traditional songs]] (e.g., "Merseburger Zaubersprüche", "Tannhuser", "Poc Vecem"). The band also frequently uses songs from the [[Carmina Burana]], as well as the poetry of [[François Villon]] ("Rotes Haar" and "Erdbeermund"; translated into German by [[Paul Zech]]).


==Band members==
==Members==
'''Current members'''
'''Current'''
* Michael Robert Rhein <small>(Das letzte Einhorn/The Last Unicorn)</small> – vocals, [[cittern]], [[harp]], [[goblet drum|darbuka]], [[davul]], [[binioù]], [[electric guitar|guitar]], [[piccolo]], [[harmonica]] (1995–present)
* Michael Robert Rhein <small>(Das letzte Einhorn/The Last Unicorn)</small> – vocals, [[cittern]], [[harp]], [[goblet drum|darbuka]], [[davul]], [[binioù]], [[electric guitar|guitar]], [[piccolo]], [[harmonica]] (1995–present)
* Marco Ernst-Felix Zorzytzky <small>(Flex der Biegsame/Flex the Flexible)</small> – [[marktsackpfeife|German bagpipes]], [[shawm]], [[flute]], [[uilleann pipes]], [[hurdy-gurdy]] (1995–present)
* Marco Ernst-Felix Zorzytzky <small>(Flex der Biegsame/Flex the Flexible)</small> – [[marktsackpfeife|German bagpipes]], [[shawm]], [[flute]], [[uilleann pipes]], [[hurdy-gurdy]] (1995–present)
* Kay Lutter <small>(Die Lutter)</small> – bass, [[marine trumpet]], [[timpani]] (1995–present)
* Kay Lutter <small>(Die Lutter)</small> – bass, [[marine trumpet]], [[timpani]] (1995–present)
* André Strugala <small>(Dr. Pymonte)</small> – German bagpipes, shawm, flute, harp, marine trumpet, [[tsymbaly]], [[sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]], [[Effects unit|FX]] (1996–present)
* André Strugala <small>(Dr. Pymonte)</small> – German bagpipes, shawm, flute, harp, marine trumpet, [[tsymbaly]], [[sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]], [[Effects unit|FX]] (1996–present)
* Sebastian Oliver Lange <small>(Van Lange)</small> – guitar, cittern (1999–present)
* Sebastian Oliver Lange <small>(Van Lange)</small> – guitar, [[cittern]] (1999–present)
* Florian Speckardt <small>(Specki T.D.)</small> – drums, [[percussion instrument|percussion]] (2010–present)
* Florian Speckardt <small>(Specki T.D.)</small> – drums, [[percussion instrument|percussion]] (2010–present)


'''Former members'''
'''Former'''
* Conny Fuchs <small>(Die Rote Füchsin/The Red Fox)</small> – German bagpipes (1995–1996)
* Conny Fuchs <small>(Die Rote Füchsin/The Red Fox)</small> – German bagpipes (1995–1996)
* Mathias Aring <small>(Sen Pusterbalg)</small> – German bagpipes (1995–1997)
* Mathias Aring <small>(Sen Pusterbalg)</small> – German bagpipes (1995–1997)
Line 249: Line 267:
|Best of
|Best of
|"No Looking Back"
|"No Looking Back"
|Also contains two new songs and some rerecordings. The limited edition featured also a bonus disc with covers of In Extremo songs done by other bands.  
|Also contains two new songs and some rerecordings. The limited edition also featured a bonus disc with covers of In Extremo songs done by other bands.  
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
|2008
|2008
Line 303: Line 321:
| Best of
| Best of
| "40 True Songs – The Best Of"
| "40 True Songs – The Best Of"
|2 CD (plus 3 DVD on the special edition)
|2 CDs (plus 3 DVDs on the special edition)
|-
|-
| 2020
| 2020
Line 316: Line 334:
| "Cloud Mover"
| "Cloud Mover"
|
|
|-
|2024
|''Wolkenschieber Live''
|Live
|"Cloud Mover"
|
|-
|2025
|''Wolkenschieber - Live Unter Dem Blutmond''
|Live
|"Cloud Mover - Live Under the Blood Moon"
|Includes live recording from December 7, 2024 at the Vienna Gasometer
|}
|}


Line 367: Line 397:


===Video games===
===Video games===
* ''[[Gothic (video game)|Gothic]]'' (2001, Windows): The band, recreated in the game, were shown to play the acoustic version of "[[Herr Mannelig]]" ingame during the second chapter. In the international English release, the scene was removed for licensing issues,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=196165|title=Gothic (Comparison: International Version - German Version) - Movie-Censorship.com|last=Wurm|first=Gerald|website=movie-censorship.com|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref> even in the digital releases. A [[Mod (video games)|mod]] can restore the cameo.
* ''[[Gothic (video game)|Gothic]]'' (2001, Windows): The band, recreated in the game, was shown to play the acoustic version of "[[Herr Mannelig]]" in-game during the second chapter. In the international English release, the scene was removed for licensing issues,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=196165|title=Gothic (Comparison: International Version - German Version) - Movie-Censorship.com|last=Wurm|first=Gerald|website=movie-censorship.com|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref> even in the digital releases. A [[Mod (video games)|mod]] can restore the cameo.


===Appearances===
===Appearances===
* "[[I Walk Alone (Tarja song)|I Walk Alone]]" ([[Tarja Turunen|Tarja]]), ''In Extremo Remix''
* "[[I Walk Alone (Tarja song)|I Walk Alone]]" ([[Tarja Turunen|Tarja]]), ''In Extremo Remix''
* "Meridian" ([[Manntra]]), from the EP ''Meridian'' (2017) - featuring Michael Robert Rhein
* "Meridian" ([[Manntra]]), from the EP ''Meridian'' (2017) - featuring Michael Robert Rhein
* "Murter" (Manntra), from the album ''Oyka!'' (2019) -- featuring Michael Robert Rhein
* "Murter" (Manntra), from the album ''Oyka!'' (2019) - featuring Michael Robert Rhein


== See also ==
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 08:29, 31 December 2025

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In Extremo (Latin for “At the edge”) is a German medieval metal band formed in Berlin in 1995. Their music blends heavy metal with traditional folk and medieval elements, including bagpipes, hurdy-gurdies, shawms, harps, and lutes.

The band is known for blending modern rock structures with historical texts and melodies, performing songs primarily in German as well as in Latin, Old Norse, Old High German, Occitan, and other languages. In Extremo is also recognized for its theatrical live performances, which feature medieval costumes and pyrotechnics.

History

Template:More citation needed

Origins and formation

In Extremo began as two separate projects: an unnamed acoustic medieval group and an electronic rock band.[1][2]

The project was founded by Michael Robert “Micha” Rhein (stage name: Das letzte Einhorn) on 11 April 1995.[3][4]

The original members included Thomas der Münzer (guitar), Der Morgenstern (drums), and Die Lutter (bass guitar). Most members performed under stage names,[5] including Das letzte Einhorn (vocals), Flex der Biegsame (bagpipes), Dr. Pymonte (bagpipes), Conny Fuchs (who left before the first official release due to pregnancy), and Sen Pusterbalg (later replaced by Yellow Pfeiffer).[6] As of 2000, guitarist Van Lange replaced Thomas der Münzer. Many members played multiple instruments and often rotated roles between songs.[5]

Until 1997, In Extremo performed separately as a medieval ensemble and a rock project. The band generally marks its first live rock concert on 29 March 1997 as its establishment date.[2] The two projects were formally merged on 11 January 1998. In April 1998, the band held its first large-scale concert at Rabenstein Castle in Brandenburg.[7]

Musical development

In 1994, the group was encouraged to add traditional folk and medieval instrumentation. The band cited groups such as Corvus Corax and Bathory as influences in its transition toward a hybrid rock sound.[8]

In August 1996, In Extremo began work on its first album, which included two tracks from the emerging rock project. The album was released without an official title and became known as Gold because of its cover design. Released in February 1997, it sold out quickly at medieval markets.[9][10]

Over time, the band’s sound shifted toward heavier metal influences while continuing to incorporate traditional instruments such as bagpipes, shawms, and lutes.

Performance style and image

File:In Extremo.jpg
In Extremo on stage

Live performance has been a central element of In Extremo’s identity since its early years. The band initially gained visibility through performances at medieval markets and historical venues, including castles.

The group is known for its distinctive stage presentation, including medieval-inspired costumes and the use of pyrotechnics during concerts. One notable feature has been Der Morgenstern’s use of cymbals set on fire during performances. These theatrical elements became a defining part of the band’s live shows as its audience grew.

Later history

In February 2010, In Extremo announced that drummer Der Morgenstern had left the band due to musical differences. In June 2010, Florian “Specki T.D.” Speckardt was introduced as his replacement.

Following this change, the band released five studio albums—Sterneneisen, Kunstraub, Quid Pro Quo, Kompass zur Sonne, and Wolkenschieber—all of which reached the top 10 on the German charts. Sterneneisen,[11] Quid Pro Quo,[12] and Kompass zur Sonne[13] each achieved number-one positions for a period.

In July 2020, In Extremo performed an online livestream concert as part of Wacken World Wide.[14]

Appearances

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File:In Extremo (ZMF 2018) jm77568.jpg
In Extremo at the Zelt-Musik-Festival 2018

The band's first major appearance was in the first part of the 2001 video game Gothic. A group of traveling musicians called 'In-Extremo' plays their version of the song "Herr Mannelig", from the album Verehrt und angespien, by the gallows outside the Old Camp Castle in the second chapter of the game.

The band was invited to participate in the television program Viva Interactive, where they gave a 15-minute call-and-response and played two songs. The band rejected an invitation to Top of the Pops to play "Küss mich" (Template:Xlat). However, they accepted a further invitation to Top of the Pops in 2005 and played "Nur ihr allein" (Template:Xlat).

At the same time, the band's audience grew with live appearances from marketplaces to festivals like Rock am Ring, the Taubertal Festival, and the Nova Rock in Austria. Their largest public appearance was opening for the farewell tour of Böhse Onkelz in June 2005, with about 120,000 spectators.

In Extremo last participated in the Bundesvision Song Contest of Stefan Raab on 9 February 2006 for the Free State of Thuringia. The group occupied the third spot with "Liam (German)". Beforehand, they had introduced themselves on 2 February on the television show TV total.

In Extremo also played in 2006 at the Wacken Open Air, as well as at the M'era Luna Festival in Hildesheim. At the end of the year, they played their "10 Year Anniversary Tour" in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

Success

The first In Extremo album that attracted attention was Verehrt und angespien (Template:Xlat), achieving 11th place in the German album charts. The subsequent album, Sünder ohne Zügel (Template:Xlat), reached 10th place.

The band had further success with the album 7, peaking at number 3 on the German album charts. The video of the single "Küss mich" was frequently shown on German music television.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The eighth album, Mein rasend Herz[15] (Template:Xlat), achieved third place on the album charts in 2005.[16] Three singles were published from this album: "Nur ihr allein" (Template:Xlat) on 17 May 2005, "Horizont" (Template:Xlat) on 12 September 2005, and "Liam (German)" on 3 February 2006. On 10 February 2006, the second live CD/DVD, Raue Spree, was published, coming in at fourth place on the German charts. In addition, the 7 and Raue Spree achieved gold status in early 2007.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[17]

The ninth album Sängerkrieg[18] (Template:Xlat) went to first place on the album charts of Germany on 23 May 2008.[19] In Austria, it reached the thirteenth place, and in Switzerland, the twenty-second place. In Germany, it was the 50st-best-selling album of 2008.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[20]

Instruments

Besides the electric guitar, bass, and drum set, In Extremo uses instruments of predominantly medieval origin. They include hurdy-gurdy, bagpipes, Uilleann Pipes, shawm, nyckelharpa, harp, cittern, tromba marina, hammered dulcimer, Klangbaum, and various types of drums and percussion. Bagpipes are the most common of these instruments, as Dr. Pymonte, Yellow Pfeiffer (until 2021), and Flex der Biegsame all play bagpipes, sometimes all three at once. All of the band members play multiple instruments and frequently rotate instruments between songs. Das letzte Einhorn frequently plays a cittern during certain songs, such as "Ai vis lo lop".[5]

Their bagpipes were partially made by Dr. Pymonte but were also partially built by a well-known pipe builder. The band also uses a custom-built frame drum covered in zebra skin, called "Das Pferd" ("The Horse"). Most of the other acoustic instruments, such as their shawms, are only made by a few other instrument builders.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Style and lyrics

File:In extremo das letzte einhorn.jpg
Singer Michael Robert Rhein a.k.a. "Das letzte Einhorn"

The band is known for drawing lyrics from poetry and music of the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

Many of the lyrics to the band's repertoire of medieval songs come from church writings (e.g., "Wessebronner Gebet"), Benedictine writings (e.g., "Raue See"), or are arrangements of traditional songs (e.g., "Merseburger Zaubersprüche", "Tannhuser", "Poc Vecem"). The band also frequently uses songs from the Carmina Burana, as well as the poetry of François Villon ("Rotes Haar" and "Erdbeermund"; translated into German by Paul Zech).

Members

Current

Former

  • Conny Fuchs (Die Rote Füchsin/The Red Fox) – German bagpipes (1995–1996)
  • Mathias Aring (Sen Pusterbalg) – German bagpipes (1995–1997)
  • Thomas Mund (Thomas der Münzer/Thomas the Coiner) – guitar (1995–1999)
  • Reiner Morgenroth (Der Morgenstern/The Morning Star) – drums, percussion, timpani, frame drum (1995–2010)
  • Boris Pfeiffer (Yellow Pfeiffer/Yellow Piper) – German bagpipes, shawm, flute, nyckelharpa (1997–2021); died 2022[21]

Timeline <timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:18 PlotArea = left:150 bottom:120 top:0 right:60 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:04/11/1995 till:10/25/2026 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Colors = 

 id:vocals      value:red          legend:Lead_Vocals,_Piccolo,_Harmonica
 id:harp        value:gray(0.6)    legend:Harp,_Darbuka,_Davul,_Binioù
 id:guitar      value:green        legend:Guitar
 id:cittern     value:teal         legend:Cittern
 id:bass        value:blue         legend:Bass
 id:trumpet     value:yellow       legend:Marine_Trumpet
 id:sampler     value:lavender     legend:Tsymbaly,_Sampler,_FX
 id:bagpipes    value:coral        legend:German_Bagpipes
 id:pipes       value:drabgreen    legend:Uilleann_Pipes,_Hurdy-Gurdy
 id:flute       value:skyblue      legend:Flute,_Shawm
 id:nyckelharpa value:darkblue     legend:Nyckelharpa
 id:keys        value:purple       legend:Keyboards
 id:timpani     value:claret       legend:Timpani
 id:drums       value:orange       legend:Drums,_Percussion
 id:studio      value:black        legend:Studio_Album
 id:bars        value:gray(0.95)

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at:02/21/1997
at:03/01/1998
at:05/01/1998
at:08/30/1999
at:09/03/2001
at:05/09/2008
at:02/25/2011
at:09/27/2013
at:06/24/2016
at:03/27/2020
at:09/06/2024

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bar:Michael text:"Michael Robert Rhein"
bar:Thomas  text:"Thomas Mund"
bar:Seb     text:"Sebastian Oliver Lange"
bar:Kay     text:"Kay Lutter"
bar:Marco   text:"Marco Ernst-Felix Zorzytzky"
bar:Conny   text:"Conny Fuchs"
bar:Andre   text:"André Strugala"
bar:Mathias text:"Mathias Aring"
bar:Boris   text:"Boris Pfeiffer"
bar:Reiner  text:"Reiner Morgenroth"
bar:Florian text:"Florian Speckardt"

PlotData= 

width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)
bar:Michael from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:vocals
bar:Michael from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:guitar  width:3
bar:Michael from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:cittern width:5
bar:Michael from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:harp    width:7
bar:Thomas  from:04/11/1995 till:11/01/1999 color:guitar
bar:Seb     from:11/01/1999 till:end        color:guitar
bar:Seb     from:11/01/1999 till:end        color:cittern width:3
bar:Kay     from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:bass
bar:Kay     from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:trumpet width:3
bar:Kay     from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:timpani width:7
bar:Marco   from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:bagpipes
bar:Marco   from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:flute   width:7
bar:Marco   from:04/11/1995 till:end        color:pipes   width:3
bar:Conny   from:04/11/1995 till:06/01/1996 color:bagpipes
bar:Andre   from:06/01/1996 till:end        color:bagpipes
bar:Andre   from:06/01/1996 till:end        color:flute   width:5
bar:Andre   from:06/01/1996 till:end        color:sampler width:3
bar:Andre   from:06/01/1996 till:end        color:trumpet width:7
bar:Mathias from:04/11/1995 till:06/01/1997 color:bagpipes
bar:Boris   from:06/01/1997 till:06/01/2021 color:bagpipes
bar:Boris   from:06/01/1997 till:06/01/2021 color:nyckelharpa width:3
bar:Boris   from:06/01/1997 till:06/01/2021 color:flute   width:7
bar:Reiner  from:04/11/1995 till:02/26/2010 color:drums
bar:Reiner  from:04/11/1995 till:02/26/2010 color:timpani width:3
bar:Florian from:06/11/2010 till:end        color:drums
</timeline>

Discography

Albums

Year Title Format Meaning Info
1997 In Extremo (Gold) Studio Medieval acoustic album
1998 Hameln Studio "Hamelin" Medieval acoustic album
1998 Weckt die Toten![22] Studio "Wake the Dead" Debut folk metal album
1998 Die Verrückten sind in der Stadt Live "The Madmen Are in Town" Recorded live on 26 July at Runneburg (Germany)
1999 Verehrt und angespien Studio "Worshipped and Spat Upon" Last album with guitarist Thomas Mund
2001 Sünder ohne Zügel Studio "Unbridled Sinners" First album with guitarist Sebastian Oliver Lange
2002 Live 2002 Live CD + DVD
2003 7 Studio
2005 Mein rasend Herz Studio "My Raging Heart"
2006 Raue Spree 2005 Live "Rough Spree" CD + DVD
2006 Kein Blick Zurück Best of "No Looking Back" Also contains two new songs and some rerecordings. The limited edition also featured a bonus disc with covers of In Extremo songs done by other bands.
2008 Sängerkrieg Studio "Singers' War"
2008 Sängerkrieg Akustik Radio Show Live "Singers' War Acoustic Radio Show"
2009 Am Goldenen Rhein[23] Live "On the Golden Rhine" CD + DVD. Last album with drummer Reiner Morgenroth.
2011 Sterneneisen[24] Studio "Iron from the Stars" First album with drummer Florian Speckardt.
2012 Sterneneisen Live – Laut sind wir und nicht die Leisen Live "Iron from the Stars Live – We Are Loud and Not the Quiet Ones" Live in Siegen (21 April 2011). The DVD featured both this show and the one at Rock am Ring (5 June 2011).
2013 Kunstraub Studio "Art Theft"
2015 20 wahre Jahre Box set "20 True Years" Contains the band's material from 1997 to 2015
2016 Quid Pro Quo[8] Studio "Give and Take"
2017 40 wahre Lieder – The Best Of Best of "40 True Songs – The Best Of" 2 CDs (plus 3 DVDs on the special edition)
2020 Kompass zur Sonne[25] Studio "Compass to the Sun"
2024 Wolkenschieber Studio "Cloud Mover"
2024 Wolkenschieber Live Live "Cloud Mover"
2025 Wolkenschieber - Live Unter Dem Blutmond Live "Cloud Mover - Live Under the Blood Moon" Includes live recording from December 7, 2024 at the Vienna Gasometer

Singles

  • 1996: Ai vis lo lop (Template:Langx, "I Saw the Wolf") (cassette)
  • 1997: In Extremo (Der Galgen)
  • 1998: Ai vis lo lop Vocal-Remix
  • 1999: This Corrosion (promo maxi CD)
  • 1999: Merseburger Zaubersprüche ("Merseburg Incantations") (promo maxi CD)
  • 2000: Vollmond ("Full Moon")
  • 2001: Unter dem Meer ("Below the Sea") (promo maxi CD)
  • 2001: Wind (promo maxi CD)
  • 2003: Küss mich ("Kiss Me")
  • 2003: Erdbeermund ("Strawberry Mouth")
  • 2005: Nur ihr allein ("Only You Alone") – released in three versions
  • 2005: Horizont ("Horizon")
  • 2006: Liam (German version)
  • 2008: Frei zu sein ("To Be Free")
  • 2008: Neues Glück ("New Luck")
  • 2011: Zigeunerskat ("Gypsy Skat")
  • 2011: Siehst du das Licht ("Do You See the Light")
  • 2011: Viva la vida ("Live Life")
  • 2013: Feuertaufe ("Baptism by Fire")
  • 2015: Loreley (20th Anniversary Song)
  • 2016: Sternhagelvoll ("Blotto")
  • 2020: Troja ("Troy")
  • 2020: Wintermärchen ("Winter Fable")
  • 2020: Schenk nochmal ein

Music videos

  • This Corrosion (1999, directed by Stephan Vollmer)
  • Vollmond (2000, directed by Heiner Thimm)
  • Wind (2001, directed by Heiner Thimm)
  • Küss mich (2003, directed by Uwe Flade)
  • Erdbeermund (2003, directed by Uwe Flade)
  • Nur ihr allein (2005, directed by Jörn Heitmann)
  • Horizont (2005 or 2006, directed by David Incorvaia)
  • Liam, official live music video (2006, directed by Uwe Flade)
  • Frei zu sein (2008, directed by Sharon Berkal)
  • Zigeunerskat (2011)
  • Viva la vida (2011)
  • Siehst du das Licht (2011)
  • Feuertaufe (2013)
  • Loreley (20th Anniversary Song) (2015)
  • Sternhagelvoll (2016)
  • Störtebeker (2016)
  • Lieb Vaterland, magst ruhig sein (2016)
  • Troja (2020)
  • Kompass zur Sonne (2020)
  • Schenk nochmal ein (2020)

Video games

  • Gothic (2001, Windows): The band, recreated in the game, was shown to play the acoustic version of "Herr Mannelig" in-game during the second chapter. In the international English release, the scene was removed for licensing issues,[26] even in the digital releases. A mod can restore the cameo.

Appearances

  • "I Walk Alone" (Tarja), In Extremo Remix
  • "Meridian" (Manntra), from the EP Meridian (2017) - featuring Michael Robert Rhein
  • "Murter" (Manntra), from the album Oyka! (2019) - featuring Michael Robert Rhein

See also

References

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  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=In_Extremo&oldid=4847016"