Dimitrie Sturdza: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
 
imported>Citation bot
Added date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Jay8g | #UCB_toolbar
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Romanian statesman and author}}
{{Short description|Romanian statesman and author (1833–1914)}}
{{Distinguish|Dimitri Sturdza}}
{{Distinguish|Dimitri Sturdza}}
[[Image:Sturdza.jpg|thumb|200px|Dimitrie Sturdza]]
{{Infobox officeholder
'''Prince Dimitrie Sturdza''' ({{IPA|ro|diˈmitri.e ˈsturza|-|Ro-Dimitrie Sturdza.ogg}}, in full '''Prince Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza-Miclăușanu'''; 10 March 1833{{snd}}21 October 1914) was a [[Romania]]n statesman and author of the late 19th century, and president of the [[Romanian Academy]] between 1882 and 1884. He is an aristocrat and member of the [[Sturdza family|House of Sturdza]].
| name        = Dimitrie A. Sturdza
| image        = Sturdza.jpg
|office        = 18th [[Prime Minister of Romania]]
|monarch      = [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]]
|term_start    = 12 March 1907
|term_end      = 27 December 1908
|predecessor  = [[Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino]]
|successor    = [[Ion I. C. Brătianu]]
|monarch1      = Carol I
|term_start1  = 14 February 1901
|term_end1    = 20 December 1904
|predecessor1  = [[Petre P. Carp]]
|successor1    = Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
|monarch2      = Carol I
|term_start2  = 31 March 1897
|term_end2    = 30 March 1899
|predecessor2  = [[Petre S. Aurelian]]
|successor2    = Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
|monarch3      = Carol I
|term_start3  = 4 October 1895
|term_end3    = 21 November 1896
|predecessor3  = [[Lascăr Catargiu]]
|successor3    = Petre S. Aurelian
 
| office4            = 13th [[President of the Senate of Romania]]
| term_start4        = 20 February 1897
| term_end4          = 31 March 1897
| monarch4          = Carol I
| predecessor4      = [[Dimitrie Ghica]]
| successor4        = [[Eugeniu Stătescu]]
 
| birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|10 March|1833|26 February}}
| birth_place        = [[Miclăuşeni]], [[Moldavia]]
| death_date = {{OldStyleDate|21 October|1914|8 October}}
| death_place        = [[Bucharest]], [[Kingdom of Romania]]
| resting_place      = [[Bellu Cemetery]], Bucharest
 
| party              = [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]]
| spouse            =
| children          =
| parents            = {{plainlist|
* Alexandru 'Alecu' Sturdza-Miclăuşanu
* Ecaterina Sturdza
}}
| relatives          =
| occupation        = {{hlist|Statesman|author}}
}}
 
'''Dimitrie A. Sturdza''' ({{IPA|ro|diˈmitri.e ˈsturza|-|Ro-Dimitrie Sturdza.ogg}}, in full '''Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza-Miclăușanu'''; {{OldStyleDate|10 March|1833|26 February}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Dimitrie A. Sturdza |url=https://acad.ro/membri_arhiva/stiinte/stiinte_sociale/Sturdza_Dimitrie.htm |website=Academia Română – Membrii Academiei |publisher=Academia Română |access-date=15 November 2025 |language=ro |quote=n. 10 martie 1833, Iași – d. 8 octombrie 1914, București}}</ref> – {{OldStyleDate|21 October|1914|8 October}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza: Reformer, Diplomat, Statesman |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dimitrie-Alexandru-Sturdza |website=Britannica |access-date=15 November 2025 |quote=Died: Oct. 21, 1914, Bucharest, Rom.}}</ref>) was a Romanian statesman and author of the late 19th century, and president of the [[Romanian Academy]] between 1882 and 1884. He was an aristocrat and member of the [[Sturdza family|House of Sturdza]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Born in [[Iași]], [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]], and educated there at the ''[[Academia Mihăileană]]'', he continued his studies in [[German Confederation|Germany]] at [[Munich]], [[Göttingen]], [[Bonn]], and [[Berlin]].<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Sturdza, Demeter|year=1905}}</ref> He took part in the political movements of the time.
Born in [[Miclăuşeni]], [[Moldavia]], and educated in [[Iași]] at the ''[[Academia Mihăileană]]'', he continued his studies in [[German Confederation|Germany]] at [[Munich]], [[Göttingen]], [[Bonn]], and [[Berlin]].<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Sturdza, Demeter|year=1905}}</ref> He took part in the political movements of the time.
[[Image:Dimitrie_Sturdza.jpg|thumb|left|150px]]
Sturdza was private secretary to [[Domnitor|Prince]] [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] in the early years of his reign.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Sturdza|display=Sturdza s.v. Demetrius [Dimitrie] Sturdza|first=Moses|last=Gaster|author-link=Moses Gaster}}</ref> During this time he also held a couple of ministerial posts in the Moldavian government (Minister of Cults and Education - 1859, Minister of Public Works - 1861). He afterwards turned against the increasingly unsanctioned rule of Cuza, becoming one of the most zealous promoters of his overthrow. In 1866, he joined [[Ion C. Brătianu]] and others in the deposition of Cuza and the election of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern (later King [[Carol I of Romania]]).<ref name=nie/> He was a founding member of the [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]] (1875). In the cabinets of Brătianu, 1876–88, he repeatedly held ministerial posts.<ref name=nie/>


Sturdza was private secretary to [[Domnitor|Prince]] [[Alexander John Cuza]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Sturdza|display=Sturdza s.v. Demetrius [Dimitrie] Sturdza|first=Moses|last=Gaster|author-link=Moses Gaster}}</ref> He afterwards turned against the increasingly unsanctioned rule of Cuza: He became Minister of Public Instruction in 1859, and was one of the most zealous promoters of the overthrow of Cuza. In 1866, he joined [[Ion Brătianu]] and others in the deposition of Cuza and the election of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern (later King [[Carol I of Romania]]).<ref name=nie/> He became a member of the [[Liberalism in Romania|Liberal]] government. In the cabinet of Bratianu, 1876–88, he repeatedly held ministerial posts.<ref name=nie/>
In 1892 he was elected leader of the [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]] in succession to Brătianu, and was four times [[List of Prime Ministers of Romania|Prime Minister]].<ref name="EB1911"/> During his last term in office, in 1907, Sturdza was called by [[King of Romania|King]] Carol I to handle the crisis created by the [[1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt|peasants' revolt of March]].  


In 1892 he was elected leader of the [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]] in succession to Brătianu, and was four times [[List of Prime Ministers of Romania|Prime Minister]].<ref name="EB1911"/> During his last term in office, in 1907, Sturdza was called by [[King of Romania|King]] Carol I to handle the crisis created by the [[1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt|peasants' revolt of March]]. Although noted for his capacity for work, he was also a [[Nationalism|nationalist]], resentful of "''aliens''"{{sfn|Gaster|1911}} (in line with the anti-[[Jewish]] policies of his party), and supported blocking non-Romanians from a large number of social positions. Sturdza was a notorious antisemite, supporting measures such as the expulsion of Romanian Jews, and he was known for his opposition towards the naturalization of the Jews in Romania. He was responsible for the exile of Romanian Jewish intellectuals [[Moses Gaster]] and [[Lazăr Şăineanu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/mosesgaster-figura-nedrept-uitata-1_541326aa0d133766a81476aa/index.html|title = Moses Gaster, o figură pe nedrept uitată}}</ref>
Although noted for his capacity for work, he was also a [[Nationalism|nationalist]], resentful of "''aliens''"{{sfn|Gaster|1911}} (in line with the anti-[[Jewish]] policies of his party), and supported blocking non-Romanians from a large number of social positions. Sturdza was a notorious antisemite, supporting measures such as the expulsion of Romanian Jews, and he was known for his opposition towards the naturalization of the Jews in Romania. He was responsible for the exile of Romanian Jewish intellectuals [[Moses Gaster]] and [[Lazăr Şăineanu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/mosesgaster-figura-nedrept-uitata-1_541326aa0d133766a81476aa/index.html|title = Moses Gaster, o figură pe nedrept uitată | date=12 September 2014 }}</ref> [[Zionist antisemitism|Nevertheless, he expressed support]] for the emerging [[Zionism|Zionist movement]]: he supported the organization of the [[1881 Focșani Zionist Congress]] and, in an 1886 interview for [[New York Herald]], he declared that "the idea of a Jewish state is an exceptional idea" and that "the creation of a Jewish state is the only solution for the [[Jewish Question]]".<ref name="adev2022-02-06 04:03">{{Citation | url=https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/focsani/congresul-care-a-pus-bazele-colonizarii-statului-2148046.html| title=Congresul care a pus bazele colonizării statului Israel. De ce a fost ales Focşani pentru rezolvarea problemei evreieşti| newspaper=Adevărul| date= 2022-02-06| accessdate=2025-10-15}}</ref><ref name="Biblioteca-digitala.ro_2025-10-15">{{Citation | url=https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/carte/CSIER/Idealul-sionist-presa-evreiasca-Romania_2010.pdf| title=| newspaper=Biblioteca-digitala.ro| date= | accessdate=2025-10-15}}</ref><ref name="Jews-focsani.iosub.com_2025-10-15">{{Citation | url=https://www.jews-focsani.iosub.com/ro/autostrada.html| title=Autostrada sionismului| newspaper=Jews-focsani.iosub.com| date= | accessdate=2025-10-15}}</ref>


He was appointed permanent secretary of the Romanian Academy, and became a recognized authority on [[Romanian numismatics]]. As secretary of the academy he was instrumental in assisting the publication of the collections of historic documents made by [[Constantin Hurmuzachi]] (30 vols., [[Bucharest]], 1876–1897), and other acts and documents, as well as a number of minor political pamphlets of transitory value.<ref name="EB1911"/>
He was appointed permanent secretary of the Romanian Academy, and became a recognized authority on [[Romanian numismatics]]. As secretary of the academy he was instrumental in assisting the publication of the collections of historic documents made by [[Constantin Hurmuzachi]] (30 vols., [[Bucharest]], 1876–1897), and other acts and documents, as well as a number of minor political pamphlets of transitory value.<ref name="EB1911"/>
Line 92: Line 142:
[[Category:Presidents of the Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:Ministers of public works of Romania]]
[[Category:Ministers of public works of Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian Zionists]]
[[Category:Sons of princes regnant]]
[[Category:Sons of princes regnant]]

Latest revision as of 09:25, 15 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Dimitrie A. Sturdza (Script error: No such module "IPA"., in full Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza-Miclăușanu; 10 March [O.S. 26 February] 1833[1] – 21 October [O.S. 8 October] 1914[2]) was a Romanian statesman and author of the late 19th century, and president of the Romanian Academy between 1882 and 1884. He was an aristocrat and member of the House of Sturdza.

Biography

Born in Miclăuşeni, Moldavia, and educated in Iași at the Academia Mihăileană, he continued his studies in Germany at Munich, Göttingen, Bonn, and Berlin.[3] He took part in the political movements of the time.

File:Dimitrie Sturdza.jpg

Sturdza was private secretary to Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza in the early years of his reign.[4] During this time he also held a couple of ministerial posts in the Moldavian government (Minister of Cults and Education - 1859, Minister of Public Works - 1861). He afterwards turned against the increasingly unsanctioned rule of Cuza, becoming one of the most zealous promoters of his overthrow. In 1866, he joined Ion C. Brătianu and others in the deposition of Cuza and the election of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern (later King Carol I of Romania).[3] He was a founding member of the National Liberal Party (1875). In the cabinets of Brătianu, 1876–88, he repeatedly held ministerial posts.[3]

In 1892 he was elected leader of the National Liberal Party in succession to Brătianu, and was four times Prime Minister.[4] During his last term in office, in 1907, Sturdza was called by King Carol I to handle the crisis created by the peasants' revolt of March.

Although noted for his capacity for work, he was also a nationalist, resentful of "aliens"Template:Sfn (in line with the anti-Jewish policies of his party), and supported blocking non-Romanians from a large number of social positions. Sturdza was a notorious antisemite, supporting measures such as the expulsion of Romanian Jews, and he was known for his opposition towards the naturalization of the Jews in Romania. He was responsible for the exile of Romanian Jewish intellectuals Moses Gaster and Lazăr Şăineanu.[5] Nevertheless, he expressed support for the emerging Zionist movement: he supported the organization of the 1881 Focșani Zionist Congress and, in an 1886 interview for New York Herald, he declared that "the idea of a Jewish state is an exceptional idea" and that "the creation of a Jewish state is the only solution for the Jewish Question".[6][7][8]

He was appointed permanent secretary of the Romanian Academy, and became a recognized authority on Romanian numismatics. As secretary of the academy he was instrumental in assisting the publication of the collections of historic documents made by Constantin Hurmuzachi (30 vols., Bucharest, 1876–1897), and other acts and documents, as well as a number of minor political pamphlets of transitory value.[4]

His son Template:Ill, by then a Colonel in the Romanian Army, defected to the Germans in 1916, during World War I.

Works

  • La Marche progressive de la Russie sur le Danube (1878)
  • Uebersicht der Münzen und Medaillen des Fürstentums Rumänien (1874)
  • Europa, Russia, Romania (1888)
  • La question des portes de fer et des cataractes du Danube (1899)
  • Charles I., roi de Roumanie (1899 et seq.)
  • Otu, Petre, Georgescu, Maria: Durchleuchtung eines Verrats. Der Fall des Oberst Alexandru D. Sturdza. Lektor Verlag. Hainburg. 2022.

See also

Notes

Template:More footnotes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c Template:Cite NIE
  4. ↑ a b c Wikisource This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Prime Minister of Romania
15 October 1895–2 December 1896 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Prime Minister of Romania
12 April 1897–23 April 1899 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Prime Minister of Romania
27 February 1901–4 January 1906 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Prime Minister of Romania
24 March 1907–9 January 1909 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by

Template:RomanianPrimeMinisters Template:RomanianForeignMinisters Template:Defence Ministers of Romania Template:RomanianInteriorMinisters Template:PNLHeads Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Third Ion C. Brătianu Cabinet Template:Fourth Ion C. Brătianu Cabinet Template:Chairman Senate Romania Template:Romanian Academy presidents

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Dimitrie_Sturdza&oldid=4626154"