Courser: Difference between revisions
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{{Automatic taxobox | {{Automatic taxobox | ||
| image = Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius cursor) Tal Chhapar, Churu, Rajasthan, India February 15th, 2013.jpg | | image = Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius cursor) Tal Chhapar, Churu, Rajasthan, India February 15th, 2013.jpg | ||
| image_caption = [[Cream- | | image_caption = [[Cream-coloured courser]] <br />(''Cursorius cursor'') | ||
| taxon = Cursoriinae | | taxon = Cursoriinae | ||
| subdivision_ranks = Genera | | subdivision_ranks = Genera | ||
| subdivision = | | subdivision = | ||
''[[Cursorius]]''<br> | ''[[Cursorius]]''<br /> | ||
''[[Rhinoptilus]]''<br> | ''[[Rhinoptilus]]''<br /> | ||
''[[Smutsornis]]'' | ''[[Smutsornis]]'' | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''coursers''' are a subfamily | The '''coursers''' are a subfamily '''Cursoriinae''' of [[bird]]s which, together with the [[pratincole]]s, make up the family [[Glareolidae]] in the order [[Charadriiformes]]. They have, compared to pratincoles, longer legs, shorter wings and longer pointed bills which curve downwards. They inhabit deserts and similar arid regions, and have cryptic plumage and crouch down when alarmed to avoid detection by predators. | ||
Like the pratincoles, the coursers are found in warmer parts of the [[Old World]]. They hunt insects by running. | Like the pratincoles, the coursers are found in warmer parts of the [[Old World]]. They hunt insects by running. | ||
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Their 2–3 eggs are laid on the ground. | Their 2–3 eggs are laid on the ground. | ||
== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
Although traditionally thought to be [[wader]]s, particularly closely related to [[plover]]s,<ref name="Cramp">{{cite book | last=Cramp | first=Stanley | title=Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: Waders to gulls | publisher=Oxford university press | publication-place=Oxford London New York | date=1983 | isbn=0-19-857506-8 | pages=84–85}}</ref><ref name=Hayman>{{cite book |title=Shorebirds: An Identification Guide |last1=Hayman |first1=Peter |last2=Marchant |first2=John |last3=Prater |first3=Tony |year=1986 |publisher=Croom Help |isbn=0-7099-2034-2 |pages=25, 70–73, 245–252}}</ref> genetic studies now classify the coursers and pratincoles in the suborder [[Lari (bird)|Lari]], more closely related to [[Laridae|gulls and terns]], and closest of all to the [[crab-plover]].<ref name="Černý">{{cite journal | last1=Černý | first1=David | last2=Natale | first2=Rossy | title=Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=177 | date=2022 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620 | article-number=107620 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790322002330 | access-date=2025-11-23| url-access=subscription }}</ref> | |||
*[[ | ===Species=== | ||
*[[ | Nine species are accepted:<ref name="IOC">{{cite web | title=Sandpipers, snipes, Crab-plover, coursers – IOC World Bird List | website=IOC World Bird List – Version 14.2 | date=2025-02-20 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/sandpipers/ | access-date=2025-11-23}}</ref> | ||
*[[Double-banded courser]] or two-banded courser ''Rhinoptilus africanus'' (syn. ''Smutsornis africanus''{{cn|date=November 2025}}) | |||
*[[Bronze-winged courser]] or violet-tipped courser ''Rhinoptilus chalcopterus'' | |||
*[[Three-banded courser]] or Heuglin's courser ''Rhinoptilus cinctus'' | |||
*[[Jerdon's courser]] ''Rhinoptilus bitorquatus'' | |||
*[[Indian courser]] ''Cursorius coromandelicus'' | |||
*[[Temminck's courser]] ''Cursorius temminckii '' | *[[Temminck's courser]] ''Cursorius temminckii '' | ||
*[[Burchell's courser]] ''Cursorius rufus'' | *[[Burchell's courser]] ''Cursorius rufus'' | ||
*[[ | *[[Cream-coloured courser]] ''Cursorius cursor'' | ||
*[[Somali courser]] ''Cursorius somalensis'' | |||
*[[ | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{taxonbar|from=Q3007752}} | {{taxonbar|from=Q3007752}} | ||
Latest revision as of 03:36, 1 December 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Automatic taxobox
The coursers are a subfamily Cursoriinae of birds which, together with the pratincoles, make up the family Glareolidae in the order Charadriiformes. They have, compared to pratincoles, longer legs, shorter wings and longer pointed bills which curve downwards. They inhabit deserts and similar arid regions, and have cryptic plumage and crouch down when alarmed to avoid detection by predators.
Like the pratincoles, the coursers are found in warmer parts of the Old World. They hunt insects by running.
Their 2–3 eggs are laid on the ground.
Taxonomy
Although traditionally thought to be waders, particularly closely related to plovers,[1][2] genetic studies now classify the coursers and pratincoles in the suborder Lari, more closely related to gulls and terns, and closest of all to the crab-plover.[3]
Species
Nine species are accepted:[4]
- Double-banded courser or two-banded courser Rhinoptilus africanus (syn. Smutsornis africanusScript error: No such module "Unsubst".)
- Bronze-winged courser or violet-tipped courser Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
- Three-banded courser or Heuglin's courser Rhinoptilus cinctus
- Jerdon's courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus
- Indian courser Cursorius coromandelicus
- Temminck's courser Cursorius temminckii
- Burchell's courser Cursorius rufus
- Cream-coloured courser Cursorius cursor
- Somali courser Cursorius somalensis
References
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