Oden: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Oden-atshop-dec-2015.webm|thumb|Various oden stewing in broth]] | [[File:Oden-atshop-dec-2015.webm|thumb|Various oden stewing in broth]] | ||
'''''Oden''''' ({{linktext|おでん}} or {{linktext|御田}}) is a type of [[nabemono]] ([[Japan]]ese one-pot [[dish (food)|dish]]es) consisting of several ingredients such as boiled [[egg (food)|eggs]], [[daikon]] or [[konjac]], and processed [[fish ball]]s stewed in a light, [[soy sauce|soy]]-flavored [[dashi]] [[broth]]. | |||
Oden was originally what is now commonly called ''{{Ill|miso dengaku|ja|味噌田楽}}'' or simply ''dengaku''; konjac (''konnyaku'') or [[tofu]] was boiled and eaten with [[miso]]. Later, instead of using miso, ingredients were cooked in dashi, and oden became popular. Ingredients vary according to region and between each household. [[Karashi]] is often used as a condiment. | Oden was originally what is now commonly called ''{{Ill|miso dengaku|ja|味噌田楽}}'' or simply ''dengaku''; konjac (こんにゃく, ''konnyaku'') or [[tofu]] was boiled and eaten with [[miso]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Tsuji |first=Shizuo |title=Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art |publisher=Kodansha International |year=1980 |isbn=9780870113994}}</ref> | ||
<ref>{{cite book |author=Michael Ashkenazi; Jeanne Jacob |title=Food Culture in Japan |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780313324383}}</ref> Later, instead of using miso, ingredients were cooked in dashi, and oden became popular. Ingredients vary according to region and between each household. [[Karashi]] is often used as a condiment. | |||
Oden is often sold from [[Yatai (retail)|food carts]], though some [[izakaya]]s and several [[Convenience store#Japan|convenience store]] chains also serve it, and dedicated oden restaurants exist. Many different varieties are sold, with single-ingredient dishes sometimes as cheap as 100 [[yen]]. While it is usually considered a winter food,<ref name=itoh>{{citation |last=Itoh |first=Makiko |title='Oden': Japan's traditional winter fast food | newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/01/20/food/japans-traditional-winter-fast-food/#.XUTlFDfYpvM}}</ref> some carts and restaurants offer oden year-round. Many of these restaurants keep their broth as a [[master stock]], replenishing it as it simmers to let the flavor deepen and develop over many months and years.<ref name="Davelle">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/dining/davelle-review-lower-east-side.html|title=At Davelle, a Son of Hokkaido Puts Luxury in Reach|last1=Mishan|first1=Ligaya|date=7 June 2018|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref> | Oden is often sold from [[Yatai (retail)|food carts]], though some [[izakaya]]s and several [[Convenience store#Japan|convenience store]] chains also serve it, and dedicated oden restaurants exist. Many different varieties are sold, with single-ingredient dishes sometimes as cheap as 100 [[yen]]. While it is usually considered a winter food,<ref name=itoh>{{citation |last=Itoh |first=Makiko |title='Oden': Japan's traditional winter fast food | newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/01/20/food/japans-traditional-winter-fast-food/#.XUTlFDfYpvM}}</ref> some carts and restaurants offer oden year-round. Many of these restaurants keep their broth as a [[master stock]], replenishing it as it simmers to let the flavor deepen and develop over many months and years.<ref name="Davelle">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/dining/davelle-review-lower-east-side.html|title=At Davelle, a Son of Hokkaido Puts Luxury in Reach|last1=Mishan|first1=Ligaya|date=7 June 2018|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref> | ||
Oden is represented in Unicode as an emoji at code point U+1F362: 🍢 | |||
== Regional variations == | == Regional variations == | ||
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[[File:Night Market of Keelung, different kinds of meat, view 4.jpg|thumb|Taiwanese-style oden in a [[night market]] in [[Keelung]]]] | [[File:Night Market of Keelung, different kinds of meat, view 4.jpg|thumb|Taiwanese-style oden in a [[night market]] in [[Keelung]]]] | ||
Oden was introduced to [[Taiwanese cuisine]] during [[Japanese rule of Taiwan|Japanese rule]] and is referred to in [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] as {{lang|nan-TW|olen}} ({{zh|t=烏輪|zh|poj=o͘-lián}}),<ref>{{holodict|31111|e=oo33 lian51}}</ref> which has been further loaned into [[Taiwanese Mandarin]] as {{lang|cmn-Latn-TW|hēilún}} ({{zh|t=黑輪}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=Z00000080567 |title=黑輪|website=教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 |publisher=[[Ministry of Education (Taiwan)|Ministry of Education, R.O.C.]] |date=2015}}</ref> {{lang|cmn-Latn-TW|Tianbula}} ({{CJKV|c=甜不辣|p=tiánbùlà|l=sweet, not spicy}})<ref>{{holodict|31159|e=thian35 pu55 lah3}}</ref> is a common ingredient for oden and is a popular snack at [[night market]]s. Tianbula is actually Japanese {{lang|ja-Latn|[[satsuma-age]]}} and was introduced to Taiwan by people from Kyushu (where {{lang|ja-Latn|satsuma-age}} is commonly known as {{lang|ja-Latn|tempura}}) when Taiwan was under Japanese rule.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koryu.or.jp/Portals/0/images/publications/magazine/2016/1/201601_04.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.koryu.or.jp/Portals/0/images/publications/magazine/2016/1/201601_04.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=片倉佳史の台湾歴史紀行 第一回 港湾都市・基隆を訪ねる|first=Yoshifumi |last=Katakura |author-link=:ja:片倉佳史 |publisher=[[Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association]] |date=2016 |access-date=March 23, 2020 |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/13209051/|title=「さつま揚げ」の各都道府県での呼び名を調査 関西は「天ぷら」 |publisher=J-TOWN.NET |date=June 16, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref> Besides the more traditional ingredients, the Taiwanese {{lang|nan-TW|olen}} also uses many local ingredients, such as pork [[meatball]]s and [[pig's blood cake|blood puddings]]. More recently, oden is offered in [[convenience stores]] where it is sold as {{lang|cmn-Latn|guāndōngzhǔ}} ({{Lang|zh-Hant|關東煮}}), the Mandarin reading of the Japanese characters for {{lang|ja-Latn|Kantō-ni}}. | Oden was introduced to [[Taiwanese cuisine]] during [[Japanese rule of Taiwan|Japanese rule]] and is referred to in [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] as {{lang|nan-TW|olen}} ({{zh|t=烏輪|zh|poj=o͘-lián}}),<ref>{{holodict|31111|e=oo33 lian51}}</ref> which has been further loaned into [[Taiwanese Mandarin]] as {{lang|cmn-Latn-TW|hēilún}} ({{zh|t=黑輪}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=Z00000080567 |title=黑輪|website=教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 |publisher=[[Ministry of Education (Taiwan)|Ministry of Education, R.O.C.]] |date=2015}}</ref> {{lang|cmn-Latn-TW|Tianbula}} ({{CJKV|c=甜不辣|p=tiánbùlà|l=sweet, not spicy}})<ref>{{holodict|31159|e=thian35 pu55 lah3}}</ref> is a common ingredient for oden and is a popular snack at [[night market]]s. Tianbula is actually Japanese {{lang|ja-Latn|[[satsuma-age]]}} and was introduced to Taiwan by people from Kyushu (where {{lang|ja-Latn|satsuma-age}} is commonly known as {{lang|ja-Latn|tempura}}) when Taiwan was under Japanese rule.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koryu.or.jp/Portals/0/images/publications/magazine/2016/1/201601_04.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.koryu.or.jp/Portals/0/images/publications/magazine/2016/1/201601_04.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=片倉佳史の台湾歴史紀行 第一回 港湾都市・基隆を訪ねる|first=Yoshifumi |last=Katakura |author-link=:ja:片倉佳史 |publisher=[[Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association]] |date=2016 |access-date=March 23, 2020 |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/13209051/|title=「さつま揚げ」の各都道府県での呼び名を調査 関西は「天ぷら」 |publisher=J-TOWN.NET |date=June 16, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref> Besides the more traditional ingredients, the Taiwanese {{lang|nan-TW|olen}} also uses many local ingredients, such as pork [[meatball]]s and [[pig's blood cake|blood puddings]]. More recently, oden is offered in [[convenience stores]] where it is sold as {{lang|cmn-Latn|guāndōngzhǔ}} ({{Lang|zh-Hant|關東煮}}), the Mandarin reading of the Japanese characters for {{lang|ja-Latn|Kantō-ni}}. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 00:34, 24 December 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Italic title Template:Infobox prepared food
Oden (Template:Linktext or Template:Linktext) is a type of nabemono (Japanese one-pot dishes) consisting of several ingredients such as boiled eggs, daikon or konjac, and processed fish balls stewed in a light, soy-flavored dashi broth.
Oden was originally what is now commonly called Template:Ill or simply dengaku; konjac (こんにゃく, konnyaku) or tofu was boiled and eaten with miso.[1] [2] Later, instead of using miso, ingredients were cooked in dashi, and oden became popular. Ingredients vary according to region and between each household. Karashi is often used as a condiment.
Oden is often sold from food carts, though some izakayas and several convenience store chains also serve it, and dedicated oden restaurants exist. Many different varieties are sold, with single-ingredient dishes sometimes as cheap as 100 yen. While it is usually considered a winter food,[3] some carts and restaurants offer oden year-round. Many of these restaurants keep their broth as a master stock, replenishing it as it simmers to let the flavor deepen and develop over many months and years.[4]
Oden is represented in Unicode as an emoji at code point U+1F362: 🍢
Regional variations
Japan
In Nagoya, it may be called Template:Nihongo4 and soy sauce is used as a dipping sauce. Miso oden is simmered in hatchō miso broth, which tastes lightly sweet. Konjac and tofu are common ingredients.
In the Kansai area, this dish is sometimes called Template:Nihongo4 and tends to be more strongly flavored than the lighter Kantō version.[5]
Shizuoka oden uses a dark-colored broth flavored with beef stock and dark soy sauce, and all ingredients are skewered. Dried and ground fish (sardine, mackerel, or katsuobushi) and aonori powder are sprinkled on top before eating.
Udon restaurants in Kagawa Prefecture in Shikoku almost always offer oden as a side dish, to be eaten with sweet miso while waiting for udon.
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Typical oden ingredients
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Oden store at Sunpu Castle Park in Shizuoka City
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Outside Japan
China
In China, 7-Eleven markets oden as Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Wikt-lang) a word play on 'good pot'.
South Korea
In South Korea, the loanword Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) borrowed from Japanese Script error: No such module "Lang". is a synonym of Script error: No such module "Lang". (fishcakes).[6] The boiled dish consisting of fishcakes is called by the names such as Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) or Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), with the words such as Script error: No such module "Lang". ('soup') or Script error: No such module "Lang". ('hot pot') attached to the ingredient name. The street food version is sold from small carts and is usually served with a spicy soup. It is very common on the streets of South Korea and there are many restaurants that have it on the menu or specialize in it.
Taiwan
Oden was introduced to Taiwanese cuisine during Japanese rule and is referred to in Taiwanese Hokkien as Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Zh),[7] which has been further loaned into Taiwanese Mandarin as Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Zh).[8] Script error: No such module "Lang". (Chinese: Script error: No such module "Lang".; pinyin: Script error: No such module "lang".; lit. 'sweet, not spicy')[9] is a common ingredient for oden and is a popular snack at night markets. Tianbula is actually Japanese Script error: No such module "Lang". and was introduced to Taiwan by people from Kyushu (where Script error: No such module "Lang". is commonly known as Script error: No such module "Lang".) when Taiwan was under Japanese rule.[10][11] Besides the more traditional ingredients, the Taiwanese Script error: No such module "Lang". also uses many local ingredients, such as pork meatballs and blood puddings. More recently, oden is offered in convenience stores where it is sold as Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), the Mandarin reading of the Japanese characters for Script error: No such module "Lang"..
See also
References
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- ↑ Template:Holodict
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- ↑ Template:Holodict
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External links
Template:Sister project Template:Sister project Template:Sister project