Buttonquail: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>Jennytallyho No edit summary |
imported>Unicorn-Tolerance No edit summary |
||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
'''Buttonquail''' or '''hemipodes''' are members of a small family of [[bird]]s, '''Turnicidae''', which resemble, but are not closely related to, the [[coturnix|quail]]s of [[Phasianidae]]. They inhabit warm [[grassland]]s in [[Asia]], [[Africa]], [[Europe]], and [[Australia]]. There are 18 species in two genera, with most species placed in the genus ''[[Turnix]]'' and a single species in the genus ''[[Quail-plover|Ortyxelos]]''. | '''Buttonquail''' or '''hemipodes''' are members of a small family of [[bird]]s, '''Turnicidae''', which resemble, but are not closely related to, the [[coturnix|quail]]s of [[Phasianidae]]. They inhabit warm [[grassland]]s in [[Asia]], [[Africa]], [[Europe]], and [[Australia]]. There are 18 species in two genera, with most species placed in the genus ''[[Turnix]]'' and a single species in the genus ''[[Quail-plover|Ortyxelos]]''. | ||
Buttonquails are small | Buttonquails are small running birds that avoid flying. Unusually among bird species, the female is the more richly colored of the sexes. While the [[quail-plover]] is thought to be [[Monogamy|monogamous]], ''Turnix'' buttonquails are sequentially [[polyandry in animals|polyandrous]]; both sexes cooperate in building a nest in the earth, but normally only the male [[Avian incubation|incubates]] the eggs and tends the young, while the female may go on to mate with other males. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
The genus ''Turnix'' was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Pierre Bonnaterre]].<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Bonnaterre | first1=Pierre Joseph | author-link=Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre | last2=Vieillot | first2=Louis Pierre | author2-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1823 | title=Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie | volume=Part 1 | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Panckoucke | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114657 lxxxii], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114678 5-6] }} Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (''livraison'') containing the description was published in 1791. See: {{ cite book | last1=Dickinson | first1=E.C. | author1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | last2=Overstreet | first2=L.K. | last3=Dowsett | first3=R.J. | last4=Bruce | first4=M.D. | year=2011 | title=Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers | location=Northampton, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-1-5 | page=78 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267763194 }}</ref> The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus ''[[Coturnix]]''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=393 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n393/mode/1up }}</ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[common buttonquail]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1934 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=2 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=142 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482955 }}</ref> | The genus ''Turnix'' was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Pierre Bonnaterre]].<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Bonnaterre | first1=Pierre Joseph | author-link=Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre | last2=Vieillot | first2=Louis Pierre | author2-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1823 | title=Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie | volume=Part 1 | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Panckoucke | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114657 lxxxii], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114678 5-6] }} Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (''livraison'') containing the description was published in 1791. See: {{ cite book | last1=Dickinson | first1=E.C. | author1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | last2=Overstreet | first2=L.K. | last3=Dowsett | first3=R.J. | last4=Bruce | first4=M.D. | year=2011 | title=Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers | location=Northampton, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-1-5 | page=78 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267763194 }}</ref> The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus ''[[Coturnix]]''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=393 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n393/mode/1up }}</ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[common buttonquail]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1934 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=2 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=142 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482955 }}</ref> | ||
The buttonquail family, Turnicidae, was introduced in 1840 by the English zoologist [[George Robert Gray]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | location=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=63 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668980 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bock | first=Walter J. | year=1994 | title=History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names | series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume= 222 | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | location=New York | pages=112, 178, 237 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/830 }}<!--Linked page allows download of the 48MB pdf--></ref> The buttonquails were traditionally placed in [[Gruiformes]] or [[Galliformes]] (the crane and pheasant orders). The [[Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy]] elevated them to ordinal status as the '''Turniciformes''' and [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] to other [[Neoaves]] either because their accelerated rate of [[molecular evolution]] exceeded the limits of sensitivity of [[ | The buttonquail family, Turnicidae, was introduced in 1840 by the English zoologist [[George Robert Gray]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | location=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=63 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668980 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bock | first=Walter J. | year=1994 | title=History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names | series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume= 222 | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | location=New York | pages=112, 178, 237 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/830 }}<!--Linked page allows download of the 48MB pdf--></ref> The buttonquails were traditionally placed in [[Gruiformes]] or [[Galliformes]] (the crane and pheasant orders). The [[Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy]] elevated them to ordinal status as the '''Turniciformes''' and [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] to other [[Neoaves]] either because their accelerated rate of [[molecular evolution]] exceeded the limits of sensitivity of [[DNA–DNA hybridization]] or because the authors did not perform the appropriate pairwise comparisons or both. Morphological, DNA–DNA hybridization and [[DNA sequence|sequence]] data indicate that turnicids correctly belong to the shorebirds ([[Charadriiformes]]).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF|year=2003|title=RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=29 |pages=268–78 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8 |pmid=13678682 |issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Fain, Matthew G. |author2=Houde, Peter |name-list-style=amp |year=2004 |title=Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds |journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] |volume=58 |pages=2558–73 |doi=10.1554/04-235 |url=http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf |pmid=15612298 |issue=11 |s2cid=1296408 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407204436/http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf |archivedate=2013-04-07 }}</ref><ref name=Paton06>{{cite journal |vauthors=Paton TA, Baker AJ|year=2006|title=Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=39 |pages=657–67 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011 |pmid=16531074 |issue=3}} | ||
</ref> They seem to be an ancient group among these, as indicated by the buttonquail-like [[Early Oligocene]] [[fossil]] ''[[Turnipax]]'' and the collected molecular data.<ref name=Paton06/> | </ref> They seem to be an ancient group among these, as indicated by the buttonquail-like [[Early Oligocene]] [[fossil]] ''[[Turnipax]]'' and the collected molecular data.<ref name=Paton06/> | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons category|Turnicidae}} | {{commons category|Turnicidae}} | ||
*[ | *[https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turnic1/cur/introduction Buttonquail information] on the Internet Bird Collection | ||
{{Charadriiformes|L.|state=collapsed}} | {{Charadriiformes|L.|state=collapsed}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:54, 19 November 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Automatic taxobox
Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are not closely related to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 18 species in two genera, with most species placed in the genus Turnix and a single species in the genus Ortyxelos.
Buttonquails are small running birds that avoid flying. Unusually among bird species, the female is the more richly colored of the sexes. While the quail-plover is thought to be monogamous, Turnix buttonquails are sequentially polyandrous; both sexes cooperate in building a nest in the earth, but normally only the male incubates the eggs and tends the young, while the female may go on to mate with other males.
Taxonomy
The genus Turnix was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in Pierre Bonnaterre.[1] The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus Coturnix.[2] The type species was subsequently designated as the common buttonquail.[3]
The buttonquail family, Turnicidae, was introduced in 1840 by the English zoologist George Robert Gray.[4][5] The buttonquails were traditionally placed in Gruiformes or Galliformes (the crane and pheasant orders). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy elevated them to ordinal status as the Turniciformes and basal to other Neoaves either because their accelerated rate of molecular evolution exceeded the limits of sensitivity of DNA–DNA hybridization or because the authors did not perform the appropriate pairwise comparisons or both. Morphological, DNA–DNA hybridization and sequence data indicate that turnicids correctly belong to the shorebirds (Charadriiformes).[6][7][8] They seem to be an ancient group among these, as indicated by the buttonquail-like Early Oligocene fossil Turnipax and the collected molecular data.[8]
Description
The buttonquails are a group of small terrestrial birds. The smallest species is the quail-plover, the only species in the genus Ortyxelos, which is Template:Cvt in length and weighs only Template:Convert. The buttonquails in the genus Turnix range from Template:Cvt in length and weigh between Template:Cvt. They superficially resemble the true quails of the genus Coturnix, but differ from them in lacking a hind toe and a crop. The females of this family also possess a unique vocal organ created by an enlarged trachea and inflatable bulb in the esophagus, which they use to produce a booming call.[9]
Breeding
Buttonquails are unusual in that females are serially polyandrous. The nest is a scape on the ground often near overhanging vegetation. The female lays a clutch of 4 or 5 eggs and then looks for a new mate. The male incubates the eggs which hatch synchronously after 12 to 15 days. The precocial chicks leave the nest soon after hatching and are cared for by the male. They can fly at two weeks of age and become independent at four weeks. For the smaller species sexual maturity is reached at three months.[9]
Species
Family: Turnicidae
- Genus: Ortyxelos
- Quail-plover, Ortyxelos meiffrenii
- Genus: Turnix
- Common buttonquail, Turnix sylvaticus
- Red-backed buttonquail, Turnix maculosus
- Fynbos buttonquail, Turnix hottentottus
- Black-rumped buttonquail, Turnix nanus
- Yellow-legged buttonquail, Turnix tanki
- Spotted buttonquail, Turnix ocellatus
- Barred buttonquail, Turnix suscitator
- Madagascar buttonquail, Turnix nigricollis
- Black-breasted buttonquail, Turnix melanogaster
- Chestnut-backed buttonquail, Turnix castanotus
- Buff-breasted buttonquail, Turnix olivii
- Painted buttonquail, Turnix varius
- Abrolhos painted buttonquail, Turnix varius scintillans
- New Caledonian buttonquail, Turnix novaecaledoniae (possibly extinct: early 20th century)
- Worcester's buttonquail, Turnix worcesteri
- Sumba buttonquail, Turnix everetti
- Red-chested buttonquail, Turnix pyrrhothorax
- Little buttonquail, Turnix velox
Gallery
-
Barred buttonquail (Turnix suscitator)
-
Small buttonquail (Turnix sylvatica)
-
Painted buttonquail (Turnix varia)
-
Red-chested buttonquail (Turnix pyrrhothorax)
References
- Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.
External links
- Buttonquail information on the Internet Bird Collection
Template:Charadriiformes Template:Taxonbar
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (livraison) containing the description was published in 1791. See: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".