Little grebe: Difference between revisions

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| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | year = 2017 | title = ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' |amends=2016 | volume = 2017 | page = e.T22696545A111716447 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22696545A111716447.en | access-date = 27 February 2022 }}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | year = 2017 | title = ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' |amends=2016 | volume = 2017 | article-number = e.T22696545A111716447 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22696545A111716447.en | access-date = 27 February 2022 }}</ref>
| genus = Tachybaptus
| genus = Tachybaptus
| species = ruficollis
| species = ruficollis
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| range_map_caption =  
| range_map_caption =  
| range_map_alt =  Global range
| range_map_alt =  Global range
<br>{{align|left|{{color box|#00FF00}} breeding }}
<br />{{align|left|{{color box|#00FF00}} breeding }}
<br>{{align|left|{{color box|#008000}} resident }}
<br />{{align|left|{{color box|#008000}} resident }}
<br>{{align|left|{{color box|#007FFF}} non-breeding }}
<br />{{align|left|{{color box|#007FFF}} non-breeding }}
<br>{{align|left|{{color box|#FF00FF}} vagrant (seasonality uncertain) }}
<br />{{align|left|{{color box|#FF00FF}} vagrant (seasonality uncertain) }}
}}
}}


The '''little grebe''' ('''''Tachybaptus ruficollis'''''), also known as '''dabchick''', is a member of the [[grebe]] family of [[water birds]]. The genus name is from [[Ancient Greek]] ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from [[Latin]] ''rufus'' "red" and [[Neo-Latin|Modern Latin]] ''-collis'', "-necked", itself derived from Latin ''collum'' "neck".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=[[Christopher Helm]]| location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n341 341], 377}}</ref>
The '''little grebe''' ('''''Tachybaptus ruficollis'''''), also known as the '''dabchick''', is a member of the [[grebe]] family of [[water birds]]. The genus name is from [[Ancient Greek]] ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from [[Latin]] ''rufus'' "red" and [[Neo-Latin|Modern Latin]] ''-collis'', "-necked", itself derived from Latin ''collum'' "neck".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=[[Christopher Helm]]| location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n341 341], 377}}</ref>


At {{convert|23|to|29|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=off}} in length it is the smallest [[Europe]]an member of its family. It is commonly found in open bodies of water across most of its range.
At {{convert|23|to|29|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=off}} in length it is the smallest [[Europe]]an member of its family. It is commonly found in open bodies of water across most of its range.
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! Summer !! Winter !! Scientific name !! Distribution !! Notes
! Summer !! Winter !! Scientific name !! Distribution !! Notes
|-
|-
|[[File:Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Parc de Woluwé, Brussels (14748388013).jpg|120px]]<br>Brussels, Belgium || [[File:Grèbe castagneux Lac de Tunis.jpg|120px]]<br>Lac de Tunis, Tunisia || ''T. r. ruficollis'' <small>[[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1764</small> || [[Nominate subspecies#Nominotypical subspecies and subspecies autonyms|nominate]], [[Europe]] to western [[Asia]], south to northern Africa; northeast European birds migratory, others resident. || Eye dark brown; secondaries with no or minimal white.
|[[File:Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Parc de Woluwé, Brussels (14748388013).jpg|120px]]<br />Brussels, Belgium || [[File:Grèbe castagneux Lac de Tunis.jpg|120px]]<br />Lac de Tunis, Tunisia || ''T. r. ruficollis'' <small>[[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1764</small> || [[Nominate subspecies#Nominotypical subspecies and subspecies autonyms|nominate]], [[Europe]] to western [[Asia]], south to northern Africa; northeast European birds migratory, others resident. || Eye dark brown; secondaries with no or minimal white.
|-
|-
|[[File:Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Breeding by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN6305 (6).jpg|120px]]<br>Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India || [[File:Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Coimbatore DSCN2958.jpg|120px]]<br>Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India || ''T. r. albescens'' <small>([[William Thomas Blanford|Blanford]], 1877)</small> || Southern and central Asia from [[Turkmenistan]] to southern [[Kazakhstan]], south to [[Sri Lanka]], and east through [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]] and [[Bangladesh]] to [[Myanmar]]; central Asian birds migratory, south Asian birds resident. || Eye orange to yellow; bill short; secondaries with extensive white.
|[[File:Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Breeding by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN6305 (6).jpg|120px]]<br />Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India || [[File:Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Coimbatore DSCN2958.jpg|120px]]<br />Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India || ''T. r. albescens'' <small>([[William Thomas Blanford|Blanford]], 1877)</small> || Southern and central Asia from [[Turkmenistan]] to southern [[Kazakhstan]], south to [[Sri Lanka]], and east through [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]] and [[Bangladesh]] to [[Myanmar]]; central Asian birds migratory, south Asian birds resident. || Eye orange to yellow; bill short; secondaries with extensive white.
|-
|-
|[[File:Tachybaptus ruficollis iraquensis, Al Jahra Governorate, Kuwait 1.jpg|120px]]<br>Al Jahra, Kuwait || [[File:Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 120.jpg|120px]]<br>Kuwait || ''T. r. iraquensis'' <small>([[Claud B. Ticehurst|Ticehurst]], 1923)</small> || [[Tigris–Euphrates river system]] in southeastern Iraq, southwestern Iran, and Kuwait; resident. || Eye dark brown; bill short; secondaries with extensive white.
|[[File:Tachybaptus ruficollis iraquensis, Al Jahra Governorate, Kuwait 1.jpg|120px]]<br />Al Jahra, Kuwait || [[File:Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 120.jpg|120px]]<br />Kuwait || ''T. r. iraquensis'' <small>([[Claud B. Ticehurst|Ticehurst]], 1923)</small> || [[Tigris–Euphrates river system]] in southeastern Iraq, southwestern Iran, and Kuwait; resident. || Eye dark brown; bill short; secondaries with extensive white.
|-
|-
|[[File:Little Grebe (or Dabchick), Tachbaptus ruficollis, at Marievale Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa - breeding plumage (21384311706).jpg|120px]]<br>Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa || [[File:Tachybaptus ruficollis at Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa - non-breeding plumage (21222514200).jpg|120px]]<br>Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa || ''T. r. capensis'' <small>([[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1884)</small> || Sub-Saharan [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]], [[Comoros]]. || Eye reddish brown; secondaries with extensive white.
|[[File:Little Grebe (or Dabchick), Tachbaptus ruficollis, at Marievale Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa - breeding plumage (21384311706).jpg|120px]]<br />Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa || [[File:Tachybaptus ruficollis at Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa - non-breeding plumage (21222514200).jpg|120px]]<br />Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa || ''T. r. capensis'' <small>([[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1884)</small> || Sub-Saharan [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]], [[Comoros]]. || Eye reddish brown; secondaries with extensive white.
|-
|-
|[[File:Little grebe in Sakai, Osaka, February 2016.jpg|120px]]<br>Sakai, Osaka, Japan || [[File:Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei (winter plumage) s2.jpg|120px]]<br>Kihoku, Mie Prefecture, Japan || ''T. r. poggei'' <small>([[Anton Reichenow|Reichenow]], 1902)</small> || Eastern Asia, in [[China]], [[Korea]], [[Taiwan]], [[Japan]], and the south [[Kuril Islands]]. || Eye pale yellow to white; bill long; secondaries with no or minimal white.
|[[File:Little grebe in Sakai, Osaka, February 2016.jpg|120px]]<br />Sakai, Osaka, Japan || [[File:Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei (winter plumage) s2.jpg|120px]]<br />Kihoku, Mie Prefecture, Japan || ''T. r. poggei'' <small>([[Anton Reichenow|Reichenow]], 1902)</small> || Eastern Asia, in [[China]], [[Korea]], [[Taiwan]], [[Japan]], and the south [[Kuril Islands]]. || Eye pale yellow to white; bill long; secondaries with no or minimal white.
|-
|-
| ||  || ''T. r. philippensis'' <small>([[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1790)</small> || Northern [[Philippines]] ([[Luzon]] and nearby islands), [[Borneo]]. || Eye pale yellow to white; bill long; secondaries with white.
| ||  || ''T. r. philippensis'' <small>([[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1790)</small> || Northern [[Philippines]] ([[Luzon]] and nearby islands), [[Borneo]]. || Eye pale yellow to white; bill long; secondaries with white.
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Juvenile birds have a yellow bill with a small black tip, and black and white streaks on the cheeks and sides of the neck as seen below. This yellow bill darkens as the juveniles age, eventually turning black in adulthood.
Juvenile birds have a yellow bill with a small black tip, and black and white streaks on the cheeks and sides of the neck as seen below. This yellow bill darkens as the juveniles age, eventually turning black in adulthood.


In winter, its size, buff [[Feather|plumage]], with a darker back and cap, and “powder puff” rear end enable easy identification of this species. The little grebe's breeding call, given singly or in duet, is a [[Trill (music)|trill]]ed repeated ''weet-weet-weet'' or ''wee-wee-wee'' which sounds like a [[horse]] whinnying.
In winter, its size, buff [[Feather|plumage]], with a darker back and cap, and "powder puff" rear end enable easy identification of this species. The little grebe's breeding call, given singly or in duet, is a [[Trill (music)|trill]]ed repeated ''weet-weet-weet'' or ''wee-wee-wee'' which sounds like a [[horse]] whinnying.


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
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<ref name=IOC>{{cite web |editor1-last=Gill |editor1-first=F. |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=D. |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |name-list-style=amp |year=2024 |title=Grebes, flamingos |website=IOC World Bird List (v 14.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/grebes/ |doi=10.14344/IOC.ML.11.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=IOC>{{cite web |editor1-last=Gill |editor1-first=F. |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=D. |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |name-list-style=amp |year=2024 |title=Grebes, flamingos |website=IOC World Bird List (v 14.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/grebes/ |doi=10.14344/IOC.ML.11.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=Ogilvie2003>{{cite book |title=Grebes of the World |last1=Ogilvie |first1=Malcolm |first2=Chris |last2=Rose |publisher=Bruce Coleman |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-872842-03-5}}</ref>
<ref name=Ogilvie2003>{{cite book |title=Grebes of the World |last1=Ogilvie |first1=Malcolm |first2=Chris |last2=Rose |publisher=Bruce Coleman |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-872842-03-5}}</ref>
<ref name=Prokop2011>{{cite journal |title=Why do grebes cover their nests? Laboratory and field tests of two alternative hypotheses |last1=Prokop |first1=Pavel |first2=Alfréd |last2=Trnka |year=2011 |journal=Journal of Ethology |volume=29 |pages=17–22 |doi=10.1007/s10164-010-0214-4 |s2cid=24531647 |url=http://www.zoo.sav.sk/prokop/articles/Prokop-Trnka-JEthol-2011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414203105/http://www.zoo.sav.sk/prokop/articles/Prokop-Trnka-JEthol-2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-14 }}</ref>
<ref name=Prokop2011>{{cite journal |title=Why do grebes cover their nests? Laboratory and field tests of two alternative hypotheses |last1=Prokop |first1=Pavel |first2=Alfréd |last2=Trnka |year=2011 |journal=Journal of Ethology |volume=29 |pages=17–22 |doi=10.1007/s10164-010-0214-4 |s2cid=24531647 |url=http://www.zoo.sav.sk/prokop/articles/Prokop-Trnka-JEthol-2011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414203105/http://www.zoo.sav.sk/prokop/articles/Prokop-Trnka-JEthol-2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-14 }}</ref>
}}
}}


Latest revision as of 08:43, 4 October 2025

Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox

The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), also known as the dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek takhus "fast" and bapto "to sink under". The specific ruficollis is from Latin rufus "red" and Modern Latin -collis, "-necked", itself derived from Latin collum "neck".[1]

At Template:Convert in length it is the smallest European member of its family. It is commonly found in open bodies of water across most of its range.

Taxonomy

The little grebe was described by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name Colymbus ruficollis.[2][3][4] The tricolored grebe was formerly considered conspecific, with some taxonomic authorities still considering it so.

Subspecies

Seven subspecies are currently accepted, four widespread, and three with restricted ranges; they are separated principally by size, eye colour, which varies from dark to light from west to east, and extent of white on the secondary feathers of the wing, which varies from none in temperate northern regions, to extensive white in tropical regions.[5][6][7]

Summer Winter Scientific name Distribution Notes
File:Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Parc de Woluwé, Brussels (14748388013).jpg
Brussels, Belgium		 File:Grèbe castagneux Lac de Tunis.jpg
Lac de Tunis, Tunisia		 T. r. ruficollis Pallas, 1764 nominate, Europe to western Asia, south to northern Africa; northeast European birds migratory, others resident. Eye dark brown; secondaries with no or minimal white.
File:Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Breeding by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN6305 (6).jpg
Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India		 File:Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Coimbatore DSCN2958.jpg
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India		 T. r. albescens (Blanford, 1877) Southern and central Asia from Turkmenistan to southern Kazakhstan, south to Sri Lanka, and east through Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh to Myanmar; central Asian birds migratory, south Asian birds resident. Eye orange to yellow; bill short; secondaries with extensive white.
File:Tachybaptus ruficollis iraquensis, Al Jahra Governorate, Kuwait 1.jpg
Al Jahra, Kuwait		 File:Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 120.jpg
Kuwait		 T. r. iraquensis (Ticehurst, 1923) Tigris–Euphrates river system in southeastern Iraq, southwestern Iran, and Kuwait; resident. Eye dark brown; bill short; secondaries with extensive white.
File:Little Grebe (or Dabchick), Tachbaptus ruficollis, at Marievale Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa - breeding plumage (21384311706).jpg
Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa		 File:Tachybaptus ruficollis at Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa - non-breeding plumage (21222514200).jpg
Marievale, Gauteng, South Africa		 T. r. capensis (Salvadori, 1884) Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Comoros. Eye reddish brown; secondaries with extensive white.
File:Little grebe in Sakai, Osaka, February 2016.jpg
Sakai, Osaka, Japan		 File:Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei (winter plumage) s2.jpg
Kihoku, Mie Prefecture, Japan		 T. r. poggei (Reichenow, 1902) Eastern Asia, in China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and the south Kuril Islands. Eye pale yellow to white; bill long; secondaries with no or minimal white.
T. r. philippensis (Bonnaterre, 1790) Northern Philippines (Luzon and nearby islands), Borneo. Eye pale yellow to white; bill long; secondaries with white.
T. r. cotabato (Rand, 1948) Southern Philippines (Mindanao). Eye pale yellow to white; bill long; secondaries with white.

Description

The little grebe is a small water bird with a pointed bill. The adult is unmistakable in summer, predominantly dark above with its rich, rufous colour neck, cheeks and flanks, and bright yellow gape. The rufous is replaced by a dirty brownish grey in non-breeding and juvenile birds.

Juvenile birds have a yellow bill with a small black tip, and black and white streaks on the cheeks and sides of the neck as seen below. This yellow bill darkens as the juveniles age, eventually turning black in adulthood.

In winter, its size, buff plumage, with a darker back and cap, and "powder puff" rear end enable easy identification of this species. The little grebe's breeding call, given singly or in duet, is a trilled repeated weet-weet-weet or wee-wee-wee which sounds like a horse whinnying.

Distribution

This bird breeds in small colonies in heavily vegetated areas of freshwater lakes across Europe, much of Asia down to New Guinea, and most of Africa. Most birds move to more open or coastal waters in winter, but it is only migratory in those parts of its range where the waters freeze. Outside of breeding season, it moves into more open water, occasionally even appearing on the coast in small bays.[8]

Behaviour

The little grebe is an excellent swimmer and diver and pursues its fish and aquatic invertebrate prey underwater. It uses the vegetation skilfully as a hiding place.

Like all grebes, it nests at the water's edge, since its legs are set very far back and it cannot walk well. Usually four to seven eggs are laid. When the adult bird leaves the nest it usually takes care to cover the eggs with weeds. This makes it less likely to be detected by predators.[9] The young leave the nest and can swim soon after hatching, and chicks are often carried on the backs of the swimming adults.[10] In India, the species breeds during the rainy season.[11]

Gallery

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Sister project

Template:Grebes Template:Portalbar

Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Includes a transcript of the 1764 text.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ogilvie2003
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IOC
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IUCN
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Prokop2011
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Finn1905
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dalgliesh1906
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