Mark 84 bomb: Difference between revisions
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=== Deployment in wars === | === Deployment in wars === | ||
[[File:Mk 84 bomb explosion Vietnam c1972.jpg|thumb|MK 84 exploding in [[North Vietnam]], 1972]] | [[File:Mk 84 bomb explosion Vietnam c1972.jpg|thumb|MK 84 exploding in [[North Vietnam]], 1972]] | ||
MK 84 were used by U.S. forces in the [[Vietnam War]], [[ | MK 84 were used by U.S. forces in the [[Vietnam War]], [[Gulf War]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motoart.com/studio/airplane-history/aircraft-history-of-the-mk-84-bomb|title=Aircraft History of the MK-84 Bomb|work=MotoArt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302002326/https://www.motoart.com/studio/airplane-history/aircraft-history-of-the-mk-84-bomb|archive-date=2 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref> [[Iraq War]], [[War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)|Afghanistan War]], and the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia|bombing of Yugoslavia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/hronika/u-toku-zavrsne-pripreme-za-uklanjanje-bombe-sa-gradilista-u-nisu/swh82m3 |title=U toku završne pripreme za uklanjanje bombe sa gradilišta u Nišu |last= Janačković|first=Branko |language=sr |trans-title=In the course of final preparations for removing the bomb from the construction site in Niš |website=Blic |date=20 April 2024 |access-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422234831/https://www.blic.rs/vesti/hronika/u-toku-zavrsne-pripreme-za-uklanjanje-bombe-sa-gradilista-u-nisu/swh82m3 |archive-date=2024-04-22 |url-status=live}}</ref> and by Israel in the [[2014 Gaza War]] and the ongoing [[Gaza war]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-gaza-faulty-indiscriminate-lethal-vietnam-era-bombs |title=Faulty, indiscriminate, lethal: Israel opts for Vietnam-era bombs in Gaza |date=17 August 2021 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=www.middleeasteye.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=Press Release: New study shows Israel air-dropped 2000lb bombs within lethal and damage ranges of hospitals in Gaza |url=https://fxb.harvard.edu/2024/10/10/new-study-shows-israel-air-dropped-2000lb-bombs-within-lethal-and-damage-ranges-of-hospitals-in-gaza/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=FXB Center for Health & Human Rights {{!}} Harvard University |language=en-us}}</ref> | ||
According to a forensic investigation by [[Human Rights Watch]], MK 84 bombs were also in the [[Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/04/08/yemen-us-bombs-used-deadliest-market-strike |title=Yemen: US Bombs Used in Deadliest Market Strike |date=7 April 2016 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=www.hrw.org |quote=Human Rights Watch conducted on-site investigations on March 28, and found remnants at the market of a GBU-31 satellite-guided bomb, which consists of a US-supplied MK-84 2,000-pound bomb mated with a JDAM satellite guidance kit, ...}}</ref> | According to a forensic investigation by [[Human Rights Watch]], MK 84 bombs were also in the [[Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/04/08/yemen-us-bombs-used-deadliest-market-strike |title=Yemen: US Bombs Used in Deadliest Market Strike |date=7 April 2016 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=www.hrw.org |quote=Human Rights Watch conducted on-site investigations on March 28, and found remnants at the market of a GBU-31 satellite-guided bomb, which consists of a US-supplied MK-84 2,000-pound bomb mated with a JDAM satellite guidance kit, ...}}</ref> | ||
In 2023 and 2024, the United States transferred over 14,000 Mark 84 bombs to Israel. They have been used extensively in the Gaza Strip during the [[Gaza war]]. At least one of the bombs was used in the [[13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack]] that killed the top commander of [[Hamas]]' military wing, [[Mohammed Deif]], and Hamas' [[Khan Yunis]] Military Division Chief [[Rafa Salama]] and 90+ | In 2023 and 2024, the United States transferred over 14,000 Mark 84 bombs to Israel. They have been used extensively in the Gaza Strip during the [[Gaza war]]. At least one of the bombs was used in the [[13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack]] that killed the top commander of [[Hamas]]' military wing, [[Mohammed Deif]], and Hamas' [[Khan Yunis]] Military Division Chief [[Rafa Salama]] and 90+ civilians and injured over 300.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-has-signed-off-more-bombs-warplanes-israel-washington-post-reports-2024-03-29/ |title=US has agreed to send more bombs and warplanes to Israel, sources say |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=www.reuters.com |quote=The new arms packages include more than 1,800 MK84 2,000-pound bombs and 500 MK82 500-pound bombs, said the sources, who confirmed a report in the Washington Post.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/100000009208814/israel-gaza-bomb-civilians.html |title=Visual Evidence Shows Israel Dropped 2,000-Pound Bombs Where It Ordered Gaza's Civilians to Move for Safety |date=21 December 2023 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=www.nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=US has sent Israel thousands of 2,000-pound bombs since Oct. 7 |first= |last= |date=30 June 2024 |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/us-has-sent-israel-thousands-2000-pound-bombs-since-oct-7-2024-06-28/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref> | ||
According to the US Senator [[Mark Kelly]], Israel used a bomb of this type in the [[2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike|assassination]] of [[Hassan Nasrallah]], leader of [[Hezbollah]], in [[Lebanon]] on September 27, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1429197/nasrallah-assassination-us-senator-confirms-use-of-american-made-900-kilo-bombs.html |title=Nasrallah Assassination: US senator confirms use of American-made 900 kilo bombs |date=30 September 2024 |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=www.today.lorientlejour.com}}</ref> | According to the US Senator [[Mark Kelly]], Israel used a bomb of this type in the [[2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike|assassination]] of [[Hassan Nasrallah]], leader of [[Hezbollah]], in [[Lebanon]] on September 27, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1429197/nasrallah-assassination-us-senator-confirms-use-of-american-made-900-kilo-bombs.html |title=Nasrallah Assassination: US senator confirms use of American-made 900 kilo bombs |date=30 September 2024 |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=www.today.lorientlejour.com}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:13, 15 September 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Mark 84 or BLU-117[1] is a Script error: No such module "convert". American general purpose aircraft bomb. It is the largest of the Mark 80 series of weapons. Entering service during the Vietnam War, it became a commonly used US heavy unguided bomb. At the time, it was the third largest bomb by weight in the US inventory behind the Script error: No such module "convert". BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" and the Script error: No such module "convert". M118 "demolition" bomb. It is currently sixth in size due to the addition of the Script error: No such module "convert". GBU-28 in 1991, the Script error: No such module "convert". GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb (MOAB) in 2003, and the Script error: No such module "convert". GBU-57A/B Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP).
Development and use
The Mark 84 has a nominal weight of Script error: No such module "convert"., but its actual weight varies depending on its fin, fuze options, and retardation configuration, from Script error: No such module "convert".. It is a streamlined steel casing filled with Script error: No such module "convert". of tritonal high explosive.[2]
The Mark 84 can form a crater Script error: No such module "convert". wide and Script error: No such module "convert". deep. It can penetrate up to Script error: No such module "convert". of metal or Script error: No such module "convert". of concrete, depending on the height from which it is dropped, and causes lethal fragmentation to a radius of Script error: No such module "convert"..[3]
Many Mark 84s have been retrofitted with stabilizing and retarding devices to provide precision guidance capabilities. They serve as the warhead of a variety of precision-guided munitions,[4] including the GBU-10/GBU-24/GBU-27 Paveway laser-guided bombs, GBU-15 electro-optical bomb, GBU-31 JDAM and Quickstrike sea mines.[5] The HGK is a Turkish guidance kit used to convert 2000-lb Mark 84 bombs into GPS/INS guided smart bombs.[6]
According to a test report conducted by the United States Navy's Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board (WSESRB) established in the wake of the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, the cooking off time for a Mk 84 is about 8 minutes 40 seconds.
Deployment in wars
MK 84 were used by U.S. forces in the Vietnam War, Gulf War,[7] Iraq War, Afghanistan War, and the bombing of Yugoslavia,[8] and by Israel in the 2014 Gaza War and the ongoing Gaza war.[9][10]
According to a forensic investigation by Human Rights Watch, MK 84 bombs were also in the Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war.[11]
In 2023 and 2024, the United States transferred over 14,000 Mark 84 bombs to Israel. They have been used extensively in the Gaza Strip during the Gaza war. At least one of the bombs was used in the 13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack that killed the top commander of Hamas' military wing, Mohammed Deif, and Hamas' Khan Yunis Military Division Chief Rafa Salama and 90+ civilians and injured over 300.[12][13][14]
According to the US Senator Mark Kelly, Israel used a bomb of this type in the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah, leader of Hezbollah, in Lebanon on September 27, 2024.[15]
See also
References
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External links
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- Mk65 Quick Strike Mine, GlobalSecurity.org
- MK84, GlobalSecurity.org
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