Snipe: Difference between revisions
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* ''[[Gallinago]]'' | * ''[[Gallinago]]'' | ||
* ''[[Coenocorypha]]'' | * ''[[Coenocorypha]]'' | ||
| includes_ref = | | includes_ref = <ref name="Černý">{{cite journal | last1=Černý | first1=David | last2=Natale | first2=Rossy | title=Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=177 | date=2022 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620 | doi-access=free | article-number=107620 | url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/07/16/2021.07.15.452585.full.pdf | access-date=2025-10-02}}</ref> | ||
| excludes = | | excludes = | ||
* ''[[Scolopax]]'' | * ''[[Scolopax]]'' | ||
| excludes_ref = <ref name="Černý"/> | |||
| excludes_ref = | |||
}} | }} | ||
A '''snipe''' is any of about 26 [[wading bird]] species in three [[genus|genera]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Scolopacidae]]. They are | A '''snipe''' is any of about 26 [[wading bird]] species in three [[genus|genera]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Scolopacidae]]. They are distinguished by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and [[crypsis|cryptic]]/[[camouflaging]] [[plumage]]. The snipes in the genus ''[[Gallinago]]'' have a nearly worldwide distribution, the genus ''[[jack snipe|Lymnocryptes]]'' is restricted to [[Asia]] and [[Europe]], and the snipes in the genus ''[[Coenocorypha]]'' are now found only in the [[New Zealand Outlying Islands|outlying islands of New Zealand]]. The genus ''Lymnocryptes'' is more closely related to [[woodcock]]s (''Scolopax'') than it is to other snipes; with woodcocks included, the four genera form a [[monophyly|monophyletic]] group within the wider family Scolopacidae.<ref name="Černý"/> The three species of [[painted-snipe]] are not closely related to the typical snipes, and are placed in their own family, the [[Rostratulidae]]. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
Snipe search for [[invertebrate]]s in the mud with a "[[sewing machine|sewing-machine]]" action of their long bills. The sensitivity of the bill is caused by filaments belonging to the fifth pair of nerves, which run almost to the tip and open immediately under the soft cuticle in a series of cells; a similar adaptation is found in [[sandpiper]]s; this adaptation gives this portion of the surface of the [[premaxillary|premaxillaries]] a honeycomb-like appearance | Snipe search for [[invertebrate]]s in the mud with a "[[sewing machine|sewing-machine]]" action of their long bills. The sensitivity of the bill is caused by filaments belonging to the fifth pair of nerves, which run almost to the tip and open immediately under the soft cuticle in a series of cells; a similar adaptation is found in [[sandpiper]]s; this adaptation gives this portion of the surface of the [[premaxillary|premaxillaries]] a honeycomb-like appearance; with these filaments the bird can sense its food in the mud without seeing it.<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Snipe|last=Newton|first=Alfred|author-link=Alfred Newton}}</ref> | ||
==Diet== | ==Diet== | ||
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==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Snipe can be found in various types of wet marshy settings including [[bogs]], [[swamps]], [[wet meadows]], and along [[river]]s, coast lines, and [[ponds]]. Snipe settle in both areas with dense vegetation, and also marshy areas with patchy cover to hide from predators.<ref name="aab" /> | |||
Snipe can be found in various types of wet marshy settings including [[bogs]], [[swamps]], [[wet meadows]], and along [[river]]s, coast lines, and [[ponds]]. Snipe | |||
==Hunting== | ==Hunting== | ||
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Camouflage may enable snipe to remain undetected by hunters in [[marsh|marshland]]. The bird is also highly alert and startled easily, rarely staying long in the open. If the snipe flies, hunters have difficulty wing-shooting due to the bird's erratic flight pattern. | Camouflage may enable snipe to remain undetected by hunters in [[marsh|marshland]]. The bird is also highly alert and startled easily, rarely staying long in the open. If the snipe flies, hunters have difficulty wing-shooting due to the bird's erratic flight pattern. | ||
The difficulties involved around hunting snipe gave rise to the military term ''[[sniper]]'', which originally meant an expert hunter highly skilled in [[marksmanship]] and [[camouflaging]], but later evolved to mean a [[sharpshooter]] or a shooter who makes distant shots from concealment.<ref>{{cite web |url= | The difficulties involved around hunting snipe gave rise to the military term ''[[sniper]]'', which originally meant an expert hunter highly skilled in [[marksmanship]] and [[camouflaging]], but later evolved to mean a [[sharpshooter]] or a shooter who makes distant shots from concealment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sniper |title=sniper (n.) |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="Metaphors">{{cite book | last = Palmatier | first = Robert Allen | title = Speaking of Animals: A Dictionary of Animal Metaphors | date = 1995 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing | location = Westport, Connecticut | page = 357 | isbn = 0-313-29490-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSr4fO2zYrIC&pg=PA357}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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{{Wikisource1911Enc|Snipe}} | {{Wikisource1911Enc|Snipe}} | ||
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/sandpipers-snipes-phalaropes-scolopacidae Snipe videos] on the Internet Bird Collection | * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/sandpipers-snipes-phalaropes-scolopacidae Snipe videos] on the Internet Bird Collection | ||
* [ | * [https://www.fssbirding.org.uk/snipesonogram.htm Snipe sonogram] at fssbirding.org.uk | ||
[[Category:Sandpipers]] | [[Category:Sandpipers]] | ||
[[Category:Bird common names]] | [[Category:Bird common names]] | ||
[[Category:Paraphyletic groups]] | [[Category:Paraphyletic groups]] | ||
Revision as of 08:14, 9 November 2025
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A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are distinguished by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/camouflaging plumage. The snipes in the genus Gallinago have a nearly worldwide distribution, the genus Lymnocryptes is restricted to Asia and Europe, and the snipes in the genus Coenocorypha are now found only in the outlying islands of New Zealand. The genus Lymnocryptes is more closely related to woodcocks (Scolopax) than it is to other snipes; with woodcocks included, the four genera form a monophyletic group within the wider family Scolopacidae.[1] The three species of painted-snipe are not closely related to the typical snipes, and are placed in their own family, the Rostratulidae.
Behaviour
Snipe search for invertebrates in the mud with a "sewing-machine" action of their long bills. The sensitivity of the bill is caused by filaments belonging to the fifth pair of nerves, which run almost to the tip and open immediately under the soft cuticle in a series of cells; a similar adaptation is found in sandpipers; this adaptation gives this portion of the surface of the premaxillaries a honeycomb-like appearance; with these filaments the bird can sense its food in the mud without seeing it.[2]
Diet
Snipe feed mainly on insect larva. Other invertebrate prey include snails, crustaceans, and worms. The snipe's bill allows the very tip to remain closed while the snipe slurps up invertebrates.[3]
Habitat
Snipe can be found in various types of wet marshy settings including bogs, swamps, wet meadows, and along rivers, coast lines, and ponds. Snipe settle in both areas with dense vegetation, and also marshy areas with patchy cover to hide from predators.[3]
Hunting
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Camouflage may enable snipe to remain undetected by hunters in marshland. The bird is also highly alert and startled easily, rarely staying long in the open. If the snipe flies, hunters have difficulty wing-shooting due to the bird's erratic flight pattern.
The difficulties involved around hunting snipe gave rise to the military term sniper, which originally meant an expert hunter highly skilled in marksmanship and camouflaging, but later evolved to mean a sharpshooter or a shooter who makes distant shots from concealment.[4][5]
See also
Footnotes
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External links
Template:Sister project Template:Wikisource1911Enc
- Snipe videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Snipe sonogram at fssbirding.org.uk