Leonid Kantorovich: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
imported>Hike395
combine infoboxes
 
imported>3602kiva
 
Line 4: Line 4:
| native_name      = {{nobold|Леонид Канторович}}
| native_name      = {{nobold|Леонид Канторович}}
| image            = Leonid Kantorovich 1975.jpg
| image            = Leonid Kantorovich 1975.jpg
| image_size        =  
| image_size        =
| caption          = Kantorovich in 1975
| caption          = Kantorovich in 1975
| birth_name        = Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich
| birth_name        = Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich
Line 11: Line 11:
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|df=y|1986|4|7|1912|1|19}}
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|df=y|1986|4|7|1912|1|19}}
| death_place      = [[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union
| death_place      = [[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union
| resting_place    = [[Novodevichy Cemetery]], [[Moscow]]
| resting_place    = [[Novodevichy Cemetery]], Moscow
| nationality      = [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]
| nationality      =  
| ethnicity        =  
| ethnicity        =
| field            = [[Mathematics]]
| field            = [[Mathematics]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Grigorii Mikhailovich Fichtenholz|Grigorii Fichtenholz]] <br />[[Vladimir Smirnov (mathematician)|Vladimir Smirnov]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Grigorii Mikhailovich Fichtenholz|Grigorii Fichtenholz]] <br />[[Vladimir Smirnov (mathematician)|Vladimir Smirnov]]
Line 19: Line 19:
| workplaces        = [[USSR Academy of Sciences]]<br />[[Leningrad State University]]
| workplaces        = [[USSR Academy of Sciences]]<br />[[Leningrad State University]]
| alma_mater        = [[Leningrad State University]]
| alma_mater        = [[Leningrad State University]]
| known_for        = [[Cutting stock problem]]<br/>[[Linear programming]]<br />[[Kantorovich inequality]]<br />[[Hutchinson metric|Kantorovich metric]]<br/>[[Kantorovich theorem]]<br/>[[Wasserstein metric|Kantorovich–Rubinstein metric]]<br/>[[Transportation theory (mathematics)|Monge–Kantorovich transportation problem]]<br/>[[Szász–Mirakjan–Kantorovich operator]]
| known_for        = [[Cutting stock problem]]<br />[[Linear programming]]<br />[[Kantorovich inequality]]<br />[[Hutchinson metric|Kantorovich metric]]<br />[[Kantorovich theorem]]<br />[[Wasserstein metric|Kantorovich–Rubinstein metric]]<br />[[Transportation theory (mathematics)|Monge–Kantorovich transportation problem]]<br />[[Szász–Mirakjan–Kantorovich operator]]
| awards            = {{no wrap|[[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (1975)}}<br>[[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] (1949)
| awards            = [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (1975)<br />[[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] (1949)
| repec_prefix = e
| repec_id = pka32
}}
}}
'''Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich''' ({{langx|ru|Леонид Витальевич Канторович}}, {{IPA|ru|lʲɪɐˈnʲit vʲɪˈtalʲjɪvʲɪtɕ kəntɐˈrovʲɪtɕ|IPA|Ru-Leonid_Vitaliyevich_Kantorovich.ogg}}; 19 January 1912{{spaced ndash}}7 April 1986) was a Soviet [[mathematician]] and [[economist]], known for his theory and development of techniques for the optimal allocation of resources. He is regarded as the founder of [[linear programming]]. He was the winner of the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1949 and the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] in 1975.
'''Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich''' ({{langx|ru|Леонид Витальевич Канторович}}, {{IPA|ru|lʲɪɐˈnʲit vʲɪˈtalʲjɪvʲɪtɕ kəntɐˈrovʲɪtɕ|IPA|Ru-Leonid_Vitaliyevich_Kantorovich.ogg}}; 19 January 1912{{spaced ndash}}7 April 1986) was a Soviet [[mathematician]] and [[economist]], known for his theory and development of techniques for the optimal allocation of resources. He is regarded as the founder of [[linear programming]]. He was the winner of the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1949 and the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] in 1975.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Kantorovich was born on 19 January 1912, to a [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jewish]] family.<ref>''The Soviet Union: empire, nation, and system'', By Aron Kat︠s︡enelinboĭgen, page 406, Transaction Publishers, 1990</ref> His father was a doctor practicing in [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Gass | first1 = Saul I. | last2 = Rosenhead | first2 = J. | chapter = Leonid Vital'evich Kantorovich | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2_10 | title = Profiles in Operations Research | series = International Series in Operations Research & Management Science | volume = 147 | pages = 157–170 | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1-4419-6280-5 }}</ref> In 1926, at the age of fourteen, he began his studies at [[Saint Petersburg State University|Leningrad State University]]. He graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics in 1930, and began his graduate studies. In 1934, at the age of 22 years, he became a full professor. In 1935 he received his [[doctoral degree]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/kantorovich/biographical/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
Kantorovich was born on 19 January 1912, to a [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jewish]] family.<ref>''The Soviet Union: empire, nation, and system'', By Aron Kat︠s︡enelinboĭgen, p. 406, Transaction Publishers, 1990</ref> His father was a doctor practicing in [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Gass | first1 = Saul I. | last2 = Rosenhead | first2 = J. | chapter = Leonid Vital'evich Kantorovich | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2_10 | title = Profiles in Operations Research | series = International Series in Operations Research & Management Science | volume = 147 | pages = 157–170 | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1441962805 }}</ref> In 1926, at the age of fourteen, he began his studies at [[Saint Petersburg State University|Leningrad State University]]. He graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics in 1930, and began his graduate studies. In 1934, at the age of 22 years, he became a full professor. In 1935 he received his [[doctoral degree]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/kantorovich/biographical/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref>


Later, Kantorovich worked for the [[Government of the Soviet Union|Soviet government]]. He was given the task of [[Mathematical optimization|optimizing]] production in a [[plywood]] industry. He devised the mathematical technique now known as [[linear programming]] in 1939, some years before it was advanced by [[George Dantzig]]. He authored several books including ''The Mathematical Method of Production Planning and Organization'' (Russian original 1939), ''The Best Uses of Economic Resources'' (Russian original 1959), and, with Vladimir Ivanovich Krylov, ''Approximate methods of higher analysis'' (Russian original 1936).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''Approximate methods of higher analysis'' by L. V. Kantorovich and V. I. Krylov|author=Kaplan, W.|author-link=Wilfred Kaplan|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|volume=66|year=1960|pages=146–147|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1960-10408-9|issue=3|doi-access=free}}</ref> For his work, Kantorovich was awarded the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1949.
Later, Kantorovich worked for the [[Government of the Soviet Union|Soviet government]]. He was given the task of [[Mathematical optimization|optimizing]] production in a [[plywood]] industry. He devised the mathematical technique now known as [[linear programming]] in 1939, some years before it was advanced by [[George Dantzig]]. He authored several books including ''The Mathematical Method of Production Planning and Organization'' (Russian original 1939), ''The Best Uses of Economic Resources'' (Russian original 1959), and, with Vladimir Ivanovich Krylov, ''Approximate methods of higher analysis'' (Russian original 1936).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''Approximate methods of higher analysis'' by L.V. Kantorovich and V.I. Krylov|author=Kaplan, W.|author-link=Wilfred Kaplan|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|volume=66|year=1960|pages=146–147|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1960-10408-9|issue=3|doi-access=free}}</ref> For his work, Kantorovich was awarded the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1949.


After 1939, he became a professor at [[Military Engineering-Technical University]]. During the [[Siege of Leningrad]], Kantorovich was a professor at [[Military Engineering-Technical University|VITU of Navy]] and worked on safety of the [[Road of Life]]. He calculated the optimal distance between cars on ice in dependence of the thickness of ice and the temperature of the air. In December 1941 and January 1942, Kantorovich walked himself between cars driving on the ice of [[Lake Ladoga]] on the Road of Life to ensure that cars did not sink. However, many cars with food for survivors of the siege were destroyed by the [[Luftwaffe|German]] airstrikes. For his feat and courage Kantorovich was awarded the [[Order of the Patriotic War]], and was decorated with the medal ''For Defense of Leningrad''.  
After 1939, he became a professor at [[Military Engineering-Technical University]]. During the [[Siege of Leningrad]], Kantorovich was a professor at [[Military Engineering-Technical University|VITU of Navy]] and worked on safety of the [[Road of Life]]. He calculated the optimal distance between cars on ice in dependence of the thickness of ice and the temperature of the air. In December 1941 and January 1942, Kantorovich walked himself between cars driving on the ice of [[Lake Ladoga]] on the Road of Life to ensure that cars did not sink. However, many cars with food for survivors of the siege were destroyed by the [[Luftwaffe|German]] airstrikes. For his feat and courage Kantorovich was awarded the [[Order of the Patriotic War]], and was decorated with the medal ''For Defense of Leningrad''.


In 1948 Kantorovich was assigned to the atomic project of the USSR.
In 1948 Kantorovich was assigned to the atomic project of the USSR.
Line 67: Line 65:
* {{cite journal | last1 = Kantorovich | first1 = L.V. | year = 1939 | title = Mathematical Methods of Organizing and Planning Production | journal = Management Science | volume = 6 | issue = 4| pages = 366–422 | jstor=2627082| doi = 10.1287/mnsc.6.4.366 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Kantorovich | first1 = L.V. | year = 1939 | title = Mathematical Methods of Organizing and Planning Production | journal = Management Science | volume = 6 | issue = 4| pages = 366–422 | jstor=2627082| doi = 10.1287/mnsc.6.4.366 }}
* Kantorovich, L.V. (1959). ''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h8VXbMkPRWehB7khZr2lnATdOCPle03I/view "The Best Use of Economic Resources"]''({{link icon|pdf}}). [[Pergamon Press]], 1965.
* Kantorovich, L.V. (1959). ''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h8VXbMkPRWehB7khZr2lnATdOCPle03I/view "The Best Use of Economic Resources"]''({{link icon|pdf}}). [[Pergamon Press]], 1965.
* Klaus Hagendorf (2008). [http://eurodos.free.fr/docu/econ/Kantorovich1939.zip Spreadsheet presenting all examples of Kantorovich], 1939 with the [[OpenOffice.org]] Calc Solver as well as the lp_solver.
* Hagendorf, Klaus (2008). [http://eurodos.free.fr/docu/econ/Kantorovich1939.zip Spreadsheet presenting all examples of Kantorovich], 1939 with the [[OpenOffice.org]] Calc Solver as well as the lp_solver.


;Nobel prize lecture
;Nobel prize lecture
Line 74: Line 72:


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
* Ivan Boldyrev, [https://read.dukeupress.edu/hope/article/56/3/467/386155/The-Frame-for-the-Not-Yet-Existent-How-American  The Frame for the Not-Yet Existent: How American, European, and Soviet Scholars Jointly Shaped Modern Mathematical Economics], History of Political Economy (2024) 56 (3): 467–488.
* Boldyrev, Ivan,[https://read.dukeupress.edu/hope/article/56/3/467/386155/The-Frame-for-the-Not-Yet-Existent-How-American  The Frame for the Not-Yet Existent: How American, European, and Soviet Scholars Jointly Shaped Modern Mathematical Economics], History of Political Economy (2024) 56 (3): 467–488.
* Ivan Boldyrev, [https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.14315 Soviet Mathematics and Economic Theory in the Past Century: A Historical Reappraisal], Journal of Economic Literature, 2024.
* Boldyrev, Ivan, [https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.14315 Soviet Mathematics and Economic Theory in the Past Century: A Historical Reappraisal], Journal of Economic Literature, 2024.
* [[George Dantzig|Dantzig, George]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2j46uCX5ZAYC Linear programming and extensions]''. Princeton University Press and the RAND Corporation, 1963. Cf. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2j46uCX5ZAYC&q=kantorovich p.22] for the work of Kantorovich.
* [[George Dantzig|Dantzig, George]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2j46uCX5ZAYC Linear programming and extensions]''. Princeton University Press and the RAND Corporation, 1963. Cf. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2j46uCX5ZAYC&q=kantorovich p. 22] for the work of Kantorovich.
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Leonid Vitalievich Kantorovich (1912–1986) |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Kantorovich.html |encyclopedia=[[The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics]] |edition=2nd |series=[[Library of Economics and Liberty]] |publisher=[[Liberty Fund]] |year=2008|isbn=978-0865976665 |editor-first=David R.|editor-last=Henderson |editor-link=David R. Henderson |page=549 }}
* [[John R. Isbell|Isbell, J.R.]]; Marlow, W.H., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2627271 "On an Industrial Programming Problem of Kantorovich"], ''Management Science'', Vol. 8, No. 1 (Oct., 1961), pp.&nbsp;13–17
* [[John R. Isbell|Isbell, J.R.]]; Marlow, W.H., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2627271 "On an Industrial Programming Problem of Kantorovich"], ''Management Science'', Vol. 8, No. 1 (Oct., 1961), pp.&nbsp;13–17
* {{cite book|first=L.&nbsp;V|last=Kantorovich|author-link=<!-- Leonid V. Kantorovich -->|title="My journey in science (supposed report to the Moscow Mathematical Society)" [expanding ''Russian Math. Surveys''&nbsp;42 (1987), no.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;233–270]|pages=8–45|mr=898626 <!-- editor=Lev&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Leifman|title=Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vitalʹevich Kantorovich|publisher=The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=1990|isbn=0-19-505729-5 --> }}
* {{cite book|first=L.&nbsp;V|last=Kantorovich|author-link=<!-- Leonid V. Kantorovich -->|title="My journey in science (supposed report to the Moscow Mathematical Society)" [expanding ''Russian Math. Surveys''&nbsp;42 (1987), no.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;233–270]|pages=8–45|mr=898626 <!-- editor=Lev&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Leifman|title=Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vitalʹevich Kantorovich|publisher=The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=1990|isbn=0195057295 --> }}
* Koopmans, Tjalling C., [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1975/koopmans-lecture.pdf "Concepts of optimality and their uses"], Nobel Memorial Lecture, December 11, 1975
* Koopmans, Tjalling C., [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1975/koopmans-lecture.pdf "Concepts of optimality and their uses"], Nobel Memorial Lecture, December 11, 1975
* [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], [http://www.jams.or.jp/notice/Notices0701.pdf "The World Line of Kantorovich"], ''Notices of the ISMS'', International Society for Mathematical Sciences, Osaka, Japan, January 2007
* [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], [http://www.jams.or.jp/notice/Notices0701.pdf "The World Line of Kantorovich"], ''Notices of the ISMS'', International Society for Mathematical Sciences, Osaka, Japan, January 2007
Line 84: Line 83:
* [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], [http://www.math.nsc.ru/LBRT/g2/english/ssk/lvk100_e.html "Mathematics and Economics of Kantorovich"]
* [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], [http://www.math.nsc.ru/LBRT/g2/english/ssk/lvk100_e.html "Mathematics and Economics of Kantorovich"]
* [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], [http://www.math.nsc.ru/LBRT/g2/english/ssk/lvk110_e.html "My Kantorovich"]
* [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], [http://www.math.nsc.ru/LBRT/g2/english/ssk/lvk110_e.html "My Kantorovich"]
* {{cite book|first=Lev&nbsp;J.,&nbsp;ed.|last=Leifman|title=Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vitalʹevich Kantorovich|publisher=The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=1990|pages=xvi+341|isbn=0-19-505729-5|mr=1082562}}
* {{cite book|first=Lev&nbsp;J.,&nbsp;ed.|last=Leifman|title=Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vitalʹevich Kantorovich|publisher=The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=1990|pages=xvi+341|isbn=0195057295|mr=1082562}}
* {{cite book|first1=V.&nbsp;L. [Valery Leonidovich]|last1=Makarov|first2=S.&nbsp;L.|last2=Sobolev|chapter=Academician L.&nbsp;V. Kantorovich (19 January&nbsp;1912 to&nbsp;7 April&nbsp;1986)|title=''In:'' Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vital'evich Kantorovich <!-- |editor=Lev&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Leifman|title=Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vitalʹevich Kantorovich|publisher=The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=1990|isbn=0-19-505729-5 -->|pages=1–7|mr=1082564}}
* {{cite book|first1=V.L. [Valery Leonidovich]|last1=Makarov|first2=S.&nbsp;L.|last2=Sobolev|chapter=Academician L.V. Kantorovich (19 January&nbsp;1912 to&nbsp;7 April&nbsp;1986)|title=''In:'' Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vital'evich Kantorovich <!-- |editor=Lev&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Leifman|title=Functional analysis, optimization, and mathematical economics: A collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Leonid Vitalʹevich Kantorovich|publisher=The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=1990|isbn=0195057295 -->|pages=1–7|mr=1082564}}
* {{cite journal|last=Polyak|first=B.&nbsp;T.|author-link=Boris T. Polyak |title=History of mathematical programming in the USSR: Analyzing the phenomenon (Chapter&nbsp;3 The pioneer: L.&nbsp;V.&nbsp;Kantorovich, 1912–1986, pp.&nbsp;405–407)|journal=Mathematical Programming |series=Series&nbsp;'''B'''|volume=91|year=2002|number=3|pages=401–416|doi=10.1007/s101070100258|mr=1888984|s2cid=13089965 }}
* {{cite journal|last=Polyak|first=B.T.|author-link=Boris T. Polyak |title=History of mathematical programming in the USSR: Analyzing the phenomenon (Chapter&nbsp;3 The pioneer: L.&nbsp;V.&nbsp;Kantorovich, 1912–1986, pp.&nbsp;405–407)|journal=Mathematical Programming |series=Series&nbsp;'''B'''|volume=91|year=2002|number=3|pages=401–416|doi=10.1007/s101070100258|mr=1888984|s2cid=13089965 }}
* Ivan Boldyrev and Till Düppe, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/article/programming-the-ussr-leonid-v-kantorovich-in-context/4BF0F0D89079DD94AF595EA25A991299 Programming the USSR: Leonid V. Kantorovich in context], The British Journal for the History of Science. 2020. 53(2): 255-278.
* Boldyrev, Ivan and Düppe, Till [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/article/programming-the-ussr-leonid-v-kantorovich-in-context/4BF0F0D89079DD94AF595EA25A991299 Programming the USSR: Leonid V. Kantorovich in context], The British Journal for the History of Science. 2020. 53(2): 255–78.
* {{cite book|first=Francis|last=Spufford|title=Red plenty|publisher=Faber|location=London|year=2010}}
* {{cite book|first=Francis|last=Spufford|title=Red plenty|publisher=Faber|location=London|year=2010}}
* {{in lang|ru}} [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], et al., [http://math.nsc.ru/LBRT/u2/nauka/kant.html "Leonid V. Kantorovich (1912–1986)"], Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Also published in the ''Siberian Mathematical Journal'', Volume 43 (2002), No. 1, pp.&nbsp;3–8
* {{in lang|ru}} [[S. S. Kutateladze|Kutateladze, S.S.]], et al., [http://math.nsc.ru/LBRT/u2/nauka/kant.html "Leonid V. Kantorovich (1912–1986)"], Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Also published in the ''Siberian Mathematical Journal'', Volume 43 (2002), No. 1, pp.&nbsp;3–8
Line 98: Line 97:
* [https://ideas.repec.org/e/pka32.html Information about: Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich] – IDEAS/RePEc
* [https://ideas.repec.org/e/pka32.html Information about: Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich] – IDEAS/RePEc
* [https://www.informs.org/About-INFORMS/History-and-Traditions/Biographical-Profiles/Kantorovich-Leonid-V Biography Leonid Kantorovich] from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
* [https://www.informs.org/About-INFORMS/History-and-Traditions/Biographical-Profiles/Kantorovich-Leonid-V Biography Leonid Kantorovich] from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
*[https://player.vgtrk.com/iframe/video/id/1620875/start_zoom/true/showZoomBtn/false/sid/kultura/?acc_video_id=episode_id/1457551/video_id/1575169/brand_id/21101 Biographical documentary about L.Kantorovich] by ''[[Rossiya K|Rossiya-Culture]]''
* [https://player.vgtrk.com/iframe/video/id/1620875/start_zoom/true/showZoomBtn/false/sid/kultura/?acc_video_id=episode_id/1457551/video_id/1575169/brand_id/21101 Biographical documentary about L.Kantorovich] by ''[[Rossiya K|Rossiya-Culture]]''
* {{Nobelprize}}
* {{Nobelprize}}


Line 145: Line 144:
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
[[Category:Russian scientists]]
[[Category:Russian scientists]]
[[Category:Jewish Nobel laureates]]

Latest revision as of 23:46, 10 September 2025

Template:Short description Template:Infobox economist Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".; 19 January 1912Template:Spaced ndash7 April 1986) was a Soviet mathematician and economist, known for his theory and development of techniques for the optimal allocation of resources. He is regarded as the founder of linear programming. He was the winner of the Stalin Prize in 1949 and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1975.

Biography

Kantorovich was born on 19 January 1912, to a Russian Jewish family.[1] His father was a doctor practicing in Saint Petersburg.[2] In 1926, at the age of fourteen, he began his studies at Leningrad State University. He graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics in 1930, and began his graduate studies. In 1934, at the age of 22 years, he became a full professor. In 1935 he received his doctoral degree.[3]

Later, Kantorovich worked for the Soviet government. He was given the task of optimizing production in a plywood industry. He devised the mathematical technique now known as linear programming in 1939, some years before it was advanced by George Dantzig. He authored several books including The Mathematical Method of Production Planning and Organization (Russian original 1939), The Best Uses of Economic Resources (Russian original 1959), and, with Vladimir Ivanovich Krylov, Approximate methods of higher analysis (Russian original 1936).[4] For his work, Kantorovich was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1949.

After 1939, he became a professor at Military Engineering-Technical University. During the Siege of Leningrad, Kantorovich was a professor at VITU of Navy and worked on safety of the Road of Life. He calculated the optimal distance between cars on ice in dependence of the thickness of ice and the temperature of the air. In December 1941 and January 1942, Kantorovich walked himself between cars driving on the ice of Lake Ladoga on the Road of Life to ensure that cars did not sink. However, many cars with food for survivors of the siege were destroyed by the German airstrikes. For his feat and courage Kantorovich was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, and was decorated with the medal For Defense of Leningrad.

In 1948 Kantorovich was assigned to the atomic project of the USSR.

After 1960, Kantorovich lived and worked in Novosibirsk, where he created and took charge of the Department of Computational Mathematics in Novosibirsk State University.[5]

The Nobel Memorial Prize, which he shared with Tjalling Koopmans, was given "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources."

Mathematics

In mathematical analysis, Kantorovich had important results in functional analysis, approximation theory, and operator theory.

In particular, Kantorovich formulated some fundamental results in the theory of normed vector lattices, especially in Dedekind complete vector lattices called "K-spaces" which are now referred to as "Kantorovich spaces" in his honor.

Kantorovich showed that functional analysis could be used in the analysis of iterative methods, obtaining the Kantorovich inequalities on the convergence rate of the gradient method and of Newton's method (see the Kantorovich theorem).

Kantorovich considered infinite-dimensional optimization problems, such as the Kantorovich-Monge problem in transport theory. His analysis proposed the Kantorovich–Rubinstein metric, which is used in probability theory, in the theory of the weak convergence of probability measures.

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Nobel prize lecture

Further reading

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:S-achTemplate:S-endScript error: No such module "Navbox".Template:1975 Nobel Prize winnersTemplate:Authority control
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
1975
Served alongside: Tjalling C. KoopmansTemplate:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
  1. ↑ The Soviet Union: empire, nation, and system, By Aron Kat︠s︡enelinboĭgen, p. 406, Transaction Publishers, 1990
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Kantorovich`s biography in Russian
Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Leonid_Kantorovich&oldid=3446540"