Eurovision Song Contest 1978: Difference between revisions

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| director    = Bernard Lion
| director    = Bernard Lion
| scrutineer  = Frank Naef
| scrutineer  = Frank Naef
| organiser  = [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU)
| host        = {{lang|fr|[[TF1|Télévision Française 1]]|i=unset}} (TF1)
| host        = {{lang|fr|[[TF1|Télévision Française 1]]|i=unset}} (TF1)
| venue      = {{lang|fr|[[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]]|i=unset}}<br />Paris, France
| venue      = {{lang|fr|[[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]]|i=unset}}<br />Paris, France
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| vote        = Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 points to their 10 favourite songs
| vote        = Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 points to their 10 favourite songs
| entries    = 20
| entries    = 20
| debut      = None
| debut      =
| return      = {{unbulleted list|{{esc|Denmark}}|{{esc|Turkey}}}}
| return      = {{unbulleted list|{{esc|Denmark}}|{{esc|Turkey}}}}
| nonreturn  = None
| nonreturn  =
<!-- Map Legend Colours -->
<!-- Map Legend Colours -->
| Map NoSemis = Y
| Map NoSemis = Y
}}
}}


The '''Eurovision Song Contest 1978''' was the 23rd edition of the [[Eurovision Song Contest]]. It took place in [[Paris]], France, following the country's victory at the {{escyr|1977||1977 contest}} with the song "[[L'Oiseau et l'Enfant]]" by [[Marie Myriam]]. Organised by the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU) and host broadcaster {{lang|fr|[[TF1|Télévision Française 1]]|i=unset}} (TF1), the contest was held at the Grand Amphitheatre inside the {{lang|fr|[[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]]|i=unset}} on 22 April 1978 and was directed by {{Ill|Bernard Lion|fr}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release |last=Chaillet |first=Cathérine |agency=TF1 Service de presse |title=Concours Eurovision de la chanson |date=4 April 1978 |publisher=[[TF1]] |location=Paris, France |pages=1–4 |language=fr |oclc=965372158}}</ref> The contest was presented by French television presenters [[Denise Fabre]] and [[Léon Zitrone]]. This was the first time that more than one presenter had hosted the contest as well as the first to have a male presenter since {{escyr|1956|the first contest}}.
The '''Eurovision Song Contest 1978''' was the 23rd edition of the [[Eurovision Song Contest]], held on 22 April 1978 at the Grand Amphitheatre of the {{lang|fr|[[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]]|i=unset}} in [[Paris]], France, and presented by [[Denise Fabre]] and [[Léon Zitrone]]. It was organised by the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU) and host broadcaster {{lang|fr|[[TF1|Télévision Française 1]]|i=unset}} (TF1), who staged the event after winning the {{escyr|1977||1977 contest}} for {{esccnty|France|y=1977}} with the song "[[L'Oiseau et l'Enfant]]" by [[Marie Myriam]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release |last=Chaillet |first=Cathérine |agency=TF1 Service de presse |title=Concours Eurovision de la chanson |date=4 April 1978 |publisher=[[TF1]] |location=Paris, France |pages=1–4 |language=fr |oclc=965372158}}</ref> This was the first time that more than one presenter had hosted the contest as well as the first to have a male presenter since the {{escyr|1956|t=first contest}}.


Twenty countries participated, the highest number of competing countries in the history of the competition at the time. {{Esccnty|Denmark}} and {{Esccnty|Turkey}} both returned to the contest. Denmark had not participated since {{escyr|1966}}, 12 years before.
Broadcasters from twenty countries participated, the highest number of competing countries in the history of the competition at the time. {{Esccnty|Denmark}} and {{Esccnty|Turkey}} both returned to the contest. Denmark had not participated since {{escyr|1966}}, 12 years before.


The winner of the contest was {{Esccnty|Israel|y=1978}} with the song "[[A-Ba-Ni-Bi]]" by [[Izhar Cohen]] and the [[Alphabeta]]. The winning entry was a love song sung in the [[Israeli Hebrew|Hebrew]] equivalent of [[Ubbi dubbi]] (the title is an expansion of the Hebrew word {{Lang|he-lt|ani}}, meaning "I"). This was {{Esccnty|Israel}}'s first Eurovision win, and it was also the first winning song to be performed in one of the [[Semitic languages]]. Furthermore, it was also the only winning song to be conducted by a woman, [[Nurit Hirsh]]. {{Esccnty|Norway}} finished last for the fifth time, gaining the first ''nul points'' after the new voting system was implemented in {{escyr|1975}}.
The winner of the contest was {{Esccnty|Israel|y=1978}} with the song "[[A-Ba-Ni-Bi]]" by [[Izhar Cohen]] and the [[Alphabeta]]. The winning entry was a love song sung in the [[Israeli Hebrew|Hebrew]] equivalent of [[Ubbi dubbi]] (the title is an expansion of the Hebrew word {{Lang|he-lt|ani}}, meaning "I"). This was {{Esccnty|Israel}}'s first Eurovision win, and it was also the first winning song to be performed in one of the [[Semitic languages]]. Furthermore, it was also the only winning song to be conducted by a woman, [[Nurit Hirsh]]. {{Esccnty|Norway}} finished last for the fifth time, gaining the first ''nul points'' after the new voting system was implemented in {{escyr|1975}}.
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[[Denmark]] returned to the competition after having been absent for twelve years, while Turkey did so after missing out two years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eurovision.tv/event/paris-1978 |title=Paris 1978 |website=[[Eurovision.tv]]}}</ref> This meant that, for the first time, the contest had twenty entries competing.
[[Denmark]] returned to the competition after having been absent for twelve years, while Turkey did so after missing out two years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eurovision.tv/event/paris-1978 |title=Paris 1978 |website=[[Eurovision.tv]]}}</ref> This meant that, for the first time, the contest had twenty entries competing.


Several of the performing artists had previously competed as lead artists representing the same country in past editions: [[Jean Vallée]] had represented {{esccnty|Belgium|y=1970|t=Belgium in 1970}}; and Norbert Niedermeyer as part of [[Springtime (band)|Springtime]] had represented {{esccnty|Austria|y=1972|t=Austria in 1972}} as part of [[Milestones (Austrian band)|Milestones]]. In addition, [[Ireen Sheer]] representing Germany, had represented {{esccnty|Luxembourg|y=1974|t=Luxembourg in 1974}}.
Several of the performing artists had previously competed as lead artists representing the same country in past editions: [[Jean Vallée]] had represented {{esccnty|Belgium|y=1970|t=Belgium in 1970}}; and Norbert Niedermeyer as part of {{ill|Springtime (band)|de|Springtime (österreichische Band)|es|Springtime (banda)|fr|Springtime (groupe)|lt=Springtime}} had represented {{esccnty|Austria|y=1972|t=Austria in 1972}} as part of [[Milestones (Austrian band)|Milestones]]. In addition, [[Ireen Sheer]] representing Germany, had represented {{esccnty|Luxembourg|y=1974|t=Luxembourg in 1974}}.


{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="clear:left"
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="clear:left"
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! scope="row" | {{Esc|Austria}}
! scope="row" | {{Esc|Austria}}
| [[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]]
| [[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]]
| [[Springtime (band)|Springtime]]
| {{ill|Springtime (band)|de|Springtime (österreichische Band)|es|Springtime (banda)|fr|Springtime (groupe)|lt=Springtime}}
| "Mrs. Caroline Robinson"
| "Mrs. Caroline Robinson"
| German
| German
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| "{{lang|es|Bailemos un vals|i=unset}}"
| "{{lang|es|Bailemos un vals|i=unset}}"
| Spanish
| Spanish
| {{hlist|{{ill|Ramón Arcusa|es}}|{{ill|Manuel de la Calva|es}}}}
| {{hlist|{{ill|Ramón Arcusa|es}}|[[Manuel de la Calva]]}}
| Ramón Arcusa
| Ramón Arcusa
|-
|-
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! scope="col" | Artist
! scope="col" | Artist
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Points
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Points
! scope="col" | Place
! scope="col" | Place
|-
|-
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Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Rules of the Contest |date=31 October 2018 |url=https://eurovision.tv/about/rules |publisher=European Broadcasting Union |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004011300/https://eurovision.tv/about/rules |archive-date=4 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> TF1 provided 29 commentary boxes in the auditorium for foreign broadcasters.<ref name="Didi1978" />
Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Rules of the Contest |date=31 October 2018 |url=https://eurovision.tv/about/rules |publisher=European Broadcasting Union |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004011300/https://eurovision.tv/about/rules |archive-date=4 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> TF1 provided 29 commentary boxes in the auditorium for foreign broadcasters.<ref name="Didi1978" />


In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in 17 other countries, including Algeria, Iceland, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Yugoslavia; in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and the Soviet Union via [[International Radio and Television Organisation|Intervision]]; and in Hong Kong, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Roxburgh" /><ref name="Didi1978" /> No official accounts of the viewing figures are known to exist; an estimate given in French press outlets ahead of the contest put the expected audience at around 350 million viewers worldwide, while media reports put viewing figures between 500 to 600 million.<ref name="Didi1978" /><ref>{{cite news |title=La Suisse neuvième au Grand Prix eurovision de la chanson remporté par Israël |trans-title=Switzerland ninth in Eurovision Song Contest, won by Israel |url=https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/JDG_1978_04_24/9 |access-date=2 December 2024 |work=[[Journal de Genève]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=24 April 1978 |page=9 |location=[[Geneva]], Switzerland |language=fr |via=[[Le Temps]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wie wint het Songfestival? |trans-title=Who will win the song contest? |url=https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1978-04-22/edition/0/page/5 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=[[Leidsch Dagblad]] |location=[[Leiden]], Netherlands |language=nl |page=5 |date=22 April 1978 |via=Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken}}</ref>
In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in 17 other countries, including Algeria, Iceland, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Yugoslavia; in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and the Soviet Union via [[International Radio and Television Organisation|Intervision]]; and in Hong Kong, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Roxburgh" /><ref name="Didi1978" /> No official accounts of the viewing figures are known to exist; an estimate given in French press outlets ahead of the contest put the expected audience at around 350 million viewers worldwide, while media reports put viewing figures between 500 and 600 million.<ref name="Didi1978" /><ref>{{cite news |title=La Suisse neuvième au Grand Prix eurovision de la chanson remporté par Israël |trans-title=Switzerland ninth in Eurovision Song Contest, won by Israel |url=https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/JDG_1978_04_24/9 |access-date=2 December 2024 |work=[[Journal de Genève]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=24 April 1978 |page=9 |location=[[Geneva]], Switzerland |language=fr |via=[[Le Temps]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wie wint het Songfestival? |trans-title=Who will win the song contest? |url=https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1978-04-22/edition/0/page/5 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=[[Leidsch Dagblad]] |location=[[Leiden]], Netherlands |language=nl |page=5 |date=22 April 1978 |via=Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken}}</ref>


Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.
Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.
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| [[La Une|RTBF1]]
| [[La Une|RTBF1]]
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Voorpost">{{cite news |title=T.V. Programma's |trans-title=T.V. Programmes |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1978-04-21/edition/0/page/30 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=De Voorpost |date=21 April 1978 |pages=30–31 |location=[[Aalst, Belgium|Aalst]], Belgium |language=nl |via=Stadsarchief Aalst}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV–programma's van zaterdag 22 april 1978 |trans-title=TV programmes of Saturday 22 April 1978 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2274065/p54 |url-access=registration |date=22 April 1978 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=8 July 2025 |page=2/30 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep|BRT]]
| [[Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep|BRT]]
| [[VRT 1|TV1]]
| [[VRT 1|TV1]]
| [[Luc Appermont]]
| [[Luc Appermont]]
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Voorpost" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Een avondje thuis nietsnutten: Zoutloos songfestival |trans-title=An evening at home doing nothing: Saltless song festival |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1978-04-28/edition/0/page/32 |access-date=26 December 2024 |work=De Voorpost |date=28 April 1978 |page=32 |location=Aalst, Belgium |language=nl |via=Stadsarchief Aalst}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Denmark}}
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Denmark}}
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| {{lang|de|[[Das Erste|Deutsches Fernsehen]]|i=unset}}
| {{lang|de|[[Das Erste|Deutsches Fernsehen]]|i=unset}}
| [[Werner Veigel]]
| [[Werner Veigel]]
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Fernsehen" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Tele-schau: Gesehen – Grand Prix Eurovision (I. Program) |trans-title=Tele-show: Seen – Grand Prix Eurovision (1st Programm) |url=https://www.ecgermany.de/images/rbrk_esc/1978/Presse_78_2.jpg |work={{ill|Bocholter-Borkener Volksblatt|de}} |location=[[Bocholt, Germany|Bocholt]], West Germany |access-date=18 January 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Fernsehen aktuell |trans-title=Television news |url=https://archiv.ndz.de/resources/cimage/page/17523008/320 |access-date=3 August 2025 |work={{ill|Neue Deister-Zeitung|de}} |date=22 April 1978 |location=[[Springe]], West Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803200858/https://archiv.ndz.de/resources/cimage/page/17523008/320 |archive-date=3 August 2025 |page=8 |language=de |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tele-schau: Gesehen – Grand Prix Eurovision (I. Program) |trans-title=Tele-show: Seen – Grand Prix Eurovision (1st Programm) |url=https://www.ecgermany.de/images/rbrk_esc/1978/Presse_78_2.jpg |work={{ill|Bocholter-Borkener Volksblatt|de}} |location=[[Bocholt, Germany|Bocholt]], West Germany |access-date=18 January 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Greece}}
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Greece}}
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| [[Channel 1 (Israel)|Israeli Television]], {{ill|Reshet Bet|he|רשת ב'}}
| [[Channel 1 (Israel)|Israeli Television]], {{ill|Reshet Bet|he|רשת ב'}}
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=שבת – 22.4.78 – טלוויזיה |trans-title=Saturday – 22/4/1978 – Television |url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/?a=d&d=dav19780421-01.1.64 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[Davar]] |date=21 April 1978 |location=[[Tel Aviv]], Israel |language=he |page=64 |via=[[National Library of Israel]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rádio |url=https://adt.arcanum.com/en/view/UjKelet_1978_04/?pg=129&layout=s |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=[[Új Kelet]] |date=21 April 1978 |location=[[Tel Aviv]], Israel |page=16 |language=hu |url-access=subscription |via={{ill|Arcanum Newspapers|hu|Arcanum Újságok}}}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=שבת – 22.4.78 – טלוויזיה |trans-title=Saturday – 22/4/1978 – Television |url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/?a=d&d=dav19780421-01.1.64 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[Davar]] |date=21 April 1978 |location=[[Tel Aviv]], Israel |language=he |page=64 |via=[[National Library of Israel]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rádio |url=https://adt.arcanum.com/en/view/UjKelet_1978_04/?pg=129&layout=s |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=[[Új Kelet]] |date=21 April 1978 |location=[[Tel Aviv]], Israel |page=16 |language=hu |url-access=subscription |via=[[Arcanum Newspapers]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Italy}}
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Italy}}
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| {{lang|no|[[NRK1|NRK Fjernsynet]]|i=unset}}
| {{lang|no|[[NRK1|NRK Fjernsynet]]|i=unset}}
| Bjørn Scheele
| Bjørn Scheele
| style="text-align:center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="Norsk">{{cite news |title=TV-radio programmene |trans-title=TV-radio programmes |url=https://www.nb.no/items/998eebd63f3e6d5cc7177077f483e231?page=33 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[Oppland Arbeiderblad]] |date=22 April 1978 |page=35 |location=[[Gjøvik]], Norway |language=no |via=[[National Library of Norway]]}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="Norsk">{{cite news |title=TV-radio programmene |trans-title=TV-radio programmes |url=https://www.nb.no/items/998eebd63f3e6d5cc7177077f483e231?page=33 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[Oppland Arbeiderblad]] |date=22 April 1978 |page=35 |location=[[Gjøvik (town)|Gjøvik]], Norway |language=no |via=[[National Library of Norway]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[NRK P1|NRK]]{{efn|Deferred broadcast at 23:10 ([[Central European Time|CET]])<ref name="Norsk" />}}
| [[NRK P1|NRK]]{{efn|Deferred broadcast at 23:10 ([[Central European Time|CET]])<ref name="Norsk" />}}
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| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Hoje |trans-title=Today |url=http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=06829.179.28124#!15 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[Diário de Lisboa]] |location=[[Lisbon]], Portugal |date=22 April 1978 |page=15 |language=pt |via=Casa Comum}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Firmino |first1=Tiago |title=O número do dia. Quantos festivais comentou Eládio Clímaco na televisão portuguesa? |trans-title=The number of the day. How many festivals did Eládio Clímaco comment on on Portuguese television? |url=https://www.n-tv.pt/eurovisao/o-numero-do-dia-quantos-festivais-comentou-eladio-climaco-na-televisao-portuguesa/269763/ |publisher=N-TV |access-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104125852/https://www.n-tv.pt/eurovisao/o-numero-do-dia-quantos-festivais-comentou-eladio-climaco-na-televisao-portuguesa/269763/ |archive-date=4 November 2022 |language=pt |date=7 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Hoje |trans-title=Today |url=http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=06829.179.28124#!15 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[Diário de Lisboa]] |location=[[Lisbon]], Portugal |date=22 April 1978 |page=15 |language=pt |via=Casa Comum}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Firmino |first1=Tiago |title=O número do dia. Quantos festivais comentou Eládio Clímaco na televisão portuguesa? |trans-title=The number of the day. How many festivals did Eládio Clímaco comment on on Portuguese television? |url=https://www.n-tv.pt/eurovisao/o-numero-do-dia-quantos-festivais-comentou-eladio-climaco-na-televisao-portuguesa/269763/ |publisher=N-TV |access-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104125852/https://www.n-tv.pt/eurovisao/o-numero-do-dia-quantos-festivais-comentou-eladio-climaco-na-televisao-portuguesa/269763/ |archive-date=4 November 2022 |language=pt |date=7 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal#Radio|RDP]]
| [[Radiodifusão Portuguesa|RDP]]
| {{lang|pt|[[Antena 1 (Portugal)|RDP Programa 1]]|i=unset}}
| {{lang|pt|[[Antena 1 (Portugal)|RDP Programa 1]]|i=unset}}
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
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| [[La 1 (Spanish TV channel)|TVE 1]]
| [[La 1 (Spanish TV channel)|TVE 1]]
| {{ill|Miguel de los Santos (broadcaster)|lt=Miguel de los Santos|es|Miguel de los Santos (presentador)}}
| {{ill|Miguel de los Santos (broadcaster)|lt=Miguel de los Santos|es|Miguel de los Santos (presentador)}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |title=1er programa – Sábado |trans-title=First Program – Saturday |url=https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/consulta/registro.do?id=11000960675 |access-date=27 June 2024 |magazine={{ill|Pueblo (newspaper)|es|Pueblo (periódico)|lt=Tele Pueblo}} |date=22 April 1978 |location=[[Madrid]], Spain |pages=2–3 |language=es |via={{ill|Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica|es}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cayon |first=José A. |title=Esta noche Eurovisión-78 |trans-title=Tonight Eurovision-78 |url=https://liburutegibiltegi.bizkaia.eus/bitstream/id/322499/b1126214x_1978_04_22.pdf |access-date=5 October 2024 |work={{ill|La Gaceta del Norte|es}} |date=22 April 1978 |page=48 |location=[[Bilbao]], Spain |language=es |via={{ill|Bizkaiko Foru Liburutegia|eu}}}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |title=1er programa – Sábado |trans-title=First Program – Saturday |url=https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/en/consulta/registro.do?id=11000960675 |access-date=27 June 2024 |magazine=[[Pueblo (newspaper)|Tele Pueblo]] |date=22 April 1978 |location=[[Madrid]], Spain |pages=2–3 |language=es |via={{ill|Virtual Library of Historical Newspapers|es|Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cayon |first=José A. |title=Esta noche Eurovisión-78 |trans-title=Tonight Eurovision-78 |url=https://liburutegibiltegi.bizkaia.eus/bitstream/id/322499/b1126214x_1978_04_22.pdf |access-date=5 October 2024 |work={{ill|La Gaceta del Norte|es}} |date=22 April 1978 |page=48 |location=[[Bilbao]], Spain |language=es |via={{ill|Bizkaiko Foru Liburutegia|eu}}}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Radio Nacional de España|RNE]]
| [[Radio Nacional de España|RNE]]
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|-
|-
| [[RTS 1 (Swiss TV channel)|TSR]]
| [[RTS 1 (Swiss TV channel)|TSR]]
| {{ill|Georges Hardy|fr}}
| {{ill|Georges Hardy|fr|Georges Hardy (journaliste)}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Je vois tout">{{cite magazine |title=TV – samedi 22 avril |trans-title=TV – Saturday 22 April |url=https://www.scriptorium.ch/zoom/324407/view?page=8&p=verso&tool=info |access-date=10 January 2023 |magazine=[[TV8 (magazine)|Radio TV – Je vois tout]] |date=20 April 1978 |volume=56 |issue=16 |location=[[Lausanne]], Switzerland |pages=14–15 |language=fr |via=[[Scriptorium (website)|Scriptorium]]}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Je vois tout">{{cite magazine |title=TV – samedi 22 avril |trans-title=TV – Saturday 22 April |url=https://www.scriptorium.ch/zoom/324407/view?page=8&p=verso&tool=info |access-date=10 January 2023 |magazine=[[TV8 (magazine)|Radio TV – Je vois tout]] |date=20 April 1978 |volume=56 |issue=16 |location=[[Lausanne]], Switzerland |pages=14–15 |language=fr |via=[[Scriptorium (website)|Scriptorium]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
Line 719: Line 719:
| [[BNT 1|BT 1]]{{efn|Delayed broadcast on 29 April 1978 at 23:45 ([[Eastern European Time|EET]])<ref name="Bulgaria" />}}
| [[BNT 1|BT 1]]{{efn|Delayed broadcast on 29 April 1978 at 23:45 ([[Eastern European Time|EET]])<ref name="Bulgaria" />}}
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Bulgaria">{{cite news |title=Телевизия |trans-title=Television |url=https://adt.arcanum.com/en/view/OtecestvenFront_1978_04/?pg=121&layout=s |access-date=29 April 2025 |work={{lang|bg-latn|Otechestven Front|i=unset}} |date=29 April 1978 |page=4 |location=[[Sofia]], Bulgaria |language=bg |url-access=subscription |via={{ill|Arcanum Newspapers|hu|Arcanum Újságok}}}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Bulgaria">{{cite news |title=Телевизия |trans-title=Television |url=https://adt.arcanum.com/en/view/OtecestvenFront_1978_04/?pg=121&layout=s |access-date=29 April 2025 |work={{lang|bg-latn|Otechestven Front|i=unset}} |date=29 April 1978 |page=4 |location=[[Sofia]], Bulgaria |language=bg |url-access=subscription |via=[[Arcanum Newspapers]]}}</ref>
|-  
|-  
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Cyprus|1960}}
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Cyprus|1960}}
Line 756: Line 756:
|-
|-
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Netherlands Antilles|1959}}
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Netherlands Antilles|1959}}
| colspan="2" | [[TeleCuraçao]]{{efn|Delayed broadcast on 6 May 1978 at 22:30 ([[Atlantic Time Zone|ADT]])<ref name="Curaçao" />}}
| [[Antilliaanse Televisie Maatschappij|ATM]]
| [[TeleCuraçao]]{{efn|Delayed broadcast on 6 May 1978 at 22:30 ([[Atlantic Time Zone|ADT]])<ref name="Curaçao" />}}
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Curaçao">{{cite news |title=Eurosong-festival op tv |trans-title=Eurosong contest on TV |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010639286:mpeg21:p003 |access-date=27 February 2025 |work=[[Amigoe]] |date=5 May 1978 |location=[[Willemstad]], Curaçao |language=nl |page=3 |via=Delpher}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Curaçao">{{cite news |title=Eurosong-festival op tv |trans-title=Eurosong contest on TV |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010639286:mpeg21:p003 |access-date=27 February 2025 |work=[[Amigoe]] |date=5 May 1978 |location=[[Willemstad]], Curaçao |language=nl |page=3 |via=[[Delpher]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Poland|1928}}
! scope="row" | {{Flagu|Poland|1928}}
Line 768: Line 769:
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="4" | {{Flagu|Yugoslavia}}
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="4" | {{Flagu|Yugoslavia}}
| rowspan="4" | [[Yugoslav Radio Television|JRT]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Yugoslav Radio Television|JRT]]
| [[RTS1 (Serbian TV channel)|TV Beograd 1]]
| [[TV Belgrade|TV Beograd 1]]
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Телевизија |trans-title=Television |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp{{!}}issue:UB_00064_19780422{{!}}page:16 |access-date=25 May 2024 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=22 April 1978 |location=[[Belgrade]], Yugoslavia |page=16 |language=sh-cyrl |via=[[Belgrade University Library]]}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Телевизија |trans-title=Television |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp{{!}}issue:UB_00064_19780422{{!}}page:16 |access-date=25 May 2024 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=22 April 1978 |location=[[Belgrade]], Yugoslavia |page=16 |language=sh-cyrl |via=[[Belgrade University Library]]}}</ref>
Line 776: Line 777:
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio Televizija |trans-title=Radio Television |url=https://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-OPUTCBLM/1b56304d-250d-4893-8cab-1b3af732f220/PDF |access-date=22 October 2024 |work=[[Primorski dnevnik]] |date=22 April 1978 |page=4 |language=sl |location=[[Trieste]], Italy |via=Digital Library of Slovenia}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio Televizija |trans-title=Radio Television |url=https://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-OPUTCBLM/1b56304d-250d-4893-8cab-1b3af732f220/PDF |access-date=22 October 2024 |work=[[Primorski dnevnik]] |date=22 April 1978 |page=4 |language=sl |location=[[Trieste]], Italy |via=Digital Library of Slovenia}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[TV SLO 1|TV Ljubljana 1]]{{efn|Deferred broadcast the following day at 15:30 ([[Central European Time|CET]])<ref name="Ljubljana" />}}
| [[TV Ljubljana|TV Ljubljana 1]]{{efn|Deferred broadcast the following day at 15:30 ([[Central European Time|CET]])<ref name="Ljubljana" />}}
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Ljubljana">{{cite news |title=Jutri na RTV |trans-title=Tomorrow on RTV |url=http://www.dlib.si/listalnik/URN_NBN_SI_doc-R9XASN1E/8/index.html |access-date=28 October 2024 |work=[[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]] |date=22 April 1978 |page=8 |language=sl |location=[[Ljubljana]], Yugoslavia |via=Digital Library of Slovenia}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Ljubljana">{{cite news |title=Jutri na RTV |trans-title=Tomorrow on RTV |url=http://www.dlib.si/listalnik/URN_NBN_SI_doc-R9XASN1E/8/index.html |access-date=28 October 2024 |work=[[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]] |date=22 April 1978 |page=8 |language=sl |location=[[Ljubljana]], Yugoslavia |via=Digital Library of Slovenia}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[HRT 1|TV Zagreb 1]]
| [[TV Zagreb|TV Zagreb 1]]
| {{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV Zagreb {{!}} od 22. do 28. travnja |trans-title=TV Zagreb {{!}} from 22 to 28 April |url=https://library.foi.hr/dbook/novine.php?C=20&godina=1978&broj=000016&page=010 |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=Glas Podravine |date=21 April 1978 |page=10 |language=sh |location=[[Koprivnica]], Yugoslavia |via={{ill|Faculty of Organization and Informatics in Varaždin, University of Zagreb|hr|Fakultet organizacije i informatike u Varaždinu}}}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV Zagreb {{!}} od 22. do 28. travnja |trans-title=TV Zagreb {{!}} from 22 to 28 April |url=https://library.foi.hr/dbook/novine.php?C=20&godina=1978&broj=000016&page=010 |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=Glas Podravine |date=21 April 1978 |page=10 |language=sh |location=[[Koprivnica]], Yugoslavia |via={{ill|Faculty of Organization and Informatics in Varaždin, University of Zagreb|hr|Fakultet organizacije i informatike u Varaždinu}}}}</ref>
Line 811: Line 812:
[[Category:1978 music festivals]]
[[Category:1978 music festivals]]
[[Category:April 1978 in Europe]]
[[Category:April 1978 in Europe]]
[[Category:Events in Paris]]
[[Category:Organised events in Paris]]

Latest revision as of 20:56, 7 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Infobox song contest

The Eurovision Song Contest 1978 was the 23rd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 22 April 1978 at the Grand Amphitheatre of the Script error: No such module "Lang". in Paris, France, and presented by Denise Fabre and Léon Zitrone. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Script error: No such module "Lang". (TF1), who staged the event after winning the Template:Escyr for Template:Esccnty with the song "L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" by Marie Myriam.[1] This was the first time that more than one presenter had hosted the contest as well as the first to have a male presenter since the Template:Escyr.

Broadcasters from twenty countries participated, the highest number of competing countries in the history of the competition at the time. Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty both returned to the contest. Denmark had not participated since Template:Escyr, 12 years before.

The winner of the contest was Template:Esccnty with the song "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" by Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta. The winning entry was a love song sung in the Hebrew equivalent of Ubbi dubbi (the title is an expansion of the Hebrew word Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "I"). This was Template:Esccnty's first Eurovision win, and it was also the first winning song to be performed in one of the Semitic languages. Furthermore, it was also the only winning song to be conducted by a woman, Nurit Hirsh. Template:Esccnty finished last for the fifth time, gaining the first nul points after the new voting system was implemented in Template:Escyr.

Location

File:Lafayette Complex at night.jpg
Script error: No such module "Lang"., Paris – host venue of the 1978 contest.

Script error: No such module "Lang". (TF1) staged the contest at the Script error: No such module "Lang"., a multi propose venue in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. Designed by French architect Guillaume Gillet, the venue was inaugurated in 1974.

Participants

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Template:Interlanguage link info Template:ESC 1978 participants Denmark returned to the competition after having been absent for twelve years, while Turkey did so after missing out two years.[2] This meant that, for the first time, the contest had twenty entries competing.

Several of the performing artists had previously competed as lead artists representing the same country in past editions: Jean Vallée had represented Template:Esccnty; and Norbert Niedermeyer as part of Template:Ill had represented Template:Esccnty as part of Milestones. In addition, Ireen Sheer representing Germany, had represented Template:Esccnty.

Eurovision Song Contest 1978 participants[3][4]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
Template:Esc ORF Template:Ill "Mrs. Caroline Robinson" German Template:Hlist Richard Oesterreicher
Template:Esc RTBF Jean Vallée "Script error: No such module "Lang"." French Jean Vallée Template:Ill
Template:Esc DR Mabel "Boom Boom" Danish Template:Hlist Template:Ill
Template:Esc YLE Seija Simola "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Finnish Template:Hlist Ossi Runne
Template:Esc TF1 Joël Prévost "Script error: No such module "Lang"." French Template:Hlist Alain Goraguer
Template:Esc SWFTemplate:Efn Ireen Sheer "Script error: No such module "Lang"." German Template:Hlist Jean Frankfurter
Template:Esc ERT Tania Tsanaklidou "Charlie Chaplin" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Greek Template:Hlist Haris Andreadis
Template:Esc RTÉ Colm C. T. Wilkinson "Born to Sing" English Colm C. T. Wilkinson Noel Kelehan
Template:Esc IBA Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Hebrew Template:Hlist Nurit Hirsh
Template:Esc RAI Script error: No such module "Lang". "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Italian Template:Hlist Nicola Samale
Template:Esc CLT Baccara "Script error: No such module "Lang"." French Template:Hlist Rolf Soja
Template:Esc TMC Template:Ill and Olivier Toussaint "Script error: No such module "Lang"." French Template:Hlist Yvon Rioland
Template:Esc NOS Harmony "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Dutch Template:Hlist Harry van Hoof
Template:Esc NRK Jahn Teigen "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Norwegian Template:Ill Carsten Klouman
Template:Esc RTP Gemini "Dai li dou" Portuguese Template:Hlist Template:Ill
Template:Esc TVE José Vélez "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Spanish Template:Hlist Ramón Arcusa
Template:Esc SR Björn Skifs "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Swedish Template:Ill Template:Ill
Template:Esc SRG SSR Template:Ill "Script error: No such module "Lang"." French Template:Hlist Template:Ill
Template:Esc TRT Nilüfer and Nazar "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Turkish Template:Hlist Onno Tunç
Template:Esc BBC Co-Co "The Bad Old Days" English Template:Hlist Alyn Ainsworth

Format

The postcards were filmed live, featuring the artists making their way to the stage. They took a corridor, then an elevator. Leaving the lift, they were greeted by the previous participants and then made their entrances to the stage. The camera also made several shots of the audience, notably Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg.

Each song was accompanied by a 45-piece orchestra.[1]

The Swedish participant Björn Skifs was unhappy with the rule that every country would have to perform in their native language. He planned to sing in English anyway, but changed his mind at the last moment, causing him to completely forget the lyrics. He therefore sang the first few lines in gibberish before finding the words again.

The Israeli win caused problems for several North African and Middle-Eastern nations that were televising the contest, even though they were not participating. According to author and political commentator John Kennedy O'Connor in his book The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History, when Israel became the clear winners during the voting, most of the Arabic stations ended their transmission of the contest. Jordan Television finished the show with a photo of a bunch of daffodils on screen, later announcing that the Belgian entry (which finished second) was the winner.[5]

Contest overview

The contest was held on 22 April 1978, beginning at 21:30 (CEST).[6]

Fears of terrorist attacks like at the Summer Olympics 1972 in Munich and of stage invasions like in Template:Escyr meant that security measures in and around the Palais des Congrès were particularly tight: 200 police officers, some of them as undercover agents, tried to prevent any potential incidents. Spectators had to go through metal detectors upon arrival at the Palais des Congrès.[6]

In addition to his duties as a host together with Denise Fabre, Léon Zitrone also served as commentator for France, in an own commentary box backstage.[6]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1978[7]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Born to Sing" 86 5
2 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 0 20
3 Template:Esc Script error: No such module "Lang". "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 53 12
4 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 2 18
5 Template:Esc Gemini "Dai li dou" 5 17
6 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 119 3
7 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 65 9
8 Template:Esc Co-Co "The Bad Old Days" 61 11
9 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 65 9
10 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 125 2
11 Template:Esc Harmony "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 37 13
12 Template:Esc Nilüfer and Nazar "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 2 18
13 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 84 6
14 Template:Esc Caline and Olivier Toussaint "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 107 4
15 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Charlie Chaplin" 66 8
16 Template:Esc Mabel "Boom Boom" 13 16
17 Template:Esc Baccara "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 73 7
18 Template:Esc Template:Sortname and the Alphabeta "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" 157 1
19 Template:Esc Springtime "Mrs. Caroline Robinson" 14 15
20 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 26 14

Spokespersons

Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for its respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1978 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Detailed voting results[13][14]
scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header
rowspan="20" Template:Vert header Ireland 86 12 3 5 7 10 10 5 10 10 6 8
Norway 0
Italy 53 10 6 1 4 8 6 1 1 1 2 8 2 3
Finland 2 2
Portugal 5 4 1
France 119 6 3 10 2 2 5 8 6 8 6 4 10 5 8 8 1 5 12 10
Spain 65 7 8 2 4 7 4 6 12 2 6 7
United Kingdom 61 3 6 2 3 2 4 2 6 8 7 3 5 2 5 3
Switzerland 65 5 1 1 7 4 2 7 8 6 2 3 8 1 10
Belgium 125 12 7 6 6 4 12 2 12 10 5 3 12 12 7 7 4 4
Netherlands 37 5 3 4 1 5 6 12 1
Turkey 2 1 1
Germany 84 1 3 12 7 10 3 5 7 8 10 7 1 3 7
Monaco 107 4 4 7 8 5 1 10 5 6 10 5 7 4 10 8 1 12
Greece 66 7 2 5 8 10 7 4 4 4 10 3 2
Denmark 13 6 1 4 2
Luxembourg 73 2 12 12 12 7 3 3 2 6 1 7 6
Israel 157 8 8 8 10 10 8 6 5 12 12 12 12 12 3 5 6 12 8
Austria 14 3 3 1 2 5
Sweden 26 5 10 4 3 4

12 points

Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
6 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
5 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
3 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
1 Template:Esc Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[15] TF1 provided 29 commentary boxes in the auditorium for foreign broadcasters.[6]

In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in 17 other countries, including Algeria, Iceland, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Yugoslavia; in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and the Soviet Union via Intervision; and in Hong Kong, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates.[1][4][6] No official accounts of the viewing figures are known to exist; an estimate given in French press outlets ahead of the contest put the expected audience at around 350 million viewers worldwide, while media reports put viewing figures between 500 and 600 million.[6][16][17]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
Template:Flagu ORF FS2 Ernst Grissemann [18][19]
Template:Flagu RTBF RTBF1 Template:N/A [20]
BRT TV1 Luc Appermont
Template:Flagu DR DR TV Jørgen de Mylius [21][22]
Template:Flagu YLE TV1 Template:N/A [23]
Template:Ill Template:N/A
Template:Flagu TF1 Léon Zitrone [6][24]
Template:Flagu ARD Script error: No such module "Lang". Werner Veigel [25][26]
Template:Flagu ERT ERT, A Programma Template:N/A [27][28]
Template:Flagu RTÉ RTÉ Larry Gogan [29]
RTÉ Radio Liam Devally [30]
Template:Flagu IBA Israeli Television, Template:Ill Template:N/A [31][32]
Template:Flagu RAI Script error: No such module "Lang".,Template:Efn Rai Radio 2 Tullio Grazzini [33][34]
Template:Flagu CLT Script error: No such module "Lang". Jacques Navadic and Template:Ill [35]
Template:Flagu Télé Monte-Carlo Template:N/A [36]
Template:Flagu NOS Script error: No such module "Lang". Willem Duys [37][38]
Template:Flagu NRK Script error: No such module "Lang". Bjørn Scheele [39]
NRKTemplate:Efn Template:Ill
Template:Flagu RTP Script error: No such module "Lang". Eládio Clímaco [40][41]
RDP Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:N/A [42]
Template:Flagu TVE TVE 1 Template:Ill [43][44]
RNE Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:N/A [45]
Template:Flagu SR TV1 Ulf Elfving [46]
SR P3 Kent Finell [47]
Template:Flagu SRG SSR TV DRSTemplate:Efn Template:Ill [48]
TSR Template:Ill [49]
TSI Template:N/A [50]
RSR 1 Robert Burnier [51]
Template:Flagu TRT Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:N/A [52]
Template:Flagu BBC BBC1 Terry Wogan [53]
BBC Radio 2Template:Efn Ray Moore [54]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
Template:Flagu BT BT 1Template:Efn Template:N/A [55]
Template:Flagu CyBC RIK Template:N/A [56]
Template:Flagu TVB TVB PearlTemplate:Efn Template:N/A [57]
RTV RTV-2Template:Efn Template:N/A
Template:Flagu MTV MTV2Template:Efn Template:N/A [58]
Template:Flagu RÚV Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Efn Ragna Ragnars [59]
Template:Flagu JTV JTV2Template:Efn Template:N/A [60]
Template:Flagu ATM TeleCuraçaoTemplate:Efn Template:N/A [61]
Template:Flagu TP TP1Template:Efn Template:N/A [62]
Template:Flagu JRT TV Beograd 1 Template:N/A [63]
TV Koper-Capodistria Template:N/A [64]
TV Ljubljana 1Template:Efn Template:N/A [65]
TV Zagreb 1 Template:N/A [66]

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Eurovision Song Contest 1978 Template:Eurovision Song Contest Template:Portal bar

  1. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ O'Connor, John Kennedy. The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History. Carlton Books, UK. 2007 Template:ISBN
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  30. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  34. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  35. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  54. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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