Yahoo: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|American web portal}}
{{Short description|American web portal}}
{{About|the web portal|the company|Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present)|the now-unaffiliated Japanese company|Yahoo Japan|other uses|Yahoo (disambiguation)}}
{{About|the web portal|the company|Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present)|the now-unaffiliated Japanese company|Yahoo Japan|other uses|Yahoo (disambiguation)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox website
{{Infobox website
| name = Yahoo
| name = Yahoo
| logo = Yahoo! (2019).svg
| logo = Yahoo! (2019).svg
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2019
| logo_caption = Logo used since September 23, 2019
| type = Web portal and online services
| type = Web portal and online services
| registration = Optional
| registration = Optional
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}}
}}


'''Yahoo''' ({{IPAc-en|'|j|aː|h|uː|audio=En-us-yahoo.oga}}, styled '''yahoo''!''''' in its [[logo]])<ref>{{YouTube|2bxdg31jUUA|Yahoo 'Flashing Lights' Commercial (1080p)}}</ref> is an American [[web portal]] that provides the search engine [[Yahoo Search]] and related services including [[My Yahoo]], [[Yahoo Mail]], [[Yahoo News]], [[Yahoo Finance]], [[Yahoo Sports]], y!entertainment, yahoo!life,<ref>{{cite web |title=y!entertainment |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/ |website=yahoo.com/entertainment/ |publisher=[[Yahoo]] |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> and its advertising platform, [[Yahoo Native]]. It is operated by the namesake company [[Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present)|Yahoo! Inc.]], which is 90% owned by [[Apollo Global Management]] and 10% by [[Verizon]].
'''Yahoo''' ({{IPAc-en|'|j|aː|h|uː|audio=En-us-yahoo.oga}}, styled '''yahoo''!''''' in its [[logo]])<ref>{{YouTube|2bxdg31jUUA|Yahoo 'Flashing Lights' Commercial (1080p)}}</ref> is an American [[web portal]] that provides the search engine [[Yahoo Search]] and related services including [[My Yahoo]], [[Yahoo Mail]], [[Yahoo News]], [[Yahoo Finance]], [[Yahoo Sports]], y!entertainment, yahoo!life,<ref>{{cite web |title=y!entertainment |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/ |website=yahoo.com/entertainment/ |publisher=Yahoo |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> and its advertising platform, [[Yahoo Native]]. It is operated by the namesake company [[Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present)|Yahoo! Inc.]], which is 90% owned by [[Apollo Global Management]] and 10% by [[Verizon]].


Yahoo was established by [[Jerry Yang]] and [[David Filo]] in January 1994 and was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html|title=Yahoo's Sale to Verizon Ends an Era for a Web Pioneer|date=July 25, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216035326/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html|archive-date=February 16, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> However, its use declined in the 2010s as some of its services were discontinued, and it lost market share to [[Facebook]] and [[Google]].<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/07/25/yahoo-9-reasons-for-the-internet-icons-decline/ |title=Yahoo: 9 reasons for the internet icon's decline|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417065710/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/07/25/yahoo-9-reasons-for-the-internet-icons-decline/|archive-date=April 17, 2018|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=July 25, 2016|last=McGoogan|first=Cara}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.fastcompany.com/40544277/the-glory-that-was-yahoo| title=The Glory That Was Yahoo| work=Fast Company| date=March 21, 2018| access-date=January 10, 2019| archive-date=December 2, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065329/https://www.fastcompany.com/40544277/the-glory-that-was-yahoo| url-status=live| last1=Tynan| first1=Dan}}</ref>
Yahoo was established by [[Jerry Yang]] and [[David Filo]] in January 1994 and was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html|title=Yahoo's Sale to Verizon Ends an Era for a Web Pioneer|date=July 25, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216035326/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html|archive-date=February 16, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> However, its use declined in the 2010s as some of its services were discontinued, and it lost market share to [[Facebook]] and [[Google]].<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/07/25/yahoo-9-reasons-for-the-internet-icons-decline/ |title=Yahoo: 9 reasons for the internet icon's decline|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417065710/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/07/25/yahoo-9-reasons-for-the-internet-icons-decline/|archive-date=April 17, 2018|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=July 25, 2016|last=McGoogan|first=Cara}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.fastcompany.com/40544277/the-glory-that-was-yahoo| title=The Glory That Was Yahoo| work=Fast Company| date=March 21, 2018| access-date=January 10, 2019| archive-date=December 2, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065329/https://www.fastcompany.com/40544277/the-glory-that-was-yahoo| url-status=live| last1=Tynan| first1=Dan}}</ref>
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==History==
==History==
{{Main|History of Yahoo|Yahoo! Inc. (1995–2017)}}
{{Main|History of Yahoo|Yahoo! Inc. (1995–2017)}}
{{For timeline}}


===Founding===
===Founding===
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[[File:Countries on Yahoo.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Map showing localized versions of Yahoo web portals, as of 2023]]
[[File:Countries on Yahoo.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Map showing localized versions of Yahoo web portals, as of 2023]]
[[File:Yahoo! (4855962154).jpg|thumb|upright|Yahoo sign at [[Times Square]], 2010]]
[[File:Yahoo! (4855962154).jpg|thumb|upright|Yahoo sign at [[Times Square]], 2010]]
Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s. Yahoo became a [[public company]] via an [[initial public offering]] in April 1996 and its stock price rose 600% within two years.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web | url=https://money.cnn.com/1998/07/23/redherring/redherring_kingmaker/ | title=Yahoo! The kingmaker – Jul. 23, 1998 | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=January 2, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102182412/https://money.cnn.com/1998/07/23/redherring/redherring_kingmaker/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal, putting it in competition with services including [[Excite (web portal)|Excite]], [[Lycos]], and [[America Online]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://money.cnn.com/1998/11/25/technology/portals/ | title=AOL/Netscape merger presses smaller portals – Nov. 25, 1998 | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=December 21, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221093255/https://money.cnn.com/1998/11/25/technology/portals/ | url-status=live }}</ref> By 1998, Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm | title=Yahoo! still first portal call |work=[[BBC News]] |date=June 5, 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124142603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm |archive-date=November 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the human-edited Yahoo Directory the most popular search engine,<ref name="Directory"/> receiving 95 million page views per day, triple that of rival Excite.<ref name="auto"/> It also made many high-profile acquisitions. Yahoo began offering free [[e-mail]] from October 1997 after the acquisition of [[RocketMail]], which was then renamed to Yahoo Mail.<ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://www.newmediawire.com/news/yahoo-to-acquire-four11-corporation-3062569 | title=Yahoo! To Acquire Four11 Corporation | date=October 8, 1997 | access-date=May 4, 2021 | archive-date=May 4, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504154720/https://www.newmediawire.com/news/yahoo-to-acquire-four11-corporation-3062569 | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1998, Yahoo replaced [[AltaVista]] as the crawler-based search engine underlying the Directory with [[Inktomi]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm | work=[[BBC News]] | title=Yahoo! Still first portal call | date=June 5, 1998 | access-date=November 25, 2013 | archive-date=November 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124142603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm | url-status=live }}</ref> Yahoo's two biggest acquisitions were made in 1999: [[Geocities]] for $3.6 billion<ref name=buysgeo>{{Cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/1999/01/28/technology/yahoo_a/ | title=Yahoo! buys GeoCities | work=[[CNN]] | date=January 28, 1999 | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=July 21, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721122448/https://money.cnn.com/1999/01/28/technology/yahoo_a/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Broadcast.com]] for $5.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/1999/04/01/deals/yahoo/ |title=Yahoo to buy Broadcast.com for $5.7B |work=[[CNN]] |date=April 1, 1999 |access-date=January 13, 2019 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207053055/https://money.cnn.com/1999/04/01/deals/yahoo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s. Yahoo became a [[public company]] via an [[initial public offering]] in April 1996 and its stock price rose 600% within two years.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web | url=https://money.cnn.com/1998/07/23/redherring/redherring_kingmaker/ | title=Yahoo! The kingmaker – Jul. 23, 1998 | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=January 2, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102182412/https://money.cnn.com/1998/07/23/redherring/redherring_kingmaker/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal, putting it in competition with services including [[Excite (web portal)|Excite]], [[Lycos]], and [[America Online]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://money.cnn.com/1998/11/25/technology/portals/ | title=AOL/Netscape merger presses smaller portals – Nov. 25, 1998 | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=December 21, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221093255/https://money.cnn.com/1998/11/25/technology/portals/ | url-status=live }}</ref> By 1998, Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm | title=Yahoo! still first portal call |work=[[BBC News]] |date=June 5, 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124142603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm |archive-date=November 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the human-edited Yahoo Directory the most popular search engine,<ref name="Directory"/> receiving 95 million page views per day, triple that of rival Excite.<ref name="auto"/> It also made many high-profile acquisitions. Yahoo began offering free [[e-mail]] from October 1997 after the acquisition of [[RocketMail]], which was then renamed to Yahoo Mail.<ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://www.newmediawire.com/news/yahoo-to-acquire-four11-corporation-3062569 | title=Yahoo! To Acquire Four11 Corporation | date=October 8, 1997 | access-date=May 4, 2021 | archive-date=May 4, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504154720/https://www.newmediawire.com/news/yahoo-to-acquire-four11-corporation-3062569 | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1998, Yahoo replaced [[AltaVista]] as the crawler-based search engine underlying the Directory with [[Inktomi]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm | work=[[BBC News]] | title=Yahoo! Still first portal call | date=June 5, 1998 | access-date=November 25, 2013 | archive-date=November 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124142603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/107667.stm | url-status=live }}</ref> Yahoo's two biggest acquisitions were made in 1999: [[GeoCities]] for $3.6 billion<ref name=buysgeo>{{Cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/1999/01/28/technology/yahoo_a/ | title=Yahoo! buys GeoCities | work=[[CNN]] | date=January 28, 1999 | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=July 21, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721122448/https://money.cnn.com/1999/01/28/technology/yahoo_a/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Broadcast.com]] for $5.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/1999/04/01/deals/yahoo/ |title=Yahoo to buy Broadcast.com for $5.7B |work=[[CNN]] |date=April 1, 1999 |access-date=January 13, 2019 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207053055/https://money.cnn.com/1999/04/01/deals/yahoo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


Its stock price skyrocketed during the [[dot-com bubble]], closing at an all-time high of $118.75/share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $8.11 on September 26, 2001.<ref>{{cite book |last=Linder |first=Karen |author-link=Karen Linder |title=The Women of Berkshire Hathaway |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_r3vM8y4-QC&pg=PA199 |location=[[Hoboken, New Jersey]] |date=May 8, 2012 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=9781118182628 |page=199 |quote=Shortly after the 9/11 attacks, on September 26, 2001, Yahoo!'s stock hit its all-time low of $8.11. |access-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-date=August 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808202713/https://books.google.com/books?id=V_r3vM8y4-QC&pg=PA199 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Its stock price skyrocketed during the [[dot-com bubble]], closing at an all-time high of $118.75/share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $8.11 on September 26, 2001.<ref>{{cite book |last=Linder |first=Karen |author-link=Karen Linder |title=The Women of Berkshire Hathaway |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_r3vM8y4-QC&pg=PA199 |location=[[Hoboken, New Jersey]] |date=May 8, 2012 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=9781118182628 |page=199 |quote=Shortly after the 9/11 attacks, on September 26, 2001, Yahoo!'s stock hit its all-time low of $8.11. |access-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-date=August 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808202713/https://books.google.com/books?id=V_r3vM8y4-QC&pg=PA199 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Yahoo began using [[Google]] for search in June 2000.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/02/searchengines.columnists | title=Why's Yahoo gone to Google? Search me | first=John | last=Naughton | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=July 2, 2000 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=January 31, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040317/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/02/searchengines.columnists | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.altaba.com/news-releases/news-release-details/yahoo-selects-google-its-default-search-engine-provider | title=Yahoo! Selects Google As Its Default Search Engine Provider | publisher=[[Altaba]] | date=June 26, 2000 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=April 11, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411161100/https://www.altaba.com/news-releases/news-release-details/yahoo-selects-google-its-default-search-engine-provider | url-status=live }}</ref> Over the next four years, it developed its own search technologies, which it began using in 2004 partly using technology from its $280 million acquisition of Inktomi in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-dumps-google-search-technology/ | title=Yahoo dumps Google search technology | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=October 22, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022135105/https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-dumps-google-search-technology/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In response to Google's [[Gmail]], Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in 2007. In 2008, the company laid off hundreds of people as it struggled from competition.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/technology/22yahoo.html |title=Hundreds of Layoffs Expected at Yahoo | work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 22, 2008 | first=Miguel | last=Helft | url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628111428/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/technology/22yahoo.html |archive-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref>
==== Missed acquisitions of Google ====
Yahoo had two critical opportunities to acquire [[Google]] that it did not pursue. In 1998, Google's founders [[Larry Page]] and [[Sergey Brin]] approached Yahoo to sell their nascent search engine for $1 million, but Yahoo declined the offer.<ref name="BusInsiderGoogle">{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-yahoo-blew-its-chance-to-buy-google-2016-7 |title=How Yahoo blew its chance to buy Google for $1 million — and then for $5 billion |last=Carlson |first=Nicholas |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=July 25, 2016 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref><ref name="EconTimesGoogle">{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/yahoo-rejected-two-phd-students-1-million-offer-for-their-site-heres-why-they-are-still-thankful-for-it/articleshow/71650993.cms |title=Yahoo rejected two PhD students' $1 million offer for their site. Here's why they are still "thankful" for it |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=October 19, 2019 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref>


In February 2008, [[Microsoft]] made an unsolicited bid to acquire Yahoo for $44.6 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/microsoft_yahoo/index.htm | title=Microsoft bids $45 billion for Yahoo | first=Chris | last=Isidore | work=[[CNN]] | date=February 1, 2008 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=November 9, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043543/https://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/microsoft_yahoo/index.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Feb-2008-425">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2814/95012308001038/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 425, Filing Date Feb 1, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224827/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2814/95012308001038/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Yahoo rejected the bid, claiming that it "substantially undervalues" the company and was not in the interest of its shareholders. Although Microsoft increased its bid to $47 billion, Yahoo insisted on another 10%+ increase to the offer and Microsoft cancelled the offer in May 2008.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=4785399 | title=Microsoft drops pursuit of Yahoo, looks ahead | first=Jon | last=Swartz | work=[[USA Today]] | date=May 6, 2008 | access-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503050125/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=4785399 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-May-2008-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2263/95013408009695/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 16, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501160933/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2263/95013408009695/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jun-2008-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/713/95013408011144/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jun 12, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224703/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/713/95013408011144/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7239220.stm |title=Yahoo rejects Microsoft approach |work=BBC News |access-date=February 17, 2008 |url-status=live |date=February 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214180223/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7239220.stm |archive-date=February 14, 2008}}</ref>
A more significant opportunity arose in 2002, when Yahoo's then-CEO, [[Terry Semel]], entered into negotiations to purchase Google. Google was reportedly seeking a price of $5 billion. After weeks of negotiation, Yahoo's final offer was $3 billion, a figure that Google's leadership rejected, leading them to terminate the deal.<ref name="BusInsiderGoogle"/> The failure to acquire Google in this second instance is widely considered one of the largest strategic errors in corporate history.<ref name="ForbesBlunder">{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/11/03/yahoo-google-microsoft-intelligent-investing-blunder.html |title=Yahoo's Bumbling Rejection Of Google |work=[[Forbes]] |last=Schonfeld |first=Erick |date=November 3, 2009 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref>


[[Carol Bartz]], who had no previous experience in Internet advertising, replaced Yang as CEO in January 2009.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jan-2009-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/176/89161809000005/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jan 15, 2009 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161013/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/176/89161809000005/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8317476.stm |title=Job cuts help Yahoo! profits surge |work=BBC News |date=October 21, 2009 |access-date=May 31, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511045421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8317476.stm |archive-date=May 11, 2011}}</ref> In September 2011, after failing to meet targets, she was fired by chairman [[Roy J. Bostock]]; CFO [[Tim Morse]] was named as Interim CEO of the company.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Sep-2011-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2534/0001193125-11-242088.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Sep 7, 2011 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224705/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2534/0001193125-11-242088.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/yahoo-reels-ceo-carol-bartz-fired-phone-sudden-shake-up-floundering-tech-giant-article-1.957011|title=Yahoo reels as CEO Carol Bartz fired on the phone in sudden shake-up at floundering tech giant|work=NY Daily News|access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051627/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/yahoo-reels-ceo-carol-bartz-fired-phone-sudden-shake-up-floundering-tech-giant-article-1.957011|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Yahoo began using [[Google]] for search in June 2000.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/02/searchengines/columnists | title=Why's Yahoo gone to Google? Search me | first=John | last=Naughton | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=July 2, 2000 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=January 31, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040317/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/02/searchengines/columnists | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.altaba.com/news-releases/news-release-details/yahoo-selects-google-its-default-search-engine-provider | title=Yahoo! Selects Google As Its Default Search Engine Provider | publisher=[[Altaba]] | date=June 26, 2000 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=April 11, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411161100/https://www.altaba.com/news-releases/news-release-details/yahoo-selects-google-its-default-search-engine-provider | url-status=live }}</ref> Over the next four years, it developed its own search technologies, which it began using in 2004 partly using technology from its $280 million acquisition of Inktomi in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-dumps-google-search-technology/ | title=Yahoo dumps Google search technology | access-date=January 13, 2019 | archive-date=October 22, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022135105/https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-dumps-google-search-technology/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, Yahoo acquired [[Overture Services, Inc.]] (formerly GoTo.com) for $1.63 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/yahoo-to-acquire-overture-for-1-63-billion/ |title=Yahoo to acquire Overture for $1.63 billion |publisher=CNET |date=July 14, 2003 |access-date=2025-09-14}}</ref> The deal was a strategic move to bolster its search advertising revenue in the face of growing competition from Google, as Overture was a pioneer in [[pay-per-click]] advertising.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/15/business/yahoo-s-deal-for-overture-redraws-web-s-map.html |title=Yahoo's Deal for Overture Redraws Web's Map |work=The New York Times |date=July 15, 2003 |access-date=2025-09-14}}</ref> In response to Google's [[Gmail]], Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in 2007. In 2008, the company laid off hundreds of people as it struggled from competition.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/technology/22yahoo.html |title=Hundreds of Layoffs Expected at Yahoo | work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 22, 2008 | first=Miguel | last=Helft | url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628111428/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/technology/22yahoo.html |archive-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref>


In April 2012, after the appointment of [[Scott Thompson (businessman)|Scott Thompson]] as CEO, several key executives resigned, including [[chief product officer]] [[Blake Irving]].<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Apr-2012-10-K/A">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1240/0001193125-12-191477.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 10-K/A, Filing Date Apr 27, 2012 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161221/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1240/0001193125-12-191477.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Yahoo's Chief Product Officer Blake Irving Resigns |url=http://allthingsd.com/20120405/exclusive-yahoos-chief-product-officer-blake-irving-resigns/ |work=All Things D |access-date=July 2, 2012 |url-status=live |last=Swisher |first=Kara |author-link=Kara Swisher |date=April 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104215900/http://allthingsd.com/20120405/exclusive-yahoos-chief-product-officer-blake-irving-resigns/ |archive-date=January 4, 2013}}</ref> On April 4, 2012, Yahoo announced 2,000 layoffs,<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Apr-2012-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/891/119312512149142/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Apr 4, 2012 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224459/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/891/119312512149142/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> or about 14% of its 14,100 workers by the end of year, expected to save around $375 million annually.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yahoo dumping 2,000 workers in latest purge |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/04/yahoo-dumping-2000-workers-latest-purge.html |access-date=July 22, 2012 |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |date=April 4, 2012 |last=Liedtke |first=Michael |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616133522/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/04/yahoo-dumping-2000-workers-latest-purge.html |archive-date=June 16, 2012}}</ref> In an email sent to employees in April 2012, Thompson reiterated his view that customers should come first at Yahoo. He also completely reorganized the company.<ref name="Swisher">{{cite news |title=It's Official: Yahoo Reorgs Itself Just Like We Said (Memo Time!) | url=http://allthingsd.com/20120410/its-official-yahoo-reorgs-itself-just-like-we-said-memo-time/ | work=[[All Things D]] |last=Swisher | first=Kara | author-link=Kara Swisher | date=April 10, 2012 | url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220235004/http://allthingsd.com/20120410/its-official-yahoo-reorgs-itself-just-like-we-said-memo-time/ |archive-date=December 20, 2012}}</ref>
In February 2008, [[Microsoft]] made an unsolicited bid to acquire Yahoo for $44.6 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/microsoft_yahoo/index.htm | title=Microsoft bids $45 billion for Yahoo | first=Chris | last=Isidore | work=[[CNN]] | date=February 1, 2008 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=November 9, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043543/https://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/microsoft_yahoo/index.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Feb-2008-425">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2814/95012308001038/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 425, Filing Date Feb 1, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224827/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2814/95012308001038/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Yahoo rejected the bid, claiming that it "substantially undervalues" the company and was not in the interest of its shareholders. Although Microsoft increased its bid to $47 billion, Yahoo insisted on another 10%+ increase to the offer and Microsoft cancelled the offer in May 2008.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=4785399 | title=Microsoft drops pursuit of Yahoo, looks ahead | first=Jon | last=Swartz | work=[[USA Today]] | date=May 6, 2008 | access-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503050125/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=4785399 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-May-2008-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2263/95013408009695/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 16, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501160933/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2263/95013408009695/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jun-2008-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/713/95013408011144/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jun 12, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224703/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/713/95013408011144/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7239220.stm |title=Yahoo rejects Microsoft approach |work=BBC News |access-date=February 17, 2008 |url-status=live |date=February 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214180223/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7239220.stm |archive-date=February 14, 2008}}</ref>
 
On May 13, 2012, Thompson was fired and was replaced on an interim basis by [[Ross Levinsohn]], recently appointed head of Yahoo's new Media group. Several associates of [[Third Point Management]], including [[Daniel S. Loeb]] were nominated to the [[board of directors]].<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-May-2012-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2231/119312512231455/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 14, 2012 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224420/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2231/119312512231455/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Swisher" /><ref>{{cite press release |title=Yahoo! Names Fred Amoroso Chairman and Appoints Ross Levinsohn Interim CEO |url=http://investor.yahoo.net/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=672824 |publisher=Yahoo! |access-date=July 2, 2012 |date=May 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925175715/http://investor.yahoo.net/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=672824 |archive-date=September 25, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Yahoo CEO says he never provided a resume-source |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ag-yahoo-ceo-idUSL1E8GAN4W20120511 |access-date=July 22, 2012 |url-status=live |work=Reuters |date=May 10, 2012 |last=Oreskovic |first=Alexei |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726021614/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/11/ag-yahoo-ceo-idUSL1E8GAN4W20120511 |archive-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> Thompson's total compensation for his 130-day tenure with Yahoo was at least $7.3 million.<ref name="CNN ousted">{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/05/14/technology/yahoo-ceo-no-severance/ | title=Ousted Yahoo CEO will get no severance |last=Pepitone |first=Julianne | work=[[CNN]] |date=May 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517024832/http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/14/technology/yahoo-ceo-no-severance/ |archive-date=May 17, 2012}}</ref>
 
On July 15, 2012, [[Marissa Mayer]] was appointed president and CEO of Yahoo, effective July 17, 2012.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2012-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/397/119312512307595/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 19, 2012 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161314/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/397/119312512307595/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>Matt McGee, Search Engine Land. "[http://searchengineland.com/report-marissa-mayer-leaving-google-for-yahoo-ceo-role-127752 Confirmed: Marissa Mayer Leaving Google For Yahoo CEO Role] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328195321/http://searchengineland.com/report-marissa-mayer-leaving-google-for-yahoo-ceo-role-127752 |date=March 28, 2017}}." July 16, 2012 . Retrieved March 27, 2017.</ref>
 
In June 2013, Yahoo acquired [[blog]]ging site [[Tumblr]] for $1.1 billion in cash, with Tumblr's CEO and founder [[David Karp]] continuing to run the site.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jun-2013-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2033/0001193125-13-265912.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jun 20, 2013 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161138/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2033/0001193125-13-265912.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-May-2013-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2877/0001193125-13-227769.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 20, 2013 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161341/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2877/0001193125-13-227769.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lublin |first1=Joann S. |last2=Efrati | first2=Amir |last3=Ante |first3=Spencer E. |date=May 19, 2013 |title=Yahoo Deal Shows Power Shift |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324787004578493130789235150 |access-date=May 20, 2013 |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-access=subscription |location=New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203002523/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324787004578493130789235150 |archive-date=February 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/technology/yahoo-to-buy-tumblr--reports-2013052011 |work=3 News NZ |title=Yahoo to buy Tumblr&nbsp;– reports |date=May 20, 2013 |access-date=October 8, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130536/http://www.newshub.co.nz/technology/yahoo-to-buy-tumblr--reports-2013052011 |archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> In July 2013, Yahoo announced plans to open an office in San Francisco.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allthingsd.com/20130726/yahoo-plans-splashy-new-san-francisco-digs-and-dreams-of-neon-billboards-return/ |title=Yahoo Plans Splashy New San Francisco Digs (and Neon Billboard Dreams) |first=Kara |last=Swisher |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728071713/http://allthingsd.com/20130726/yahoo-plans-splashy-new-san-francisco-digs-and-dreams-of-neon-billboards-return/ |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |website=AllThingsD |date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=August 16, 2013 }}</ref>
 
On August 2, 2013, Yahoo acquired [[Rockmelt]]; its staff was retained, but all of its existing products were terminated.<ref name="tc-rockmelt">{{cite web |title=Yahoo Has Acquired Rockmelt, Apps to Shut Down on August 31st |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/02/yahoo-has-acquired-rockmelt-apps-to-shut-down-on-august-31st/ |website=TechCrunch |date=August 2, 2013 |access-date=February 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222105807/https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/02/yahoo-has-acquired-rockmelt-apps-to-shut-down-on-august-31st/ |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Data collated by comScore during July 2013 revealed that, during the month, more people in the U.S. visited Yahoo websites than Google; the first time that Yahoo outperformed Google since 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/08/21/technology/yahoo-traffic-google/index.html |title=Yahoo beats Google in traffic for first time in 2 years |work=[[CNN]] | date=August 21, 2013 |last=Hicken |first=Melanie |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051738/http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/21/technology/yahoo-traffic-google/index.html|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The data did not count mobile usage, nor Tumblr.<ref>{{cite news |title=Google Overtaken by Yahoo! in United States Site Visitors for First Time in Two Years |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/aug/22/yahoo-beats-google-website-visitors |access-date=August 24, 2013 |url-status=live |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |date=August 23, 2013 |last=Garside |first=Juliet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824063953/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/aug/22/yahoo-beats-google-website-visitors |archive-date=August 24, 2013}}</ref>
 
Mayer also hired [[Katie Couric]] to be the anchor of a new online news operation and started an online food magazine. However, by January 2014, doubts about Mayer's progress emerged when Mayer fired her own first major hire, Henrique de Castro.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bumps on a Road to Revival for Yahoo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/technology/yahoo-seeks-to-regain-its-touch.html |first1=Vindu |last1=Goel |first2=Claire Cain |last2=Miller |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 16, 2014 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224142253/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/technology/yahoo-seeks-to-regain-its-touch.html |archive-date=February 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>


On December 12, 2014, Yahoo acquired [[video advertising]] provider [[BrightRoll]] for $583 million.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Feb-2015-10-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/282/119312515066560/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 27, 2015 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224548/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/282/119312515066560/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>
On December 12, 2014, Yahoo acquired [[video advertising]] provider [[BrightRoll]] for $583 million.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Feb-2015-10-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/282/119312515066560/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 27, 2015 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224548/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/282/119312515066560/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>
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On November 21, 2014, Yahoo acquired [[Cooliris]].<ref>By TechCrunch "[https://techcrunch.com/2014/11/21/yahoo-acquires-cooliris/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706140746/https://techcrunch.com/2014/11/21/yahoo-acquires-cooliris/|date=July 6, 2017}}."</ref>
On November 21, 2014, Yahoo acquired [[Cooliris]].<ref>By TechCrunch "[https://techcrunch.com/2014/11/21/yahoo-acquires-cooliris/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706140746/https://techcrunch.com/2014/11/21/yahoo-acquires-cooliris/|date=July 6, 2017}}."</ref>


In August 2023, it was announced Yahoo had acquired the [[San Francisco]]-headquartered social investing platform, Commonstock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=Yahoo buys social investing platform Commonstock |url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/42836/yahoo-buys-social-investing-platform-commonstock |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Finextra Research |language=en |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824163804/https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/42836/yahoo-buys-social-investing-platform-commonstock |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Decline, sale, and post-acquisition era===
 
In April 2024, it was announced Yahoo had acquired the [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]-driven news aggregator app, [[Artifact (app)|Artifact]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pierce |first=David |date=2024-04-02 |title=Yahoo is buying Artifact, the AI news app from the Instagram co-founders |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/4/2/24118436/yahoo-news-artifact-acquisition |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=April 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403103518/https://www.theverge.com/2024/4/2/24118436/yahoo-news-artifact-acquisition |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
===Decline, security breaches, and sale===
{{Main|Yahoo data breaches}}
{{Main|Yahoo data breaches}}
By December 2015, Mayer was criticized as performance declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-marissa-mayer-yahoo-20151207-story.html |title=Scrutiny on Yahoo's Marissa Mayer grows more intense|last=McGregor|first=Jenna|date=December 7, 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208162739/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-marissa-mayer-yahoo-20151207-story.html|archive-date=December 8, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/s/yahoo-board-final-talks-fate-core-business-210206302--finance.html |title=Yahoo board in final talks on future of company |first=Deborah M. |last=Todd |date=December 5, 2015 |newspaper=Reuters |access-date=May 3, 2021 |archive-date=May 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503141535/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/s/yahoo-board-final-talks-fate-core-business-210206302--finance.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yahoo-divestiture-stock-idINKBN0TL1Y520151202 |title=With buyback help, Yahoo stock has soared under Mayer |last=Campos |first=Rodrigo |date=December 2, 2015 |work=Reuters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151206112140/http://news.yahoo.com/buyback-help-yahoo-stock-soared-under-mayer-165301156--finance.html |archive-date=December 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/yahoo-divestiture-verizon-idUSKBN0TQ2GU20151207 |title=Verizon could explore Yahoo's Internet business, CFO says |last1=Goliya |first1=Kshitiz |last2=Nayak |first2=Malathi |date=December 7, 2015 | work=[[Reuters]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209074431/http://www.reuters.com/article/yahoo-divestiture-verizon-idUSKBN0TQ2GU20151207#gV1SBexKJDkOShpR.97 |archive-date=December 9, 2015}}</ref> Mayer was ranked as the least likable CEO in tech.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/31/why-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-is-the-least-likable-ceo-in-tech.html | title=Why Marissa Mayer is the 'least likable' CEO in tech | first=Zameena | last=Mejia | work=[[CNBC]] | date=May 31, 2017 | access-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503051856/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/31/why-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-is-the-least-likable-ceo-in-tech.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/yahoo-marissa-mayer-rise-and-fall-2017-6 | title=The rise and fall of Marissa Mayer, the once-beloved CEO of Yahoo now pursuing her own venture | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=February 11, 2020 | access-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-date=March 18, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318082350/https://www.businessinsider.com/yahoo-marissa-mayer-rise-and-fall-2017-6 | url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2009, after months of negotiation, Yahoo and Microsoft finalized a 10-year agreement known as the '''Yahoo and Microsoft Search Alliance'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/technology/companies/29yahoo.html |title=Microsoft and Yahoo Seal Web Search Deal |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 29, 2009 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref> Under the terms of the alliance, Yahoo's websites would utilize Microsoft's [[Microsoft Bing|Bing]] for algorithmic search results, while Yahoo's sales team became the exclusive sales force for both companies' premium search advertisers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8174749.stm |title=Microsoft and Yahoo agree search deal |work=[[BBC News]] |date=July 29, 2009 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref> The partnership required a complex migration of Yahoo's search technology and advertising platform to Microsoft's adCenter (later rebranded to Bing Ads), with the transition for advertisers and organic search results completed in October 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/10/18/yahoo-microsoft-search-transition-complete/ |title=Yahoo And Microsoft Announce Search Alliance Transition Is Complete |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=October 18, 2010 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref>


On February 2, 2016, Mayer announced layoffs amounting to 15% of the Yahoo workforce.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/02/yahoo-earnings-cutting-workforce-closing-offices-tech | title=Yahoo cutting workforce by 15% after announcing $4.4bn loss | first1=Jana | last1=Kasperkevic | first2=Julia Carrie | last2=Wong | author2-link=Julia Carrie Wong | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=February 2, 2016 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=November 8, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108104805/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/02/yahoo-earnings-cutting-workforce-closing-offices-tech | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Carol Bartz]], former CEO of [[Autodesk]], replaced Yang as CEO in January 2009.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jan-2009-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/176/89161809000005/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jan 15, 2009 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161013/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/176/89161809000005/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> In September 2011, she was fired by chairman Roy J. Bostock. The dismissal happened over the phone, a fact Bartz promptly communicated to employees in a widely publicized company-wide email.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-22926 |title=Carol Bartz's 'I've Been Fired' Memo to Yahoo Staff |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 6, 2011 |access-date=2025-09-14}}</ref> CFO Tim Morse was named as Interim CEO of the company.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Sep-2011-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2534/0001193125-11-242088.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Sep 7, 2011 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224705/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2534/0001193125-11-242088.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/yahoo-reels-ceo-carol-bartz-fired-phone-sudden-shake-up-floundering-tech-giant-article-1.957011|title=Yahoo reels as CEO Carol Bartz fired on the phone in sudden shake-up at floundering tech giant|work=NY Daily News|access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051627/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/yahoo-reels-ceo-carol-bartz-fired-phone-sudden-shake-up-floundering-tech-giant-article-1.957011|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>


On July 25, 2016, [[Verizon Communications]] announced the acquisition of Yahoo's core Internet business for $4.83 billion.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2016-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/288/119312516656036/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 25, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224427/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/288/119312516656036/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html |title=Yahoo's Sale to Verizon Ends an Era for a Web Pioneer |last1=Goel |first1=Vindu| date=July 24, 2016 |last2=Merced|first2=Michael J. De La |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | url-access=subscription |issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727152338/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html |archive-date=July 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-verizon-buys-yahoo-20160725-snap-story.html|title=Verizon buys Yahoo for $4.8 billion, and it's giving Yahoo's brand another chance|last1=Lien|first1=Tracey|date=July 25, 2016|access-date=July 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725150235/http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-verizon-buys-yahoo-20160725-snap-story.html|archive-date=July 25, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/741056/the-stunning-collapse-of-yahoos-valuation/|title=The stunning collapse of Yahoo's valuation|first=Alison|last=Griswold|date=July 25, 2016 |access-date=August 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730012712/http://qz.com/741056/the-stunning-collapse-of-yahoos-valuation/|archive-date=July 30, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The deal excluded Yahoo's 15% stake in [[Alibaba Group]] and 35.5% stake in [[Yahoo Japan]].<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Aug-2016-DEFA14A">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1967/0001193125-16-666712.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form DEFA14A, Filing Date Aug 1, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161008/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1967/0001193125-16-666712.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2016-2-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2313/89882216000404/filing-main.htm |title=Verizon, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 25, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224457/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2313/89882216000404/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>
After the brief tenure of [[Scott Thompson (businessman)|Scott Thompson]], who was replaced on an interim basis by [[Ross Levinsohn]], Yahoo appointed [[Google]] executive [[Marissa Mayer]] as president and CEO, effective July 17, 2012.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2012-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/397/119312512307595/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 19, 2012 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161314/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/397/119312512307595/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>


On February 21, 2017, as a result of the [[Yahoo data breaches]], Verizon lowered its purchase price for Yahoo by $350 million and reached an agreement to share liabilities regarding the data breaches.<ref name="bloomberg-lower">{{cite web|title=Verizon Said to Near Yahoo Deal at Lower Price After Hacks|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal|last1=Moritz| first1=Scott |last2=Sherman| first2=Alex |last3=Womack|first3=Brian |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=February 15, 2017 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222111031/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal|archive-date=February 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="usatoday-verizonshaved">{{cite web|title=Verizon shaves $350 million from Yahoo price|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/02/21/verizon-shaves-350-million-yahoo-price/98188452/|last=Snider|first=Mike|work=USA Today|date=February 21, 2017|access-date=February 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053414/http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/02/21/verizon-shaves-350-million-yahoo-price/98188452/|archive-date=February 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Tenure of Marissa Mayer ====
Upon her arrival, Mayer implemented several significant cultural and strategic changes. One of her first major policy decisions in 2013 was to revoke the company's remote work option, requiring all employees to work from the office to foster a more collaborative culture.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allthingsd.com/20130222/physically-together-yahoos-memo-on-new-work-from-home-policy/ |title="Physically Together": Yahoo's Memo on New Work-From-Home Policy |work=AllThingsD |date=February 22, 2013 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref> She also initiated an aggressive acquisition strategy, purchasing over 50 startups, many of which were small, mobile-focused companies in an "acqui-hiring" approach to bring in new engineering talent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2016/07/25/inside-marissa-mayers-failed-5-billion-shopping-spree-at-yahoo/ |title=Inside Marissa Mayer's Failed $5 Billion Shopping Spree At Yahoo |work=[[Forbes]] |date=July 25, 2016 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref>


On June 13, 2017, Verizon completed the acquisition of Yahoo and [[Marissa Mayer]] resigned.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/13/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-marissa-mayer-resigns.html |title=Verizon completes acquisition of Yahoo as Marissa Mayer resigns|last=Kharpal |first=Arjun |work=CNBC |date=June 13, 2017 |access-date=June 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613125332/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/13/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-marissa-mayer-resigns.html |archive-date=June 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/13/technology/business/yahoo-verizon-deal-closes/index.html |title=End of an era: Yahoo is no longer an independent company |first=Seth |last=Fiegerman| work=[[CNN]] |date=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613154803/http://money.cnn.com/2017/06/13/technology/business/yahoo-verizon-deal-closes/index.html |archive-date=June 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2013, Yahoo acquired [[blog]]ging site [[Tumblr]] for $1.1 billion in cash.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jun-2013-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2033/0001193125-13-265912.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jun 20, 2013 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161138/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2033/0001193125-13-265912.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-May-2013-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2877/0001193125-13-227769.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 20, 2013 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161341/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2877/0001193125-13-227769.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> While the acquisition was intended to attract a younger audience, it failed to meet revenue targets. In 2016, Yahoo wrote down $712 million of Tumblr's value, acknowledging the acquisition had not paid off.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/verizon-writes-down-aol-yahoo-assets-1544541738 |title=Verizon Writes Down AOL, Yahoo Assets |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=December 11, 2018 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref> Verizon later sold Tumblr in 2019 for a fraction of its purchase price.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/12/20802619/tumblr-sale-automattic-wordpress-verizon-yahoo |title=Tumblr is sold to Automattic, owner of WordPress |work=[[The Verge]] |date=August 12, 2019 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref>


Yahoo, AOL, and [[HuffPost]] were to continue operating under their own names, under the umbrella of a new company, Oath Inc., later called [[Verizon Media]].<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2017-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2724/119312517237279/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 27, 2017 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224554/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2724/119312517237279/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="verge-oath">{{cite news|title=Verizon Announces New Name Brand for AOL and Yahoo: Oath|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/03/technology/verizon-oath-yahoo-aol.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 3, 2017 | url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404002605/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/03/technology/verizon-oath-yahoo-aol.html|archive-date=April 4, 2017|url-status=live |last1=Chokshi |first1=Niraj |last2=Goel |first2=Vindu}}</ref>
Mayer's efforts to revitalize company culture included a controversial quarterly performance review (QPR) system implemented in 2013. The system required managers to rank employees on a bell curve, with those at the bottom often being terminated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allthingsd.com/20121113/yahoos-new-hr-head-repeats-his-ge-past-with-controversial-ranking-system/ |title=Yahoo's New HR Head Repeats His GE Past With Controversial Ranking System |publisher=AllThingsD |date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=2025-09-15}}</ref> The policy was unpopular with many employees and led to a 2016 lawsuit from a former manager who alleged the system was used to conduct illegal mass layoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/08/technology/lawsuit-claims-yahoos-rating-system-was-rigged-to-allow-firings.html |title=Lawsuit Claims Yahoo's Rating System Was Rigged to Allow Firings |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 7, 2016 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/10/18/former-yahoo-exec-describes-brutal-and-flawed-marissa-mayer-era-employee-ranking-system-in-court-filing/ |title=Former Yahoo exec describes 'brutal' Marissa Mayer-era employee-ranking system |work=[[The Mercury News]] |date=October 18, 2016 |access-date=September 15, 2025}}</ref>


The parts of the original Yahoo! Inc. which were not purchased by [[Verizon Communications]] were renamed [[Altaba]], which was later liquidated, making a final distribution in October 2020.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201026005548/en/Altaba-Announces-Liquidating-Distribution-of-8.33-Per-Share | title=Altaba Announces Liquidating Distribution of $8.33 Per Share | publisher=[[Business Wire]] | date=October 26, 2020 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=April 18, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418065904/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201026005548/en/Altaba-Announces-Liquidating-Distribution-of-8.33-Per-Share | url-status=live }}</ref>
Despite some positive metrics, such as a temporary increase in website traffic in 2013,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/08/21/technology/yahoo-traffic-google/index.html |title=Yahoo beats Google in traffic for first time in 2 years |work=[[CNN]] | date=August 21, 2013 |last=Hicken |first=Melanie |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051738/http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/21/technology/yahoo-traffic-google/index.html|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> the turnaround effort stalled. By January 2014, doubts about Mayer's progress emerged when she fired her high-profile COO hire, Henrique de Castro.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bumps on a Road to Revival for Yahoo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/technology/yahoo-seeks-to-regain-its-touch.html |first1=Vindu |last1=Goel |first2=Claire Cain |last2=Miller |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 16, 2014 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224142253/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/technology/yahoo-seeks-to-regain-its-touch.html |archive-date=February 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> By December 2015, Mayer was facing intense criticism as performance declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-marissa-mayer-yahoo-20151207-story.html |title=Scrutiny on Yahoo's Marissa Mayer grows more intense|last=McGregor|first=Jenna|date=December 7, 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208162739/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-marissa-mayer-yahoo-20151207-story.html|archive-date=December 8, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2016, Mayer announced layoffs amounting to 15% of the Yahoo workforce.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/02/yahoo-earnings-cutting-workforce-closing-offices-tech | title=Yahoo cutting workforce by 15% after announcing $4.4bn loss | first1=Jana | last1=Kasperkevic | first2=Julia Carrie | last2=Wong | author2-link=Julia Carrie Wong | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=February 2, 2016 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=November 8, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108104805/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/02/yahoo-earnings-cutting-workforce-closing-offices-tech | url-status=live }}</ref>


In September 2021, [[investment fund]]s managed by [[Apollo Global Management]] acquired 90% of Yahoo.<ref name=owneragain>{{cite news |last=Mihalcik |first=Carrie |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-officially-has-a-new-owner-again/ |title=Yahoo has a new owner, again |work=[[CNET]] |date=September 1, 2021 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907125550/https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-officially-has-a-new-owner-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://www.apollo.com/stockholders/press-releases/2021/09-01-2021-161530593 | title=Apollo Funds Complete Acquisition of Yahoo | publisher=[[Apollo Global Management]] | date=September 1, 2021 | access-date=September 11, 2021 | archive-date=September 1, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901172048/https://www.apollo.com/stockholders/press-releases/2021/09-01-2021-161530593 | url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Sale to Verizon ====
On July 25, 2016, [[Verizon Communications]] announced the acquisition of Yahoo's core Internet business for $4.83 billion.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2016-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/288/119312516656036/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 25, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224427/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/288/119312516656036/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html |title=Yahoo's Sale to Verizon Ends an Era for a Web Pioneer |last1=Goel |first1=Vindu| date=July 24, 2016 |last2=de la Merced|first2=Michael J. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | url-access=subscription |issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727152338/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html |archive-date=July 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The deal, which excluded Yahoo's stakes in [[Alibaba Group]] and [[Yahoo Japan]], was delayed by the revelation of major data breaches.<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Aug-2016-DEFA14A">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1967/0001193125-16-666712.pdf |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form DEFA14A, Filing Date Aug 1, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161008/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1967/0001193125-16-666712.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2016-2-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2313/89882216000404/filing-main.htm |title=Verizon, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 25, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224457/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2313/89882216000404/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> On February 21, 2017, Verizon lowered its purchase price for Yahoo by $350 million and reached an agreement to share liabilities regarding the data breaches.<ref name="bloomberg-lower">{{cite web|title=Verizon Said to Near Yahoo Deal at Lower Price After Hacks|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal|last1=Moritz| first1=Scott |last2=Sherman| first2=Alex |last3=Womack|first3=Brian |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=February 15, 2017 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222111031/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal|archive-date=February 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="usatoday-verizonshaved">{{cite web|title=Verizon shaves $350 million from Yahoo price|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/02/21/verizon-shaves-350-million-yahoo-price/98188452/|last=Snider|first=Mike|work=USA Today|date=February 21, 2017|access-date=February 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053414/http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/02/21/verizon-shaves-350-million-yahoo-price/98188452/|archive-date=February 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 13, 2017, Verizon completed the acquisition and Marissa Mayer resigned.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/13/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-marissa-mayer-resigns.html |title=Verizon completes acquisition of Yahoo as Marissa Mayer resigns|last=Kharpal |first=Arjun |work=CNBC |date=June 13, 2017 |access-date=June 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613125332/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/13/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-marissa-mayer-resigns.html |archive-date=June 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/13/technology/business/yahoo-verizon-deal-closes/index.html |title=End of an era: Yahoo is no longer an independent company |first=Seth |last=Fiegerman| work=[[CNN]] |date=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613154803/http://money.cnn.com/2017/06/13/technology/business/yahoo-verizon-deal-closes/index.html |archive-date=June 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>


In November 2021, Yahoo announced that it was ending operations in mainland China due to the increasingly challenging business and legal environment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 3, 2021|title=Yahoo pulls out of China, citing 'challenging' environment|url=https://apnews.com/article/yahoo-inc-leaving-china-f3b589754224bc663d5e83ec385eb49a|author=Soo, Zen|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=Associated Press|archive-date=November 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114125633/https://apnews.com/article/yahoo-inc-leaving-china-f3b589754224bc663d5e83ec385eb49a|url-status=live}}</ref> Previously, the company discontinued China Yahoo Mail on August 20, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=China Yahoo! Mail is closing|url=http://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_MAIL_ML&locale=en_US&id=SLN14734|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422142938/http://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_MAIL_ML&locale=en_US&id=SLN14734|publisher=Yahoo!|date=April 17, 2013|archive-date=April 22, 2013|access-date=March 24, 2022|author=The China Yahoo! Mail Team}}</ref>
Yahoo, AOL, and [[HuffPost]] were then combined under a new company, Oath Inc., later called [[Verizon Media]].<ref name="Yahoo!-Inc-Jul-2017-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2724/119312517237279/filing-main.htm |title=Yahoo! Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 27, 2017 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224554/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2724/119312517237279/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="verge-oath">{{cite news|title=Verizon Announces New Name Brand for AOL and Yahoo: Oath|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/03/technology/verizon-oath-yahoo-aol.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 3, 2017 | url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404002605/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/03/technology/verizon-oath-yahoo-aol.html|archive-date=April 4, 2017|url-status=live |last1=Chokshi |first1=Niraj |last2=Goel |first2=Vindu}}</ref> The parts of the original Yahoo! Inc. not purchased by Verizon were renamed [[Altaba]] and liquidated in 2020.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201026005548/en/Altaba-Announces-Liquidating-Distribution-of-8.33-Per-Share | title=Altaba Announces Liquidating Distribution of $8.33 Per Share | publisher=[[Business Wire]] | date=October 26, 2020 | access-date=February 21, 2021 | archive-date=April 18, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418065904/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201026005548/en/Altaba-Announces-Liquidating-Distribution-of-8.33-Per-Share | url-status=live }}</ref>


In 2023, Yahoo announced that it would cut 20% of its workforce. The move followed mass layoffs from other tech giants including [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[Twitter, Inc.|Twitter, Inc]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]], and [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]. The company is set to lay off roughly 1,000 staff members of their 8,600 workers.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Tech Layoffs: Yahoo to Slash 20% of Its Workforce |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-64596061 |access-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212070840/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-64596061 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Post-Verizon era ====
In September 2021, [[investment fund]]s managed by [[Apollo Global Management]] acquired 90% of Yahoo.<ref name="owneragain">{{cite news |last=Mihalcik |first=Carrie |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-officially-has-a-new-owner-again/ |title=Yahoo has a new owner, again |work=[[CNET]] |date=September 1, 2021 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907125550/https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-officially-has-a-new-owner-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2021, Yahoo announced that it was ending operations in mainland China due to the increasingly challenging business and legal environment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 3, 2021|title=Yahoo pulls out of China, citing 'challenging' environment|url=https://apnews.com/article/yahoo-inc-leaving-china-f3b589754224bc663d5e83ec385eb49a|author=Soo, Zen|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=Associated Press|archive-date=November 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114125633/https://apnews.com/article/yahoo-inc-leaving-china-f3b589754224bc663d5e83ec385eb49a|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Products and services==
In February 2023, Yahoo announced plans to lay off 20% of its total workforce by the end of the year, impacting more than 1,600 employees, as part of a major restructuring of its ad tech division.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/02/09/yahoo-layoffs-ad-tech |title=Exclusive: Yahoo to lay off 20% of staff |publisher=Axios |date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=2025-09-14}}</ref> Following the acquisition by Apollo, CEO [[Jim Lanzone]] initiated a strategy focused on a potential "turnaround", emphasizing the integration of [[artificial intelligence]] across Yahoo's products.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/05/21/yahoo-news-artifact-ai-redesign |title=Exclusive: Yahoo News revamps with AI help from Artifact |publisher=Axios |date=May 21, 2024 |access-date=2025-09-14}}</ref> This strategy included several key acquisitions, such as Commonstock in 2023 and the AI-driven news platform Artifact in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/08/24/yahoo-snaps-up-social-investing-platform-commonstock-to-power-its-finance-hub/ |title=Yahoo snaps up social investing platform Commonstock to power its finance hub |publisher=TechCrunch |date=August 24, 2023 |access-date=2025-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/4/2/24118625/yahoo-artifact-ai-news-app-instagram-cofounders |title=Yahoo is buying Artifact, the AI news app from the Instagram co-founders |publisher=The Verge |date=April 2, 2024 |access-date=2025-09-14}}</ref>
For a list of all current and defunct services offered by Yahoo, see [[List of Yahoo-owned sites and services]].


==Data breaches==
==Data breaches==

Latest revision as of 03:54, 8 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Protection padlock Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "check for clobbered parameters".

Yahoo (Template:IPAc-en, styled yahoo! in its logo)[1] is an American web portal that provides the search engine Yahoo Search and related services including My Yahoo, Yahoo Mail, Yahoo News, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Sports, y!entertainment, yahoo!life,[2] and its advertising platform, Yahoo Native. It is operated by the namesake company Yahoo! Inc., which is 90% owned by Apollo Global Management and 10% by Verizon.

Yahoo was established by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in the 1990s.[3] However, its use declined in the 2010s as some of its services were discontinued, and it lost market share to Facebook and Google.[4][5]

Etymology

The word "yahoo" is a backronym for "Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle"[6] or "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle".[7] The term "hierarchical" described how the Yahoo database was arranged in layers of subcategories. The term "oracle" was intended to mean "source of truth and wisdom", and the term "officious", rather than being related to the word's normal meaning, described the many office workers who would use the Yahoo database while surfing from work.[8] However, founders Filo and Yang insist they mainly selected the name because they liked the slang definition of a "yahoo" (used by college students in David Filo's native Louisiana in the late 1980s and early 1990s to refer to an unsophisticated, rural Southerner): "rude, unsophisticated, uncouth."[9] This meaning derives from the Yahoo race of fictional beings from Gulliver's Travels.

History

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Founding

File:Jerry Yang and David Filo.jpg
Jerry Yang and David Filo, the founders of Yahoo
File:Yahoo screenshot 1994.png
The Yahoo home page in 1994, when it was a directory. A search engine was added in 1995.

In January 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University, when they created a website named "Jerry and David's guide to the World Wide Web".[10][11][12][13] The site was a human-edited web directory, organized in a hierarchy, as opposed to a searchable index of pages. In March 1994, "Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web" was renamed "Yahoo!" and became known as the Yahoo Directory.[11][14][15][16][17] The "yahoo.com" domain was registered on January 18, 1995.[18]

Yahoo was incorporated on March 2, 1995. In 1995, a search engine function, called Yahoo Search, was introduced. This allowed users to search Yahoo Directory.[19][20] Yahoo soon became the first popular online directory and search engine on the World Wide Web.[21]

Expansion

File:Countries on Yahoo.svg
Map showing localized versions of Yahoo web portals, as of 2023
File:Yahoo! (4855962154).jpg
Yahoo sign at Times Square, 2010

Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s. Yahoo became a public company via an initial public offering in April 1996 and its stock price rose 600% within two years.[22] Like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal, putting it in competition with services including Excite, Lycos, and America Online.[23] By 1998, Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users,[24] and the human-edited Yahoo Directory the most popular search engine,[16] receiving 95 million page views per day, triple that of rival Excite.[22] It also made many high-profile acquisitions. Yahoo began offering free e-mail from October 1997 after the acquisition of RocketMail, which was then renamed to Yahoo Mail.[25] In 1998, Yahoo replaced AltaVista as the crawler-based search engine underlying the Directory with Inktomi.[26] Yahoo's two biggest acquisitions were made in 1999: GeoCities for $3.6 billion[27] and Broadcast.com for $5.7 billion.[28]

Its stock price skyrocketed during the dot-com bubble, closing at an all-time high of $118.75/share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $8.11 on September 26, 2001.[29]

Missed acquisitions of Google

Yahoo had two critical opportunities to acquire Google that it did not pursue. In 1998, Google's founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin approached Yahoo to sell their nascent search engine for $1 million, but Yahoo declined the offer.[30][31]

A more significant opportunity arose in 2002, when Yahoo's then-CEO, Terry Semel, entered into negotiations to purchase Google. Google was reportedly seeking a price of $5 billion. After weeks of negotiation, Yahoo's final offer was $3 billion, a figure that Google's leadership rejected, leading them to terminate the deal.[30] The failure to acquire Google in this second instance is widely considered one of the largest strategic errors in corporate history.[32]

Yahoo began using Google for search in June 2000.[33][34] Over the next four years, it developed its own search technologies, which it began using in 2004 partly using technology from its $280 million acquisition of Inktomi in 2002.[35] In 2003, Yahoo acquired Overture Services, Inc. (formerly GoTo.com) for $1.63 billion.[36] The deal was a strategic move to bolster its search advertising revenue in the face of growing competition from Google, as Overture was a pioneer in pay-per-click advertising.[37] In response to Google's Gmail, Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in 2007. In 2008, the company laid off hundreds of people as it struggled from competition.[38]

In February 2008, Microsoft made an unsolicited bid to acquire Yahoo for $44.6 billion.[39][40] Yahoo rejected the bid, claiming that it "substantially undervalues" the company and was not in the interest of its shareholders. Although Microsoft increased its bid to $47 billion, Yahoo insisted on another 10%+ increase to the offer and Microsoft cancelled the offer in May 2008.[41][42][43][44]

On December 12, 2014, Yahoo acquired video advertising provider BrightRoll for $583 million.[45]

On November 21, 2014, Yahoo acquired Cooliris.[46]

Decline, sale, and post-acquisition era

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In July 2009, after months of negotiation, Yahoo and Microsoft finalized a 10-year agreement known as the Yahoo and Microsoft Search Alliance.[47] Under the terms of the alliance, Yahoo's websites would utilize Microsoft's Bing for algorithmic search results, while Yahoo's sales team became the exclusive sales force for both companies' premium search advertisers.[48] The partnership required a complex migration of Yahoo's search technology and advertising platform to Microsoft's adCenter (later rebranded to Bing Ads), with the transition for advertisers and organic search results completed in October 2010.[49]

Carol Bartz, former CEO of Autodesk, replaced Yang as CEO in January 2009.[50] In September 2011, she was fired by chairman Roy J. Bostock. The dismissal happened over the phone, a fact Bartz promptly communicated to employees in a widely publicized company-wide email.[51] CFO Tim Morse was named as Interim CEO of the company.[52][53]

After the brief tenure of Scott Thompson, who was replaced on an interim basis by Ross Levinsohn, Yahoo appointed Google executive Marissa Mayer as president and CEO, effective July 17, 2012.[54]

Tenure of Marissa Mayer

Upon her arrival, Mayer implemented several significant cultural and strategic changes. One of her first major policy decisions in 2013 was to revoke the company's remote work option, requiring all employees to work from the office to foster a more collaborative culture.[55] She also initiated an aggressive acquisition strategy, purchasing over 50 startups, many of which were small, mobile-focused companies in an "acqui-hiring" approach to bring in new engineering talent.[56]

In June 2013, Yahoo acquired blogging site Tumblr for $1.1 billion in cash.[57][58] While the acquisition was intended to attract a younger audience, it failed to meet revenue targets. In 2016, Yahoo wrote down $712 million of Tumblr's value, acknowledging the acquisition had not paid off.[59] Verizon later sold Tumblr in 2019 for a fraction of its purchase price.[60]

Mayer's efforts to revitalize company culture included a controversial quarterly performance review (QPR) system implemented in 2013. The system required managers to rank employees on a bell curve, with those at the bottom often being terminated.[61] The policy was unpopular with many employees and led to a 2016 lawsuit from a former manager who alleged the system was used to conduct illegal mass layoffs.[62][63]

Despite some positive metrics, such as a temporary increase in website traffic in 2013,[64] the turnaround effort stalled. By January 2014, doubts about Mayer's progress emerged when she fired her high-profile COO hire, Henrique de Castro.[65] By December 2015, Mayer was facing intense criticism as performance declined.[66] In February 2016, Mayer announced layoffs amounting to 15% of the Yahoo workforce.[67]

Sale to Verizon

On July 25, 2016, Verizon Communications announced the acquisition of Yahoo's core Internet business for $4.83 billion.[68][69] The deal, which excluded Yahoo's stakes in Alibaba Group and Yahoo Japan, was delayed by the revelation of major data breaches.[70][71] On February 21, 2017, Verizon lowered its purchase price for Yahoo by $350 million and reached an agreement to share liabilities regarding the data breaches.[72][73] On June 13, 2017, Verizon completed the acquisition and Marissa Mayer resigned.[74][75]

Yahoo, AOL, and HuffPost were then combined under a new company, Oath Inc., later called Verizon Media.[76][77] The parts of the original Yahoo! Inc. not purchased by Verizon were renamed Altaba and liquidated in 2020.[78]

Post-Verizon era

In September 2021, investment funds managed by Apollo Global Management acquired 90% of Yahoo.[79] In November 2021, Yahoo announced that it was ending operations in mainland China due to the increasingly challenging business and legal environment.[80]

In February 2023, Yahoo announced plans to lay off 20% of its total workforce by the end of the year, impacting more than 1,600 employees, as part of a major restructuring of its ad tech division.[81] Following the acquisition by Apollo, CEO Jim Lanzone initiated a strategy focused on a potential "turnaround", emphasizing the integration of artificial intelligence across Yahoo's products.[82] This strategy included several key acquisitions, such as Commonstock in 2023 and the AI-driven news platform Artifact in 2024.[83][84]

Data breaches

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On September 22, 2016, Yahoo disclosed a data breach that occurred in late 2014, in which information associated with at least 500 million user accounts,[85][86] one of the largest breaches reported to date.[87] The United States indicted four men, including two employees of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB), for their involvement in the hack.[88][89] On December 14, 2016, the company revealed that another separate data breach had occurred in 2014, with hackers obtaining sensitive account information, including security questions, to at least one billion accounts.[90] The company stated that hackers had utilized stolen internal software to forge HTTP cookies.[91][92]

On October 3, 2017, the company stated that all 3 billion of its user accounts were affected by the August 2013 theft.[93][94][95][96][97]

Criticism

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DMCA notice to whistleblower

On November 30, 2009, Yahoo was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation for sending a DMCA notice to whistleblower website "Cryptome" for publicly posting details, prices, and procedures on obtaining private information pertaining to Yahoo's subscribers.[98]

Censorship of private emails affiliated with Occupy Wall Street protests

After some concerns over censorship of private emails regarding a website affiliated with Occupy Wall Street protests were raised, Yahoo responded with an apology and explained it as an accident.[99][100][101]

Partners and sponsorships

File:DUBLIN PRIDE 2015 ( YAHOO! WERE THERE - WERE YOU?)-106289 (19257385102).jpg
The 2015 Dublin LGBTQ Pride Festival, sponsored by Yahoo

On September 11, 2001, Yahoo announced its partnership with FIFA for the 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2006 FIFA World Cup tournaments. It was one of FIFA's 15 partners at the tournaments. The deal included co-branding the organization's websites.[102]

Yahoo sponsored the 2012 Sundance Film Festival.[103] NBC Sports Group aligned with Yahoo Sports the same year with content and program offerings on mobile and desktop platforms.[104]

Yahoo announced television video partnerships in 2013 with Condé Nast,[105] WWE, ABC NEWS, and CNBC.[106] Yahoo entered into a 10-year collaboration in 2014, as a founding partner of Levi's Stadium, home of the San Francisco 49ers.[107]

The National Basketball Association partnered with Yahoo Sports to stream games, offer virtual and augmented-reality fan experiences, and in 2018 NBA League Pass.[108][109] Yahoo Sportsbook launched in November 2019, a collaboration with BetMGM.[110][111]

BuzzFeed acquired HuffPost from Yahoo in November 2020, in a stock deal with Yahoo as a minority shareholder.[112][113] The NFL partnered with Yahoo in 2020, to introduce a new "Watch Together" function on the Yahoo Sports app for interactive co-viewing through a synchronized livestream of local and primetime NFL games.[114] The Paley Center for Media collaborated with Verizon Media to exclusively stream programs on Yahoo platforms beginning in 2020.[115]

Yahoo became the main sponsor for the Pramac Racing team and the first title sponsor for the 2021 ESport/MotoGP Championship season.[116] Yahoo, the official partner for the September 2021 New York Fashion Week event also unveiled sponsorship for the Rebecca Minkoff collection via a NFT space.[117] In September 2021, it was announced that Yahoo partnered with Shopify, connecting the e-commerce merchants on Yahoo Finance, AOL and elsewhere.[118]

See also

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References

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External links

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Template:Yahoo Template:Verizon Media Template:Dot-com Bubble Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Template:Trim Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b The Yahoo Directory — Once The Internet's Most Important Search Engine — Is To Close Template:Webarchive September 26, 2014, retrieved on June 3, 2017
  17. ↑ Yahoo schließt seinen Katalog Template:Webarchive from golem.de, September 27, 2014, retrieved on June 3, 2017
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  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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