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In [[Lakota religion|Lakota spirituality]], '''''Wakan Tanka''''' ([[Lakota language#Orthography|Standard Lakota Orthography]]: '''''Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka''''') is the term for the [[sacred]] or the [[divinity|divine]].<ref>The Indians' Book. Edited by [[Natalie Curtis Burlin]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WcYWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA38 p38]-40</ref><ref>Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 4. [[Smithsonian Institution]], 1852. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dmISAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302 p302]</ref> This is usually translated as the "[[Great Spirit]]" and occasionally as "Great Mystery". | In [[Lakota religion|Lakota spirituality]], '''''Wakan Tanka''''' ([[Lakota language#Orthography|Standard Lakota Orthography]]: '''''Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka''''') is the term for the [[sacred]] or the [[divinity|divine]].<ref>The Indians' Book. Edited by [[Natalie Curtis Burlin]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WcYWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA38 p38]-40</ref><ref>Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 4. [[Smithsonian Institution]], 1852. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dmISAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302 p302]</ref> This is usually translated as the "[[Great Spirit]]" and occasionally as "Great Mystery". | ||
''Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka'' can be interpreted as the power or the sacredness that resides in everything, resembling some [[Animism|animistic]] and [[Pantheism|pantheistic]] beliefs. This term describes every creature and object as ''wakȟáŋ'' ("holy") or having aspects that are ''wakȟáŋ''.<ref name="Rice" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqoUAAAAYAAJ|title=The Holy Bible, in the language of the Dakotas: translated out of the original tongues|date=1883|language=en}}</ref> The element ''Tanka'' or ''Tȟáŋka'' corresponds to "Great" or "large".<ref name=great>{{cite web|url=https://www.lakotadictionary.org/phpBB3/nldo.php |title=Great |publisher=New Lakota Dictionary Online |access-date=2019-07-11}}</ref> | ''Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka'' can be interpreted as the power or the sacredness that resides in everything, resembling some [[Animism|animistic]] and [[Pantheism|pantheistic]] beliefs. This term describes every creature and object as ''wakȟáŋ'' ("holy") or having aspects that are ''wakȟáŋ''.<ref name="Rice" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqoUAAAAYAAJ|title=The Holy Bible, in the language of the Dakotas: translated out of the original tongues|date=1883|language=en}}</ref> The element ''Tanka'' or ''Tȟáŋka'' corresponds to "Great" or "large".<ref name=great>{{cite web |url=https://www.lakotadictionary.org/phpBB3/nldo.php |title=Great |publisher=New Lakota Dictionary Online |access-date=2019-07-11 |archive-date=2020-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924041513/https://www.lakotadictionary.org/phpBB3/nldo.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
Before contact with European Christian missionaries, the Lakota used ''Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka'' to refer to an [[Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)|organization]] or [[polytheism|group of sacred entities]] whose ways were mysterious: thus, "The Great Mystery".<ref>Helen Wheeler Bassett, [[Frederick Starr]]. The International Folk-lore Congress of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]], Chicago, July, 1893. Charles H. Sergel Company, 1898. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cYTYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA221 p221]-226</ref> Activist [[Russell Means]] also promoted the translation "Great Mystery" and the view that Lakota spirituality is not [[monotheistic]].<ref name="Rice">{{cite book |title= Before the great spirit: the many faces of Sioux spirituality |last= Rice |first= Julian |year= 1998 |publisher= University of New Mexico Press |isbn= 0-8263-1868-1}}</ref> | Before contact with European Christian missionaries, the Lakota used ''Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka'' to refer to an [[Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)|organization]] or [[polytheism|group of sacred entities]] whose ways were mysterious: thus, "The Great Mystery".<ref>Helen Wheeler Bassett, [[Frederick Starr]]. The International Folk-lore Congress of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]], Chicago, July, 1893. Charles H. Sergel Company, 1898. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cYTYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA221 p221]-226</ref> Activist [[Russell Means]] also promoted the translation "Great Mystery" and the view that Lakota spirituality is not [[monotheistic]].<ref name="Rice">{{cite book |title= Before the great spirit: the many faces of Sioux spirituality |last= Rice |first= Julian |year= 1998 |publisher= University of New Mexico Press |isbn= 0-8263-1868-1}}</ref> | ||
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{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Gods of the | [[Category:Gods of the Indigenous peoples of North America]] | ||
[[Category:Lakota culture]] | [[Category:Lakota culture]] | ||
[[Category:Lakota words and phrases]] | [[Category:Lakota words and phrases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:50, 4 September 2025
Script error: No such module "Italic title". Template:Short description In Lakota spirituality, Wakan Tanka (Standard Lakota Orthography: Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka) is the term for the sacred or the divine.[1][2] This is usually translated as the "Great Spirit" and occasionally as "Great Mystery".
Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka can be interpreted as the power or the sacredness that resides in everything, resembling some animistic and pantheistic beliefs. This term describes every creature and object as wakȟáŋ ("holy") or having aspects that are wakȟáŋ.[3][4] The element Tanka or Tȟáŋka corresponds to "Great" or "large".[5]
Before contact with European Christian missionaries, the Lakota used Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka to refer to an organization or group of sacred entities whose ways were mysterious: thus, "The Great Mystery".[6] Activist Russell Means also promoted the translation "Great Mystery" and the view that Lakota spirituality is not monotheistic.[3]
Cognate terms in other languages
Siouan: Wakan Tanka or Wakan is also known as Wakanda in the Omaha-Ponca, Ioway-Otoe-Missouri, Kansa and Osage languages; and Wakatakeh in Quapaw.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
See also
References
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- ↑ The Indians' Book. Edited by Natalie Curtis Burlin. p38-40
- ↑ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 4. Smithsonian Institution, 1852. p302
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Helen Wheeler Bassett, Frederick Starr. The International Folk-lore Congress of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, July, 1893. Charles H. Sergel Company, 1898. p221-226
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