Sverdrup: Difference between revisions
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In [[oceanography]], the '''sverdrup''' (symbol: '''Sv''') is a non-[[International System of Units|SI]] [[Metric_units#Volume_flow_rate|metric unit]] of [[volumetric flow rate]], with {{val|1|u=Sv}} equal to {{convert|1|e6m3/s|cuft/s|0}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/glossary.html#S |title=Glossary |website=Ocean Surface Currents |publisher=[[University of Miami]] [[Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science]] |access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecoworld.com/technology/sverdrups-brine.html |title=Sverdrups & Brine |website=Ecoworld |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120155822/http://www.ecoworld.com/technology/sverdrups-brine.html |archive-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 August 2017 }}</ref> It is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic [[hectometer]] per second (symbol: hm<sup>3</sup>/s or hm<sup>3</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup>): {{val|1|u=Sv}} is equal to {{val|1|u=hm<sup>3</sup>/s}}. It is used almost exclusively in [[oceanography]] to measure the volumetric rate of transport of [[ocean current]]s. It is named after [[Harald Sverdrup (oceanographer)|Harald Sverdrup]]. | In [[oceanography]], the '''sverdrup''' (symbol: '''Sv''') is a non-[[International System of Units|SI]] [[Metric_units#Volume_flow_rate|metric unit]] of [[volumetric flow rate]], with {{val|1|u=Sv}} equal to {{convert|1|e6m3/s|cuft/s|0}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/glossary.html#S |title=Glossary |website=Ocean Surface Currents |publisher=[[University of Miami]] [[Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science]] |access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecoworld.com/technology/sverdrups-brine.html |title=Sverdrups & Brine |website=Ecoworld |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120155822/http://www.ecoworld.com/technology/sverdrups-brine.html |archive-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 August 2017 }}</ref> It is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic [[hectometer]] per second (symbol: hm<sup>3</sup>/s or hm<sup>3</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup>): {{val|1|u=Sv}} is equal to {{val|1|u=hm<sup>3</sup>/s}}. It is used almost exclusively in [[oceanography]] to measure the volumetric rate of transport of [[ocean current]]s. It is named after [[Harald Sverdrup (oceanographer)|Harald Sverdrup]]. | ||
One sverdrup is about five times what is carried at the estuary by the world's largest river, the Amazon. In the context of [[ocean current]]s, a volume of one million cubic meters may be imagined as a "slice" of ocean with dimensions {{val|1|ul=km}} × {{val|1|u=km}} × {{val|1|u=m}} (width × length × thickness) or a cube with dimensions {{val|100|u=m}} × {{val|100|u=m}} × {{val|100|u=m}}. At this scale, these units can be more easily compared in terms of width of the current (several km), depth (hundreds of meters), and current speed (as [[velocity|meters per second]]). Thus, a hypothetical current {{val|50|u=km}} wide, {{val|500|u=m}} ({{val|0.5|u=k}}m) deep, and moving at {{val|2|u=m/s}} would be transporting {{val|50|u=Sv}} of water. | One sverdrup is about five times what is carried at the estuary by the world's largest river, the [[Amazon River|Amazon]]. In the context of [[ocean current]]s, a volume of one million cubic meters may be imagined as a "slice" of ocean with dimensions {{val|1|ul=km}} × {{val|1|u=km}} × {{val|1|u=m}} (width × length × thickness) or a cube with dimensions {{val|100|u=m}} × {{val|100|u=m}} × {{val|100|u=m}}. At this scale, these units can be more easily compared in terms of width of the current (several km), depth (hundreds of meters), and current speed (as [[velocity|meters per second]]). Thus, a hypothetical current {{val|50|u=km}} wide, {{val|500|u=m}} ({{val|0.5|u=k}}m) deep, and moving at {{val|2|u=m/s}} would be transporting {{val|50|u=Sv}} of water. | ||
The sverdrup is distinct from the SI [[sievert]] unit or the non-SI [[svedberg]] unit. All three use the same symbol, but they are not related. | The sverdrup is distinct from the SI [[sievert]] unit or the non-SI [[svedberg]] unit. All three use the same symbol, but they are not related. | ||
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The sverdrup is named in honor of the Norwegian oceanographer, meteorologist and polar explorer [[Harald Sverdrup (oceanographer)|Harald Ulrik Sverdrup]] (1888–1957), who wrote the 1942 volume ''The Oceans, Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology'' together with Martin W. Johnson and Richard H. Fleming.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Eldevik |first1=Tor |last2=Haugan |first2=Peter Mosby |date=2020-04-06 |title=That's a lot of water |journal=Nature Physics |language=en |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=496 |doi=10.1038/s41567-020-0866-0 |s2cid=216292609 |issn=1745-2481|doi-access=free }}</ref> | The sverdrup is named in honor of the Norwegian oceanographer, meteorologist and polar explorer [[Harald Sverdrup (oceanographer)|Harald Ulrik Sverdrup]] (1888–1957), who wrote the 1942 volume ''The Oceans, Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology'' together with Martin W. Johnson and Richard H. Fleming.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Eldevik |first1=Tor |last2=Haugan |first2=Peter Mosby |date=2020-04-06 |title=That's a lot of water |journal=Nature Physics |language=en |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=496 |doi=10.1038/s41567-020-0866-0 |s2cid=216292609 |issn=1745-2481|doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
In the 1950s and early 1960s both Soviet and North American scientists contemplated the damming of the | In the 1950s and early 1960s both Soviet and North American scientists contemplated the [[Bering_Strait#Proposed_geological_engineering|damming of the Bering Strait]], thus enabling temperate Atlantic water to heat up the cold [[Arctic Sea]] and, the theory went, making Siberia and northern Canada more habitable. As part of the North American team, Canadian oceanographer Maxwell Dunbar found it "very cumbersome" to repeatedly reference millions of cubic meters per second. He casually suggested that as a new unit of water flow, "the inflow through Bering Strait is one sverdrup". At the Arctic Basin Symposium in October 1962, the unit came into general usage.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
Latest revision as of 08:05, 29 August 2025
Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:Short description Template:Infobox unit In oceanography, the sverdrup (symbol: Sv) is a non-SI metric unit of volumetric flow rate, with Template:Val equal to Template:Convert.[1][2] It is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic hectometer per second (symbol: hm3/s or hm3⋅s−1): Template:Val is equal to Template:Val. It is used almost exclusively in oceanography to measure the volumetric rate of transport of ocean currents. It is named after Harald Sverdrup.
One sverdrup is about five times what is carried at the estuary by the world's largest river, the Amazon. In the context of ocean currents, a volume of one million cubic meters may be imagined as a "slice" of ocean with dimensions Template:Val × Template:Val × Template:Val (width × length × thickness) or a cube with dimensions Template:Val × Template:Val × Template:Val. At this scale, these units can be more easily compared in terms of width of the current (several km), depth (hundreds of meters), and current speed (as meters per second). Thus, a hypothetical current Template:Val wide, Template:Val (Template:Valm) deep, and moving at Template:Val would be transporting Template:Val of water.
The sverdrup is distinct from the SI sievert unit or the non-SI svedberg unit. All three use the same symbol, but they are not related.
History
The sverdrup is named in honor of the Norwegian oceanographer, meteorologist and polar explorer Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (1888–1957), who wrote the 1942 volume The Oceans, Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology together with Martin W. Johnson and Richard H. Fleming.[3]
In the 1950s and early 1960s both Soviet and North American scientists contemplated the damming of the Bering Strait, thus enabling temperate Atlantic water to heat up the cold Arctic Sea and, the theory went, making Siberia and northern Canada more habitable. As part of the North American team, Canadian oceanographer Maxwell Dunbar found it "very cumbersome" to repeatedly reference millions of cubic meters per second. He casually suggested that as a new unit of water flow, "the inflow through Bering Strait is one sverdrup". At the Arctic Basin Symposium in October 1962, the unit came into general usage.[3]
Examples
The water transport in the Gulf Stream gradually increases from Template:Val in the Florida Current to a maximum of Template:Val south of Newfoundland at the longitude 55° W.[4]
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, at approximately Template:Val, is the largest ocean current.[5]
The entire global input of fresh water from rivers to the ocean is approximately Template:Val.[6]