Duke of Cornwall: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Short description|Title in the Peerage of England}} | ||
{{ | {{For-multi|the associated estate|Duchy of Cornwall|other uses}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}} | ||
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}} | {{Use British English|date=September 2013}} | ||
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| caption = [[Duke of Cornwall#Arms|Arms of the Duke of Cornwall]] | | caption = [[Duke of Cornwall#Arms|Arms of the Duke of Cornwall]] | ||
| creation_date = {{plainlist| | | creation_date = {{plainlist| | ||
*1337 | *1337 (first creation) | ||
*1376 | *1376 (second creation) | ||
*1460 | *1460 (third creation)}} | ||
| creation = | | creation = | ||
| monarch = {{plainlist| | | monarch = {{plainlist| | ||
*[[Edward III of England|Edward III]] | *[[Edward III of England|Edward III]] (first creation) | ||
*[[Edward III of England|Edward III]] | *[[Edward III of England|Edward III]] (second creation) | ||
*[[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] | *[[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] (third creation)}} | ||
| peerage = [[Peerage of England]] | | peerage = [[Peerage of England]] | ||
| baronetage = | | baronetage = | ||
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| status = | | status = | ||
| extinction_date = {{plainlist| | | extinction_date = {{plainlist| | ||
*1377 | *1377 (second creation) | ||
*1460 | *1460 (third creation)}} | ||
| former_seat = [[Restormel Castle]] | | former_seat = [[Restormel Castle]] | ||
| motto = {{langx|gml|Houmout||High-spirited}} | | motto = {{langx|gml|Houmout||High-spirited}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Duke of Cornwall''' ({{langx|kw|Duk a Gernow}} | '''Duke of Cornwall''' ({{langx|kw|Duk a Gernow}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0h92cb1|title=An Nowodhow, the news in Cornish, 25/02/2024|first=Duncan|last=McIntosh|editor-first=Wella|editor-last=Morris|publisher=[[BBC Radio Cornwall]]|date=25 February 2024|language=en, kw}}</ref>) is a title in the [[Peerage of England]], traditionally held by the eldest son of the reigning [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]], previously the English monarch. The [[Duchy of Cornwall]] was the first [[duchy]] created in England and was established in a [[royal charter]] in 1337 by [[King Edward III]].<ref name="Charter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Edw3/11/0 |title=A Charter of 1337 |website=[[legislation.gov.uk]] |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |id=11 Edw 3<!--no chapter number-->}}</ref> In 2022, [[William, Prince of Wales|Prince William]] became Duke of Cornwall with the accession to the throne of his father, King [[Charles III]]; William's wife, [[Catherine, Princess of Wales|Catherine]], became [[Duchess of Cornwall]]. | ||
==Legend== | ==Legend== | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
[[File:Flag of the Duke of Cornwall.svg|alt=|thumb|Standard of the duke]]The charter that established the estate on 17 March 1337 set out the rule that the duke and possessor of the estate would be the eldest son and heir apparent of the monarch.<ref name="Charter"/> There were some deviations from this rule until a legal case (the Prince's Case) in 1606, which held that the rule should be adhered to.<ref name="Case">77 ER 481, 8 Coke Report 1a, [1606] EWHC Ch J6</ref> | [[File:Flag of the Duke of Cornwall.svg|alt=|thumb|Standard of the duke]]The charter that established the estate on 17 March 1337 set out the rule that the duke and possessor of the estate would be the eldest son and heir apparent of the monarch.<ref name="Charter"/> There were some deviations from this rule until a legal case (the Prince's Case) in 1606, which held that the rule should be adhered to.<ref name="Case">77 ER 481, 8 Coke Report 1a, [1606] EWHC Ch J6</ref> | ||
When the estate is without a duke, the possessor is the monarch, even if the former duke left surviving descendants.<ref name="Charter"/> The monarch's grandson, even if he is the [[heir apparent]], does not succeed to the dukedom. Similarly, no female may ever be duke of Cornwall, even if she is [[heir presumptive]] or heir apparent (this | When the estate is without a duke, the possessor is the monarch, even if the former duke left surviving descendants.<ref name="Charter"/> The monarch's grandson, even if he is the [[heir apparent]], does not succeed to the dukedom. Similarly, no female may ever be duke of Cornwall, even if she is [[heir presumptive]] or heir apparent (this becoming a possibility after the commencement of the [[Succession to the Crown Act 2013]]). | ||
Under tradition, it is possible for an individual to be [[Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales,]] and heir apparent, without also holding the position of Duke of Cornwall. The title 'Prince of Wales' is the traditional title of the heir apparent to the throne, granted at the discretion of the sovereign, though not automatically, and is not restricted to the eldest son. | |||
For example, after the death of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]], [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]'s heir apparent was his grandson George (Frederick's eldest son and the future [[George III]]). The young Prince George was created Prince of Wales but did not become Duke of Cornwall because he was the king's grandson, rather than his son. When the sovereign has no legitimate son, or when the heir apparent is not the sovereign's son, the estates of the duchy revert to the Crown until a legitimate son is born or until the accession of a new monarch who has a son. | For example, after the death of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]], [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]'s heir apparent was his grandson George (Frederick's eldest son and the future [[George III]]). The young Prince George was created Prince of Wales but did not become Duke of Cornwall because he was the king's grandson, rather than his son. When the sovereign has no legitimate son, or when the heir apparent is not the sovereign's son, the estates of the duchy revert to the Crown until a legitimate son is born or until the accession of a new monarch who has a son. | ||
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The duchy includes over 220 square miles (570 square kilometres) of land, more than half of which lies in [[Devon]]. The duke has the right to the estates of all those who die without named heirs (''[[Unowned property|bona vacantia]]'') in Cornwall, and also appoints the [[High Sheriff of Cornwall]]; in most of England and Wales the Crown has these rights, the other exception being the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], a private estate held in trust for the sovereign. The duke having these rights has contributed to the debate over the [[constitutional status of Cornwall]]. | The duchy includes over 220 square miles (570 square kilometres) of land, more than half of which lies in [[Devon]]. The duke has the right to the estates of all those who die without named heirs (''[[Unowned property|bona vacantia]]'') in Cornwall, and also appoints the [[High Sheriff of Cornwall]]; in most of England and Wales the Crown has these rights, the other exception being the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], a private estate held in trust for the sovereign. The duke having these rights has contributed to the debate over the [[constitutional status of Cornwall]]. | ||
In 2013, the duchy had a revenue surplus of £19 million, a sum that was exempt from [[income tax]], though Prince Charles, the duke, chose to pay the tax voluntarily.<ref>{{cite news| last=Booth | first=Robert | title=Prince Charles accused of 'dodging around for tax purposes' |newspaper=The Guardian|location=London | date=15 July 2013 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/15/prince-charles-tax-duchy-cornwall }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/15/u-k-lawmakers-go-after-tax-affairs-of-the-royal-family/|url-access=subscription |title=U.K. Lawmakers Go After Tax Affairs of the Royal Family |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=2013-07-15 |first=Ainsley |last=Thomson}}</ref> Until 2011, if there was no | In 2013, the duchy had a revenue surplus of £19 million, a sum that was exempt from [[income tax]], though Prince Charles, the duke, chose to pay the tax voluntarily.<ref>{{cite news| last=Booth | first=Robert | title=Prince Charles accused of 'dodging around for tax purposes' |newspaper=The Guardian|location=London | date=15 July 2013 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/15/prince-charles-tax-duchy-cornwall }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/15/u-k-lawmakers-go-after-tax-affairs-of-the-royal-family/|url-access=subscription |title=U.K. Lawmakers Go After Tax Affairs of the Royal Family |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=2013-07-15 |first=Ainsley |last=Thomson}}</ref> Until 2011, if there was no Duke of Cornwall the income of the duchy went to the Crown. Under the [[Sovereign Grant Act 2011]], revenues of the duchy now pass to the heir to the throne regardless of whether or not they are Duke of Cornwall. When the heir is a minor, 10% of revenues pass to them, with the balance passing to the Crown; the Sovereign Grant is reduced by the same amount.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance#duchy-of-Cornwall |website=GOV.UK |title=Sovereign Grant Act 2011: guidance |date=5 November 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Arms== | ==Arms== | ||
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==Dukes of Cornwall, 1337 creation== | ==Dukes of Cornwall, 1337 creation== | ||
All dukes of Cornwall who have been the eldest living son of the sovereign are generally considered to have held the same ''creation'' of the dukedom. The following is a table of these dukes of Cornwall, with the processes by which they became duke and by which they ceased to hold the title: | All dukes of Cornwall who have been the eldest living son of the sovereign are generally considered to have held the same ''creation'' of the dukedom. The following is a table of these dukes of Cornwall, with the processes by which they became duke and by which they ceased to hold the title:<ref>[https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/g42814083/duke-of-cornwall-title-history/ "Who Has Held the Duke of Cornwall Title Throughout History?"], Emily Burack, ''Town & Country Magazine'', 11 February 2023 (retrieved 19 November 2025).</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales|Henry Frederick Stuart]] | |[[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales|Henry Frederick Stuart]] | ||
|rowspan="2"|[[James VI and I]] | |rowspan="2"|[[James VI and I|James I]] | ||
|1603<br/ >(father's accession) | |1603<br/ >(father's accession) | ||
|1612<br/ >(death) | |1612<br/ >(death) | ||
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*[[Waitrose Duchy Organic|Duchy Originals]] (the duchy's organic produce brand) | *[[Waitrose Duchy Organic|Duchy Originals]] (the duchy's organic produce brand) | ||
*[[Duke of Rothesay]] | *[[Duke of Rothesay]] | ||
*[[Outline of Cornwall]] | *[[Outline of Cornwall]] | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons category}} | {{commons category}} | ||
*[https://duchyofcornwall.org | *[https://duchyofcornwall.org Duchy of Cornwall website] | ||
*[https://www.theguardian.com/netnotes/article/0,6729,221852,00.html Guardian Unlimited article] | *[https://www.theguardian.com/netnotes/article/0,6729,221852,00.html Guardian Unlimited article] | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050924190804/http://www.institutes.ex.ac.uk/ics/bernard%20Celtic%20frontier%20or%20county%20boundary.pdf Celtic Frontier or County Boundary? Competing discourses of a late nineteenth century British border] link dead | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050924190804/http://www.institutes.ex.ac.uk/ics/bernard%20Celtic%20frontier%20or%20county%20boundary.pdf Celtic Frontier or County Boundary? Competing discourses of a late nineteenth century British border] link dead | ||
Latest revision as of 12:55, 19 November 2025
Template:Short description Template:For-multi Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox nobility title
Duke of Cornwall (Template:Langx[1]) is a title in the Peerage of England, traditionally held by the eldest son of the reigning British monarch, previously the English monarch. The Duchy of Cornwall was the first duchy created in England and was established in a royal charter in 1337 by King Edward III.[2] In 2022, Prince William became Duke of Cornwall with the accession to the throne of his father, King Charles III; William's wife, Catherine, became Duchess of Cornwall.
Legend
Some folk histories of the British Isles, such as Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain (1136), claim that the first leader of Cornwall was Corineus, a Trojan warrior and ally of Brutus of Troy, portrayed as the original settler of the British Isles. From then through the Arthurian period, such legendary dukes of Cornwall stood apart from the high king of Britain, while serving as his closest ally and, at times, as his protector (all per Monmouth's collected yarns). Notably in this tale, Gorlois, duke of Cornwall under King Uther Pendragon, rebelled when the king became obsessed with Gorlois' wife Igraine. Uther killed Gorlois and took Igraine: the son was King Arthur.[3]
History
Template:History of CornwallThe historical record suggests that, following the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Cornwall formed part of a separate Kingdom of Dumnonia, which included Devon, although there is evidence that it may have had its own rulers at times. The Celtic southwest of Britain was gradually conquered by the emerging Germanic Kingdom of England, and after the Norman Conquest in 1066, the new rulers of England appointed their own men as earl of Cornwall, the first of whom was in fact a Breton of Cornouaille in Brittany.
Edward of Woodstock (widely known as 'The Black Prince'), the eldest son of Edward III, was made the first duke of Cornwall in 1337, after Edward III claimed the title of King of France.[4] Cornwall was the first dukedom conferred within the Kingdom of England.[5]
Succession
The charter that established the estate on 17 March 1337 set out the rule that the duke and possessor of the estate would be the eldest son and heir apparent of the monarch.[2] There were some deviations from this rule until a legal case (the Prince's Case) in 1606, which held that the rule should be adhered to.[6]
When the estate is without a duke, the possessor is the monarch, even if the former duke left surviving descendants.[2] The monarch's grandson, even if he is the heir apparent, does not succeed to the dukedom. Similarly, no female may ever be duke of Cornwall, even if she is heir presumptive or heir apparent (this becoming a possibility after the commencement of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013).
Under tradition, it is possible for an individual to be Prince of Wales, and heir apparent, without also holding the position of Duke of Cornwall. The title 'Prince of Wales' is the traditional title of the heir apparent to the throne, granted at the discretion of the sovereign, though not automatically, and is not restricted to the eldest son.
For example, after the death of Frederick, Prince of Wales, George II's heir apparent was his grandson George (Frederick's eldest son and the future George III). The young Prince George was created Prince of Wales but did not become Duke of Cornwall because he was the king's grandson, rather than his son. When the sovereign has no legitimate son, or when the heir apparent is not the sovereign's son, the estates of the duchy revert to the Crown until a legitimate son is born or until the accession of a new monarch who has a son.
James Francis Edward Stuart, son of James II, was born Duke of Cornwall in 1688. Although his father lost the throne, James Francis Edward was not deprived of his own titles and honours as a result of his father's deposition. Instead, from the (prevailing) Hanoverian perspective, it was as a result of his claiming his father's lost thrones that James was attainted for treason on 2 March 1702, and his titles were thus forfeited under English law.[5] However, from the (minority) Jacobite perspective, on his father's death in 1701 the duchy was merged with the Crown.
Rights of the duke
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The duchy includes over 220 square miles (570 square kilometres) of land, more than half of which lies in Devon. The duke has the right to the estates of all those who die without named heirs (bona vacantia) in Cornwall, and also appoints the High Sheriff of Cornwall; in most of England and Wales the Crown has these rights, the other exception being the Duchy of Lancaster, a private estate held in trust for the sovereign. The duke having these rights has contributed to the debate over the constitutional status of Cornwall.
In 2013, the duchy had a revenue surplus of £19 million, a sum that was exempt from income tax, though Prince Charles, the duke, chose to pay the tax voluntarily.[7][8] Until 2011, if there was no Duke of Cornwall the income of the duchy went to the Crown. Under the Sovereign Grant Act 2011, revenues of the duchy now pass to the heir to the throne regardless of whether or not they are Duke of Cornwall. When the heir is a minor, 10% of revenues pass to them, with the balance passing to the Crown; the Sovereign Grant is reduced by the same amount.[9]
Arms
_(FindID_414502).jpg){kind=link}
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The coat of arms of the duke of Cornwall is blazoned as sable, fifteen bezants, that is, a black field bearing fifteen golden discs. The arms are now used as a badge by the prince of Wales, and they appear below the shield in his coat of arms, along with his other badges.
The arms were adopted late in the 15th century, based on the arms of Richard, Earl of Cornwall. The bezants in Richard's arms were intended to represent peas, known in French as pois, as a punning reference to the French region of Poitou, of which he was count.[10]
On 21 June 1968 a royal warrant augmented the aforementioned arms with the heir apparent's coronet, which consists of four crosses patée and four fleurs-de-lises with one arch (used only by the prince of Wales). The supporters are two Cornish choughs, each supporting an ostrich feather. The motto used with the arms is Template:Langx, meaning "high-spirited" in Middle Low German,[11] the personal motto of the Black Prince.[12]Template:Infobox emblem wide
Dukes of Cornwall, 1337 creation
All dukes of Cornwall who have been the eldest living son of the sovereign are generally considered to have held the same creation of the dukedom. The following is a table of these dukes of Cornwall, with the processes by which they became duke and by which they ceased to hold the title:[13]
| Duke of Cornwall | Monarch | From | To | Other title held while Duke |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward of Woodstock | Edward III | 1337 (Parliament) |
1376 (death) |
Prince of Wales (1343), Prince of Aquitaine (1362–1372), Earl of Chester (1333) |
| Henry of Monmouth | Henry IV | 1399 (Parliament) |
1413 (acceded as Henry V) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1399), Duke of Aquitaine (1390), Duke of Lancaster (1399) |
| Henry of Windsor | Henry V | 1421 (birth) |
1422 (acceded as Henry VI) |
Duke of Aquitaine (1421) |
| Edward of Westminster | Henry VI | 1454 (charter) |
1471 (death) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1454) |
| Edward of York | Edward IV | 1471 (charter) |
1483 (acceded as Edward V) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1471), Earl of March (1479), Earl of Pembroke (1479) |
| Edward of Middleham | Richard III | 1483 (father's accession) |
1484 (death) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1483), Earl of Salisbury (1478) |
| Arthur Tudor | Henry VII | 1486 (birth) |
1502 (death) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1489) |
| Henry Tudor | 1502 (death of older brother) |
1509 (acceded as Henry VIII) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1504), Duke of York (1494) | |
| Henry Tudor | Henry VIII | 1511 (birth) |
1511 (death) |
|
| Edward Tudor | 1537 (birth) |
1547 (acceded as Edward VI) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1537) | |
| Henry Frederick Stuart | James I | 1603 (father's accession) |
1612 (death) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1610), Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick and Baron of Renfrew (1469), Lord of the Isles (1540), Prince and Great Steward of Scotland (1469) The italicised henceforth "Duke of Rothesay, etc (1469 & 1540)" |
| Charles Stuart | 1612 (death of older brother) |
1625 (acceded as Charles I) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1616), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540), Duke of Albany (1600), Duke of York (1605), Marquess of Ormond, Earl of Ross, Lord Ardmannoch (1600) | |
| Charles James Stuart | Charles I | 1629 (birth) |
1629 (death) |
Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540) |
| Charles Stuart | 1630 (birth) |
1649 (acceded as Charles II) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1638), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540) | |
| James Francis Edward Stuart ("The Old Pretender") |
James II | 1688 (birth) |
1702 (attainted) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1688–1702), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469–1702 & 1540–1702) |
| George Augustus | George I | 1714 (father's accession) |
1727 (acceded as George II) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1714), Hereditary Elector of Hanover, Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540), Duke of Cambridge, Marquess of Cambridge, Earl of Milford Haven, Viscount Northallerton, Baron Tewkesbury (1706) |
| Frederick Louis | George II | 1727 (father's accession) |
1751 (death) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1729), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540), Duke of Edinburgh, Marquess of Ely, Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, Baron Snowdon (1726) |
| George Augustus Frederick | George III | 1762 (birth) |
1820 (acceded as George IV) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1762), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540) |
| Albert Edward | Victoria | 1841 (birth) |
1901 (acceded as Edward VII) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1841), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540), Earl of Dublin (1850) |
| George Frederick Ernest Albert | Edward VII | 1901 (father's accession) |
1910 (acceded as George V) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1901), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540), Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, Baron Killarney (1892) |
| Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David | George V | 1910 (father's accession) |
1936 (acceded as Edward VIII) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1910), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540) |
| Charles Philip Arthur George | Elizabeth II | 1952 (mother's accession) |
2022 (acceded as Charles III) |
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1958), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540), Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich (1947) |
| William Arthur Philip Louis | Charles III | 2022 (father's accession) |
Incumbent | Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (2022), Duke of Rothesay, etc. (1469 & 1540), Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus (2011) |
Dukes of Cornwall, 1376 creation
When his heir apparent, Edward the Black Prince, predeceased him, Edward III granted a new creation of the title 'duke of Cornwall' to his grandson, Richard. When he acceded to the throne as Richard II in 1377, this creation merged with the Crown.
- Richard of Bordeaux (1367–1400)
- also Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1376)
Dukes of Cornwall, 1460 creation
When Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, pressed his claim to the throne, he was made heir apparent to Henry VI by the Act of Accord. On 31 October 1460, he was made prince of Wales and earl of Chester, duke of Cornwall and Lord Protector of England. Since he was not the eldest living son of the monarch, this creation was outside the terms of the 1337 warrant; York died in battle two months later, on 30 December 1460.
- Richard Plantagenet (1411–1460)
- also Lord Protector of England, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1460, see Act of Accord); Duke of York (1385), Earl of Ulster (1264), Earl of March (1328), Earl of Cambridge (1414, restored 1426), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (1331)
Jacobite duke
Charles Edward Stuart ('The Young Pretender'), eldest son and heir apparent of James Francis Edward Stuart ('The Old Pretender'), was born in Rome on 31 December 1720, and shortly after his birth, he was declared prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester in the Jacobite succession. With the death of the Old Pretender on 1 January 1766, he acceded to his father's claim to be King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland. He died on 31 January 1788.[14]
Family tree
Template:Dukes of Cornwall family tree
See also
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- Cornish Foreshore Case (19th century arbitration about the ownership of minerals and mines under the foreshore of Cornwall)
- Duchy Originals (the duchy's organic produce brand)
- Duke of Rothesay
- Outline of Cornwall
Notes
External links
- Duchy of Cornwall website
- Guardian Unlimited article
- Celtic Frontier or County Boundary? Competing discourses of a late nineteenth century British border link dead
- The charter of 1337
Template:Dukes of Cornwall Template:British royal titles Template:Extant British dukedomsTemplate:Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Lopez, Teresa Uther and Igraine – The Camelot Project 2002. University of Rochester. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
- ↑ Blackstone, William (1765-1769) Commentaries on the Laws of England, book 1 chapter 12
- ↑ a b Complete Peerage: 'Duke of Cornwall'
- ↑ 77 ER 481, 8 Coke Report 1a, [1606] EWHC Ch J6
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ LANGENFELT, G. (1950). ICH DIEN, 69(Jahresband), 264-265. https://doi.org/10.1515/angl.1950.1950.69.264
- ↑ Briggs, Geoffrey, Civic and Corporate Heraldry (1971), p. 122.
- ↑ "Who Has Held the Duke of Cornwall Title Throughout History?", Emily Burack, Town & Country Magazine, 11 February 2023 (retrieved 19 November 2025).
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Pages with script errors
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- Dukes of Cornwall
- Dukedoms in the Peerage of England
- Duchy of Cornwall
- Heirs to the throne
- History of Cornwall
- Succession to the British crown
- British landowners
- British and Irish peerages which merged in the Crown
- Noble titles created in 1337
- Noble titles created in 1376
- Noble titles created in 1460