A-0 System: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Programming language}}
{{Short description|Programming language}}
The '''A-0 system''' (''Arithmetic Language version 0'') was an early<ref>{{cite web | title=List of early compilers and assemblers | url=http://shape-of-code.coding-guidelines.com/2017/05/21/evidence-for-28-possible-compilers-in-1957}}</ref> [[compiler]] related tool developed for electronic computers, written by [[Grace Hopper|Grace Murray Hopper]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ridgway|first1=Richard|title=Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) on - ACM '52 |chapter=Compiling routines |date=1952|pages=1–5 |doi=10.1145/800259.808980 |isbn=9781450379250 |s2cid=14878552 |doi-access=free}}</ref> in 1951 and 1952 originally for the [[UNIVAC I]].<ref>Hopper "Keynote Address", Sammet pg. 12</ref> The A-0 functioned more as a [[Loader (computing)|loader]] or [[Linker (computing)|linker]] than the modern notion of a compiler.<ref>{{ cite conference |last=Hopper|first=Grace|title=Keynote Address|doi=10.1145/800025.1198341 |book-title=Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages (HOPL) conference, June 1978 | url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/800025.1198341|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web |last=Bruderer|first=Herbert|title=Did Grace Hopper Create the First Compiler? | url=https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm/268001-did-grace-hopper-create-the-first-compiler/fulltext}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Strawn |first1=George |last2=Strawn |first2=Candace |title=Grace Hopper: Compilers and Cobol | url = https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/it/2015/01/mit2015010062/13rRUxCitFF |journal=IT Professional |date=2015 |volume=17 |issue=Jan.-Feb. 2015 |pages=62–64 |doi=10.1109/MITP.2015.6 |url-access=subscription }} </ref> A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and its arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification into [[machine code]] that could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the said program.
The '''A-0 system''' (''Arithmetic Language version 0'') was an early<ref>{{cite web | title=List of early compilers and assemblers | url=http://shape-of-code.coding-guidelines.com/2017/05/21/evidence-for-28-possible-compilers-in-1957}}</ref> [[compiler]]-related tool developed for electronic computers, written by [[Grace Hopper|Grace Murray Hopper]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ridgway|first1=Richard|title=Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) on - ACM '52 |chapter=Compiling routines |date=1952|pages=1–5 |doi=10.1145/800259.808980 |isbn=9781450379250 |s2cid=14878552 |doi-access=free}}</ref> in 1951 and 1952 originally for the [[UNIVAC I]].<ref>Hopper "Keynote Address", Sammet pg. 12</ref> The A-0 functioned more as a [[Loader (computing)|loader]] or [[Linker (computing)|linker]] than the modern notion of a compiler.<ref>{{ cite conference |last=Hopper|first=Grace|title=Keynote Address|doi=10.1145/800025.1198341 |book-title=Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages (HOPL) conference, June 1978 | url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/800025.1198341|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web |last=Bruderer|first=Herbert|title=Did Grace Hopper Create the First Compiler? | url=https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm/268001-did-grace-hopper-create-the-first-compiler/fulltext}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Strawn |first1=George |last2=Strawn |first2=Candace |title=Grace Hopper: Compilers and Cobol | url = https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/it/2015/01/mit2015010062/13rRUxCitFF |journal=IT Professional |date=2015 |volume=17 |issue=Jan.-Feb. 2015 |pages=62–64 |doi=10.1109/MITP.2015.6 |url-access=subscription }} </ref> A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and its arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification into [[machine code]] that could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the said program.


The A-0 system was followed by the A-1, A-2,<ref>* {{cite journal |date=Sep 1955 |title=PAPERS: Automatic Programming: The A 2 Compiler System -- Part I |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-09_4_9/page/n24/ |journal=Computers and Automation |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=25–29 |access-date=2020-09-05}}
The A-0 system was followed by the A-1, A-2,<ref>* {{cite journal |date=Sep 1955 |title=PAPERS: Automatic Programming: The A 2 Compiler System -- Part I |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-09_4_9/page/n24/ |journal=Computers and Automation |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=25–29 |access-date=2020-09-05}}

Latest revision as of 17:10, 16 October 2025

Template:Short description The A-0 system (Arithmetic Language version 0) was an early[1] compiler-related tool developed for electronic computers, written by Grace Murray Hopper[2] in 1951 and 1952 originally for the UNIVAC I.[3] The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler.[4][5][6] A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and its arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification into machine code that could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the said program.

The A-0 system was followed by the A-1, A-2,[7] A-3 (released as ARITH-MATIC), AT-3 (released as MATH-MATIC), and B-0 (released as FLOW-MATIC).

The A-2 system was developed at the UNIVAC division of Remington Rand in 1953 and released to customers by the end of that year.[8] Customers were provided the source code for A-2 and invited to send their improvements back to UNIVAC. Thus, A-2 could be considered an example of the result of an early philosophy similar to free and open-source software.[9]

See also

Notes

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  3. ↑ Hopper "Keynote Address", Sammet pg. 12
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  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

References

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