Road train

File:Road train (25).jpg

A three-trailer livestock road train in Australia

File:Road train at Alice Springs on the way to Tennant Creek.jpg

An early road train at Alice Springs on the way to Tennant Creek, c. 1938–1948

File:Dowling 125.jpg

A diesel road train in Alice Springs, c. 1938–1939

A road train, also known as a land train or long combination vehicle (LCV), is a semi-trailer truck used to move road freight more efficiently than single-trailer semi-trailers. It consists of one semi-trailer or more connected together with or without a prime mover. It typically has to be at least three trailers and one prime mover. Road trains are often used in areas where other forms of heavy transport (freight train, cargo aircraft, container ship) are not feasible or practical.

History

Early road trains consisted of traction engines pulling multiple wagons. The first identified road trains operated into South Australia's Flinders Ranges from the Port Augusta area in the mid-19th century. They displaced bullock teams for the carriage of minerals to port and were, in turn, superseded by railways.

During the Crimean War, a traction engine was used to pull multiple open trucks. By 1898 steam traction engine trains with up to four wagons were employed in military manoeuvres in England.

In 1900, John Fowler & Co. provided armoured road trains for use by the British Armed Forces in the Second Boer War. Lord Kitchener stated that he had around 45 steam road trains at his disposal.

A road train devised by Captain Charles Renard of the French Engineering Corps was displayed at the 1903 Paris Salon. After his death, Daimler, which had acquired the rights, attempted to market it in the United Kingdom. Four of these vehicles were successfully delivered to Queensland, Australia, before the company ceased production upon the start of World War I.

In the 1930s/40s, the government of Australia operated an AEC Roadtrain to transport freight and supplies into the Northern Territory, replacing the Afghan camel trains that had been trekking through the deserts since the late 19th century. This truck pulled two or three Template:Convert Dyson four-axle self-tracking trailers. At Template:Convert, the AEC was grossly underpowered by today's standards, and drivers and offsiders (a partner or assistant) routinely froze in winter and sweltered in summer due to the truck's open cab design and the position of the engine radiator, with its Template:Convert cooling fan, behind the seats.

File:Road train, Quilpie, c 1962.jpg

Livestock road train with Leyland truck in 1962

Australian Kurt Johannsen, a bush mechanic, is recognised as the inventor of the modern road train. After transporting stud bulls Template:Convert to an outback property, Johannsen was challenged to build a truck to carry 100 head of cattle instead of the original load of 20. Provided with financing of about 2000 pounds and inspired by the tracking abilities of the Government roadtrain, Johannsen began construction. Two years later his first road train was running.

Johannsen's first road train consisted of a United States Army World War II surplus Diamond-T tank carrier, nicknamed "Bertha", and two home-built self-tracking trailers. Both wheel sets on each trailer could steer, and therefore could negotiate the tight and narrow tracks and creek crossings that existed throughout Central Australia in the earlier part of the 20th century. Freighter Trailers in Australia viewed this improved invention and went on to build self-tracking trailers for Kurt and other customers, and went on to become innovators in transport machinery for Australia.Template:Fact

This first example of the modern road train, along with the AEC Government Roadtrain, forms part of the huge collection at the National Road Transport Hall of Fame in Alice Springs, Northern Territory.Template:Fact

In 2023, Janus launched the first battery electric (BEV) triple road train with 620 kWh battery, also the world's heaviest street-legal BEV truck at 170 tonnes (gross weight).

Usage

Australia

File:Australian road train headed by Volvo NH15.jpg

A four-trailer road train in the Australian outback with a Volvo NH15 prime mover

The term road train is used in Australia and typically means a prime mover hauling two or more trailers, other than a B-double. In contrast with a more common semi-trailer towing one trailer or semi-trailer, the diesel prime mover of a road train hauls two or more trailers or semi-trailers. Australia has the longest and heaviest road-legal road trains in the world, weighing up to Template:Convert.

File:Australian T909 Kenworth .png

B-double

Double (two-trailer) road train combinations are allowed on some roads in most states of Australia, including specified approaches to the ports and industrial areas of Adelaide, South Australia and Perth, Western Australia. An A-double road train should not be confused with a B-double, which is allowed access to most of the country and in all major cities.

In South Australia, B-triples up to Template:Convert and two-trailer road trains to Template:Convert are permitted on only a small number of approved routes in the north and west of the state, including access to Adelaide's north-western suburban industrial and export areas such as Port Adelaide, Gillman and Outer Harbour via Salisbury Highway, Port Wakefield Road and Augusta Highway before 2017. A project named Improving Road Transport for the Agriculture Industry added Template:Convert of key routes on which it is permitted to operate vehicles over Template:Cvt in 2015–2018.

File:Another Bloody Road Train - panoramio.jpg

Triple road train near Normanton, Queensland

Triple (three-trailer) road trains operate in western New South Wales, western Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and the Northern Territory, with the last three states also allowing AB-quads (a B double with two additional trailers coupled behind). Darwin is the only capital city in the world where triples and quads are allowed to within Template:Convert of the central business district (CBD).

Strict regulations regarding licensing, registration, weights, and experience apply to all operators of road trains throughout Australia.

Road trains are used for transporting all manner of materials; common examples are livestock, fuel, mineral ores, and general freight. Their cost-effective transport has played a significant part in the economic development of remote areas; some communities are totally reliant on regular service.

File:00 4591 Road train - Great Northern Highway (Western Australia).jpg

Triple road train in Great Northern Highway

When road trains get close to populated areas, the multiple dog-trailers are unhooked, the dollies removed and then connected individually to multiple trucks at "assembly" yards.

When the flat-top trailers of a road train need to be transported empty, it is common practice to stack them. This is commonly referred to as "doubled-up" or "doubling-up". If many trailers must be moved at one time, they are sometimes triple-stacked, or "tripled-up".

Higher Mass Limits (HML) Schemes are now extant in all jurisdictions in Australia, allowing trucks to carry additional weight beyond general mass limits. Some roads in some states regularly allowing up to 4 trailers at Template:Convert long and Template:Convert. On private property such as mines, highway restrictions on trailer length, weight, and count may not apply. Some of the heaviest road trains carrying ore are multiple unit with a diesel engine in each trailer, controlled by the tractor.

Diesel sales in Australia (per year) are around 32 billion litres, of which some is used by road trains. In order to reduce emissions and running cost, trials are made with road trains powered by batteries.

United States

File:Permitted Longer Combination Vehicles on the National Highway System 2017 22Oct2018.png

Permitted routes for longer combination vehicles on the U.S. National Highway System: 2017

In most of the United States, trucks on public roads are limited to two trailers (two Template:Convert and a dolly to connect; the limit is Template:Convert end to end). Some states allow three Template:Convert trailers, although triples are usually restricted to less populous states such as Idaho, Oregon, and Montana, plus the Ohio Turnpike and the Indiana East–West Toll Road. Triples are used for long-distance less-than-truckload freight hauling (in which case the trailers are shorter than a typical single-unit trailer) or resource hauling in the interior west (such as ore or aggregate). Triples are sometimes marked with "LONG LOAD" banners both front and rear. "Turnpike doubles"—tractors towing two full-length trailers—are allowed on the New York Thruway and Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90), Florida's Turnpike, Kansas Turnpike (Kansas City – Wichita route) as well as the Ohio and Indiana toll roads. Colorado allows what are known as "Rocky Mountain Doubles" which is one full length Template:Convert trailer and an additional Template:Convert trailer. The term "road train" is not commonly used in the United States; "turnpike train" has been used, generally in a pejorative sense.

File:UPS Freight truck, Motor Cargo & Overnite trailers.jpg

STAA double pup 28.5 foot trailers

In the western United States LCVs are allowed on many Interstate highways. The only LCVs allowed nationwide are STAA doubles.

On private property such as farms, highway restrictions on trailer length and count do not apply. Bales of straw, for example, are sometimes moved using wagon trains of up to 20 trailers extending an eighth of a mile and carrying a total of 3,600 bales.

Europe

File:A B-double unloading timber at Pellets Asturias, Tineo, on 7 Nov 2019.jpg

Timber being unloaded from a B-double at Pellets Asturias, Spain

In Finland, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, and some roads in Norway, trucks with trailers are allowed to be Template:Convert long. In Finland, a length of Template:Convert has been allowed since January 2019. In Sweden, this length has been allowed on several major roads, including all of E4, since August 2023. 34.5 meters allows two 40 foot containers.

Elsewhere in the European Union, the limit is Template:Convert (Norway allows Template:Convert). The trucks are of a cab-over-engine design, with a flat front and a high floor about Template:Convert above ground. Scandinavia countries is less densely populated than most of the rest of the EU, and travel distances there, especially in Finland and Sweden, are long. Until the late 1960s, vehicle length was unlimited, giving rise to long vehicles to cost effectively handle goods. As traffic increased, truck lengths became more of a concern and they were limited, albeit at a more generous level than in the rest of Europe.

In the United Kingdom in 2009, a two-year desk study of Longer Heavier Vehicles (LHVs), including up to 11-axle, Template:Convert long, Template:Convert combinations, ruled out all road-train-type vehicles for the foreseeable future.

File:40 foot container turnpike double 2.jpg

40 foot container turnpike double

In 2010, Sweden performed tests on log-hauling trucks, weighing up to Template:Convert and measuring Template:Convert and haulers for two 40 ft containers, measuring Template:Convert in total. In 2015, a pilot began in Finland to test a 104-tonne timber lorry which was Template:Convert and had 13 axles. Testing of the special lorry was limited to a predefined route in northern Finland

Since 2015, Spain has permitted B-doubles with a length of up to Template:Convert and weighing up to 60 tonnes to travel on certain routes. In July 2024, after 5 years of testing, HCTs have been permitted on Spanish territory, with lengths of up to 32 meters (105 ft) and 70 gross tonnes.

Since 2016, Eoin Gavin Transport, Shannon and Dennison Trailers, Kildare have been trialling Template:Convert B-doubles on the Irish motorways. In Feb 2024, The Pallet Network announced four B-doubles to operate between Dublin, Cork and Galway.

In 2020, a small number of road trains were operating between Belgium and the Netherlands.

Mexico

In Mexico road trains exist in a limited capacity due to the sizes of roads in its larger cities, and they are only allowed to pull 2 trailers joined with a pup or dolly created for this purpose. RecentlyTemplate:When the regulations tend to be more severe and strict to avoid overloading and accidents, to adhere to the federal rules of transportation. Truck drivers must obtain a certificate to certify that the driver is capable to manipulate and drive that type of vehicle.

All the tractor vehicles that make road train type transport in the country (along with the normal security requirements) need to have visual warnings like;

• "Warning Double Semi-Trailer" (Template:Langx) alert located in the frontal fenders of the tractor and in the rear part of each trailer,
• yellow turn and warning lights to be more visible to other drivers,
• a seal for the entire vehicle approving the use as double semi trailer,
• federal license plates in every trailer, dolly, and tractor unit.

Some major cargo enterprises in the country use this form to cut costs of carrying all type of goods in some regions where other forms of transportation are too expensive compared to it due to the difficult geography of the country.

The Mexican road train equivalent form in Australian Standard is the A-Double form, the difference is that the Mexican road trains can be hauled with a long distance tractor truck.

Zimbabwe

In Zimbabwe, they are used on only one highway, Ngezi–Makwiro road. They make use of 42 m long road trains pulling three trailers.

India

In India beacon lights and road-train signs are mandatory, one on the windshield of the tractor and another on the rear of the trailer. These signals should also identicate what type of combination is being used. The configuration should be equipped with CAN network system, Electronic Braking System (EBS) to increase safety. Following this, companies are also using 360° camera systems and steerable axles for ease of driving.

4x2, 6x2 and 6x4 tractors can be used for the combination driven by a heavy vehicle drivers licence personal. With a speed limit of 50kmph at selected routes and corridors the combination has to have a Turning Clearance Circle Diameter (TCCD) of 28m using fifth wheel, drawbar and converter dolly couplings.

On 15 February 2025 Volvo Trucks India and Delhivery a Gurgaon based logistics company unveiled India's first road train consisting of a Volvo FM 420 4x2 tractor and a B-Double combination of 24 ft lead trailer and 44 ft semi-trailer coupled via fifth wheel making total length of vehicle close to 80 ft. With approvals from Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) and Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI). Currently, road trains are only permitted to operate on Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway.

Trailer arrangements

File:Aust config2.png

Road train types:
A: B-double
B: B-triple
C: A-double
D: AB-triple (possible BA)
E: BAB quad
F: ABB quad
G: A-triple
H: AAB quad (possible BAA)
K: Special Australian mining tipper road train with limited transportation

A-double

File:Ube Industries Ube Mine Expressway.jpg

A Kenworth with A-double chemical carrying trailers on a UBE Industries mining expressway in Japan

File:MAN TGS, Nullarbor, 2017 (01).jpg

A MAN with A-double in Australia

An A-double consists of a prime mover towing a normal lead trailer with a towing hitch such as a Ringfeder coupling affixed to it at the rear. A fifth wheel dolly is then affixed to the hitch allowing another standard trailer to be attached. Eleven-axle coal tipping sets carrying to Port Kembla, Australia are described as A-doubles. The set depicted has a tare weight of Template:Cvt and is capable of carrying Template:Cvt of coal. Note the shield at the front of the second trailer to direct tipped coal from the first trailer downwards.

Pros include the ability to use standard semi-trailers and the potential for very large loads. Cons mainly include very tricky reversing due to the multiple articulation points across two different types of coupling.

B-double

File:Lindsay Transport B-Double.jpg

A B-double parked at a truck stop in New South Wales, Australia

File:Truck Spotting on the A58 E312 Direction Kruiningen-Netherlands 17 04 2020. (49784067867).jpg

A 25.25 metre B-double consisting of two trailers with the same length in the Netherlands

A B-double consists of a prime mover towing a specialised lead trailer that has a fifth-wheel mounted on the rear towing an ordinary semi-trailer, resulting in two articulation points. It may also be known as a B-train, interlink in South Africa, B-double in Australia, tandem tractor-trailer, tandem rig, or double in North America. They may typically be up to Template:Cvt long. The fifth wheel coupling is located at the rear of the lead (first) trailer and is mounted on a "tail" section commonly located immediately above the lead trailer axles. In North America this area of the lead trailer is often referred to as the "bridge". The twin-trailer assembly is hooked up to a tractor unit via the tractor unit's fifth wheel in the customary manner.

An advantage of the B-train configuration is its inherent stability when compared to most other twin trailer combinations, as the turntable mounted on the forward trailer results in the B-train not requiring a converter dolly as with all other road train configurations. Also, reversing is simpler because all articulation points are on fifth wheel couplings. These properties have ensured its continued development and global acceptance.

B-train trailers are used to transport many types of load and examples include tanks for liquid and dry-bulk, flat-beds and curtain-siders for deck-loads, bulkers for aggregates and wood residuals, refrigerated trailers for chilled and frozen goods, vans for dry goods, logging trailers for forestry work and cattle liners for livestock.

In Australia, standard semi-trailers are permitted on almost every road. B-doubles are more heavily regulated, but routes are made available by state governments for almost anywhere that significant road freight movement is required.

Around container ports in Australia exists what is known as a super B-double; a B-double with an extra axle (total of 4) on the lead trailer and either three or four axle set on the rear trailer. This allows the super B-Double to carry combinations of two 40 foot containers, four 20 foot containers, or a combination of one 40 foot container and two twenty foot containers. However, because of their length and low accessibility into narrow streets, these vehicles are restricted in where they can go and are generally used for terminal-to-terminal work, i.e. wharf to container holding park or wharf-to-wharf. The rear axle on each trailer can also pivot slightly while turning to prevent scrubbing out the edges of the tyres due to the heavy loads placed on them.

B-triple

File:Canny Carrying Company B-triple road train.jpg

B-triple

Essentially a B-double arrangement with a second lead trailer attached to the first, and an ordinary trailer attached to the second bridge trailer. The B-train principle has been exploited in Australia, where configurations such as B triples, double-B doubles and 2AB quads are permitted on some routes. These are run in most states of Australia where double road trains are allowed. Australia's National Transport Commission proposed a national framework for B-triple operations that includes basic vehicle specifications and operating conditions that the commission anticipates will replace the current state-by-state approach, which largely discourages the use of B-triples for interstate operation. In South Australia, B-triples up to Template:Convert and two-trailer road trains to Template:Convert are generally permitted only on specified routes, including access to industrial and export areas near Port Adelaide from the north.

B quad

Beginning in 2018, the B quad has been allowed in Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland.

AB triple

File:Belfield&SonsABTriple.jpg

BA-triple

An AB triple consists of a standard trailer with a B-Double behind it using a converter dolly, with a trailer order of Standard, Dolly, B-Train, Standard. The final trailer may be either a B-Train with no trailer attached to it or a standard trailer. Alternatively, a BA triple sees this configuration reversed, consisting of a B-double with a converter dolly and standard trailer behind it.

A-triple

File:Road train (2).jpg

A-triple as tanker hauler

In South Australia, larger road trains up to Template:Convert (three full trailers) are permitted only on certain routes in the Far North.

BAB quad

File:Road train in Marla, South Australia.jpg

BAB quad

A BAB quad consists of two B-double units linked with a converter dolly, with trailer order of Prime Mover, B-Train, Dolly, B-Train.

ABB quad

ABB quad consists of one standard trailer and B-triple units linked with a converter dolly.

AAB quad

File:00 4603 Australien - Road Train.jpg

BAA quad

AAB quad consists of A-double and B-double units linked with a converter dolly. Alternatively, a BAA quad sees this configuration reversed, first the B-double, then the A-double.

A quad

File:MGM C509 Quad Road Train.jpg

A 60-metre A quad

In some parts of Australia, 'super quad' road trains up to Template:Convert are permitted, consisting of four standard trailers connected via three converter dollies, with a 196 tonne gross mass and 140 tonne payload.

C-train

A C-train is a semi-trailer attached to a turn table on a C-dolly. Unlike in an A-Train, the C-dolly is connected to the tractor or another trailer in front of it with two drawbars, thus eliminating the drawbar connection as an articulation point. One of the axles on a C-dolly is self-steerable to prevent tire scrubbing. C-dollies are not permitted in Australia, due to the lack of articulation.

Dog-trailer (dog trailer)

File:Quad dog trailer.jpg

Quad dog trailer

A dog-trailer (also called a pup) is a short trailer with a permanent dolly, with a single A-frame drawbar that fits into the Ringfeder or pintle hook on the rear of the truck or trailer in front, giving the whole unit two or more articulation points and very little roll stiffness. These are commonly used in Australia, particularly for end tipper applications like shown above. They are normally limited to a single dog trailer behind a short bodied (independently load carrying) truck with a standard length limit of 19 metres (20 under design permits). A quad dog trailer in combination with a bodied truck is able to carry more weight than a truck and single semi-trailer of the same length limit and access restrictions, as well as carrying two different materials as separate loads, such as with tipper bodies and fluid tankers.

Interstate road transport registration in Australia

File:Australian Road Train.jpg

Versions of australian road trains

In 1991, at a special Premiers' Conference, Australian heads of government signed an inter-governmental agreement to establish a national heavy vehicle registration, regulation and charging scheme: the Federal Interstate Registration Scheme (FIRS). Its requirements are as follows:Template:Bulleted list

Due to the "eastern" and "western" mass limits in Australia, two different categories of registration were enacted. The second digit of the registration plate showed what mass limit was allowed for that vehicle. If a vehicle had a 'V' as the second letter, its mass limits were in line with the eastern states mass limits, which were:

• Steer axle, 1 axle, 2 tyres: Template:Convert
• Steer axle, 2 axles, 2 tyres per axle: Non load sharing suspension Template:Convert
  • Load sharing suspension Template:Convert
• Single axle, dual tyres: Template:Convert
• Tandem axle, dual tyres: Template:Convert
• Tri-axle, dual tyres or 'super single' tyres: Template:Convert
• Gross combination mass on a 6-axle vehicle not to exceed Template:Convert

If a vehicle had an X as the second letter, its mass limits were in line with the western states mass limits, which were:

• Steer axle, 1 axle, 2 tyres: Template:Convert
• Steer axle, 2 axles, 2 tyres per axle
  • Non load sharing suspension Template:Convert: Load sharing suspension Template:Convert
• Single axle, dual tyres: Template:Convert
• Tandem axle, dual tyres: Template:Convert
• Tri-axle, dual tyres or "super single" tyres: Template:Convert
• Gross combination mass on a 6-axle vehicle not to exceed Template:Convert

The second digit of the registration being a T designates a trailer.

One of the main criteria of the registration is that intrastate operation is not permitted. The load has to come from one state or territory and be delivered to another. Many grain carriers were reported and prosecuted for cartage from the paddock to the silos. However, if the load went to a port silo, they were given the benefit of the doubt, as that grain was more than likely to be going overseas.

Signage

File:Roe Hwy 140723 gn-07.jpg

Single dolly behind a trailer

Australian road trains have horizontal signs front and back with Template:Convert high black uppercase letters on a reflective yellow background reading "ROAD TRAIN". The sign(s) must have a black border and be at least Template:Convert long and Template:Convert high and be placed between Template:Convert and Template:Convert above the ground on the fore or rearmost surface of the unit.

In the case of B-triples in Western Australia, they are signed front and rear with "ROAD TRAIN" until they cross the WA/SA border where they are then signed with "LONG VEHICLE" in the front and rear.

Converter dollies must have a sign affixed horizontally to the rearmost point, complying to the same conditions, reading "LONG VEHICLE". This is required for when a dolly is towed behind a trailer.

Combination lengths

B-double

Template:Convert max. Western Australia, Template:Convert max.

B-triple

up to Template:Convert max.

NTC modular B-triple

Template:Convert max. (uses 2× conventional B-double lead trailers)

Pocket road train

Template:Convert max. (Western Australia only) This configuration is classed as a "Long Vehicle".

Double road train or AB road train

Template:Convert max.

Triple and ABB or BAB-quad road trains

Template:Convert max.

Operating weights

Operational weights are based on axle group masses, as follows:

Single axle (steer tyre)

Template:Convert

Single axle (steer axle with 'super single' tyres)

Template:Convert

Single axle (dual tyres)

Template:Convert

Tandem axle grouping

Template:Convert

Tri-axle grouping

Template:Convert

Therefore,

• A B-double (single axle steering, tandem drive, and two tri-axle groups) would have an operational weight of Template:Convert.
• A double road train (single axle steering, tandem drive, tri-axle, tandem, tri-axle) would have an operational weight of Template:Convert.
• A triple is Template:Convert.
• Quads weigh in at Template:Convert.
• Concessional weight limits, which increase allowable weight to accredited operators can see (for example) a quad weighing up to Template:Convert.

• If a tri-drive prime mover is utilised, along with tri-axle dollies, weights can reach nearly Template:Convert.

Speed limits

The Australian national heavy vehicle speed limit is Template:Convert, except in New South Wales and Queensland where the speed limit for any road train is Template:Convert. B triple road trains have a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph) in Queensland.

In Canada, there is no difference between the cars' and road trains' speed limits, which range from Template:Convert on two-lane roads and Template:Convert on three-lane roads.

In Europe, the speed limit for heavy goods trucks is usually Template:Convert. Heavy trucks are required to have speed limiters, making it impossible to drive them faster than Template:Convert. These limits are normally the same for road trains. Trucks are discouraged from overtaking slightly slower vehicles on motorways because doing so obstructs the left lane, although such overtaking is still common, e.g. when heavy road trains lose speed uphill.

World's longest road trains

File:Road Train Australia.jpg

Shell Australia BAA quad tanker road train in the Northern Territory. Trailer arrangement is B-double towing two tri-axle trailers.

Below is a list of the longest road trains in the world. Most of these had no practical use, as they were driven across relatively short distances for the express purpose of record-breaking.

• In 1989, a trucker named "Buddo" tugged 12 trailers down the main street of Winton.
• In 1993, "Plugger" Bowden took the record with a Template:Convert Mack CLR pulling 16 trailers.
• A few months later this effort was surpassed by Darwin driver Malcolm Chisholm with a Template:Convert, 21-trailer rig extending Template:Convert.
• In April 1994 Bob Hayward and Andrew Aichison organised another attempt using a 1988 Mack Super-Liner 500 hp V8 belonging to Plugger Bowden who drove 29 stock trailers measuring 439.169 metres a distance of 4.5 km into Bourke. The record was published in the next Guinness Book of Records.
• Then the record went back to Winton with 34 trailers.
• On 3 April 1999, the town of Merredin, officially made it into the Guinness Book of Records, when Marleys Transport made a successful attempt on the record for the world's longest road train. The record was created when 45 trailers, driven by Greg Marley, weighing Template:Convert and measuring Template:Convert were pulled by a Kenworth 10×6 K100G for Template:Convert.
• On 19 October 2000, Doug Gould set the first of his records in Kalgoorlie, when a roadtrain made up of 79 trailers, measuring Template:Convert and weighing Template:Convert, was pulled by a Kenworth C501T driven by Steven Matthews a distance of Template:Convert.
• On 29 March 2003, the record was surpassed near Mungindi, by a road train consisting of 87 trailers and a single prime mover (measuring Template:Convert in length).
• The record returned to Kalgoorlie, on 17 October 2004, when Doug Gould assembled 117 trailers for a total length of Template:Convert. The attempt nearly failed, as the first prime mover's main driveshaft broke when taking off. A second truck was quickly made available, and pulled the train a distance of Template:Convert.
• In 2004, the record was again broken by a group from Clifton, Queensland which used a standard Mack truck to pull 120 trailers a distance of about Template:Convert.
• On 18 February 2006, an Australian built Mack truck with 113 semi-trailers, Template:Convert and Template:Convert long, pulled the load Template:Convert to recapture the record for the longest road train (multiple loaded trailers) ever pulled with a single prime mover. It was on the main road of Clifton, Queensland, that 70-year-old John Atkinson claimed a new record, pulled by a tri-drive Mack Titan.

Outside Australia

• On 12 April 2016 in Gothenburg, Sweden, a Volvo FH16 750 pulled 20 trailers with double-stacked containers with a total length of 300 meters (984 ft) and with a total weight of 750 tonnes.

Gallery

• Kurt Johannsen's "Bertha" Diamond T 980
  Kurt Johannsen's "Bertha" Diamond T 980
• Sherwin-Williams Paints truck on US 95 Nevada
  Sherwin-Williams Paints truck on US 95 Nevada
• Tipper A-double in USA
  Tipper A-double in USA
• 53 foot container turnpike double in Canada
  53 foot container turnpike double in Canada
• Triple trailer three 28.5-foot pups
  Triple trailer three 28.5-foot pups
• B-double with containers in the Netherlands
  B-double with containers in the Netherlands
• B-double in Denmark
  B-double in Denmark
• A-double in Africa
  A-double in Africa
• B-doubles in Africa
  B-doubles in Africa
• A-double in Brazil
  A-double in Brazil
• Tri-axle prime mover with quad-axle trailers and tri-axle dolly in Australia
  Tri-axle prime mover with quad-axle trailers and tri-axle dolly in Australia
• Two steer axled prime mover
  Two steer axled prime mover
• A B-double on Newell Highway
  A B-double on Newell Highway
• A-double
  A-double
• A-triple
  A-triple
• B-triple
  B-triple
• AB-triple
  AB-triple
• AAB quad
  AAB quad
• BAB quad
  BAB quad

See also

• Air brake (road vehicle)
• Articulated bus
• Brake
• Containerization
• Container on barge
• Container ship
• Dolly (trailer)
• Federal Bridge Weight Formula
• Fifth wheel coupling
• Gladhand connector
• Intermodal freight transport
• Jackknifing
• Longer Heavier Vehicle
• National Network – highway and interstate system
• Overland train
• Ringfeder coupling devices
• Road transport in Australia
• Rolling highway – freight trucks by rail
• Semi-trailer truck – large trucks such as road trains and articulated lorries
• Shipping container
• Top intermodal container companies list
• Trackless train
• Transport

External links

• Australian Road Train Association
• Australian National Heavy Vehicles Accreditation Scheme.
• Northern Territory Road Train road safety TV commercials. Template:Webarchive
• South Australian Roads road train gazette
• NSW Roads and Traffic Authority road train operators gazette
• NSW Roads and Traffic Authority Restricted Access Vehicles route map index
• NSW Roads and Traffic Authority Reflective sign standards
• U.S. department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Chapter VII, Safety.
• The U.S. Department of Transportation's Western Uniformity Scenario Analysis.
• British Columbia Government Licensing Bulletin 6
• British Columbia Government Licensing Bulletin 41
• Roadmap of technologies able to halve energy use per passenger mile includes the dynamically coupled, heterogeneous type of roadtrain
• Road trains and electrification of transport
• Combination Vehicles for Commercial Drivers License