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==Biography==
==Biography==
Razaf was born in 1895 in [[Washington, D.C.]], United States.<ref name="LarkinGE"/> His birth name was Andriamanantena Paul Razafinkarefo. He was the son of Henri Razafinkarefo, nephew of Queen [[Ranavalona III]] of the [[Merina Kingdom|Imerina]] kingdom in Madagascar, and Jennie Razafinkarefo (née Waller), daughter of [[John L. Waller]], the first African American consul to [[Merina Kingdom|Imerina]].<ref name="Past">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/razaf-andy-1895-1973/|title=Andy Razaf (1895-1973)|website=Blackpast.org|first=Olga|last=Bourlin|date=November 29, 2015|access-date=October 6, 2021}}</ref> The [[Second Madagascar expedition|French invasion of Madagascar]] (1894-95) left Henri dead, and forced pregnant 15-year-old Jennie to escape to the U.S..<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JUjFNpgoZD0C&dq=madagascar+Andy+razaf&pg=PA71|title=Easy to Remember: The Great American Songwriters and Their Songs|first=William|last=Zinsser|page=71/2|date=October 6, 2006|publisher=David R. Godine Publisher|isbn=9781567923254|access-date=October 6, 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref> Razaf was raised in [[Harlem]], [[Manhattan]].
Razaf was born in 1895 in [[Washington, D.C.]], United States.<ref name="LarkinGE"/> His birth name was Andriamanantena Paul Razafinkarefo. He was the son of Henri Razafinkarefo, nephew of Queen [[Ranavalona III]] of the [[Merina Kingdom|Imerina]] kingdom in Madagascar, and Jennie Razafinkarefo (née Waller), daughter of [[John L. Waller]], the first African American consul to [[Merina Kingdom|Imerina]].<ref name="Past">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/razaf-andy-1895-1973/|title=Andy Razaf (1895-1973)|website=Blackpast.org|first=Olga|last=Bourlin|date=November 29, 2015|access-date=October 6, 2021}}</ref> The [[Second Madagascar expedition|French invasion of Madagascar]] (1894–95) left Henri dead, and forced pregnant 15-year-old Jennie to escape to the U.S.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/easytoremembergr0000zins/page/72/mode/2up|title=Easy to Remember: The Great American Songwriters and Their Songs|first=William|last=Zinsser|author-link=William Zinsser|page=72|date=October 6, 2006|publisher=David R. Godine|isbn=9781567923254}}</ref> Razaf was raised in [[Harlem]], [[Manhattan]].


At age 16, Razaf quit school and took a job as an elevator operator in a [[Tin Pan Alley]] office building. A year later he penned his first song text, embarking on his career as a lyricist. During this time he spent many nights in the [[Greyhound Lines]] bus station in [[Times Square]], and picked up his mail at the [[Embassy Five Theatre|Gaiety Theatre office building]], which was considered the black Tin Pan Alley.<ref name="broadway">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqi3d1925IcC&q=City+Investing+Five+Broadway+Theatres&pg=PA180|title=Broadway: An Encyclopedia|author=Ken Bloom|publisher=Routledge|edition=Second|date=November 11, 2003|isbn=0-415-93704-3}}</ref>
At age 16, Razaf quit school and took a job as an elevator operator in a [[Tin Pan Alley]] office building. A year later he penned his first song text, embarking on his career as a lyricist. During this time he spent many nights in the [[Greyhound Lines]] bus station in [[Times Square]], and picked up his mail at the [[Embassy Five Theatre|Gaiety Theatre office building]], which was considered the black Tin Pan Alley.<ref name="broadway">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqi3d1925IcC&q=City+Investing+Five+Broadway+Theatres&pg=PA180|title=Broadway: An Encyclopedia|author=Ken Bloom|author-link=Ken Bloom (writer)|publisher=Routledge|edition=Second|date=November 11, 2003|isbn=0-415-93704-3}}</ref>


Some of Razaf's early poems were published in 1917–18 in the [[Hubert Harrison]]-edited ''Voice'', the first newspaper of the "[[Harlem Renaissance|New Negro Movement]]". He was a contributor to and editor of the [[Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League]]'s ''[[Negro World]]'' newspaper.<ref name="Past"/>
Some of Razaf's early poems were published in 1917–18 in the [[Hubert Harrison]]-edited ''Voice'', the first newspaper of the "[[Harlem Renaissance|New Negro Movement]]". He was a contributor to and editor of the [[Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League]]'s ''[[Negro World]]'' newspaper.<ref name="Past"/>
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Though primarily a lyricist, Razaf wrote both the words and the music of many songs, though none became as well known as his collaborations with other composers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singer |first1=Barry |title=Black and Blue: The Life and Lyrics of Andy Razaf |date=1992 |publisher=Schirmer Books |location=New York |isbn=0-02-872395-3 |pages=390–406}}</ref>
Though primarily a lyricist, Razaf wrote both the words and the music of many songs, though none became as well known as his collaborations with other composers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singer |first1=Barry |title=Black and Blue: The Life and Lyrics of Andy Razaf |date=1992 |publisher=Schirmer Books |location=New York |isbn=0-02-872395-3 |pages=390–406}}</ref>


Razaf also made many recordings as a vocalist, of both his own songs and others', most in the late 1920s,{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=416-417}} as a soloist (sometimes on ukelele) and with musicians including James P. Johnson{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} and [[Fletcher Henderson]].
Razaf also made many recordings as a vocalist, of both his own songs and others', most in the late 1920s,{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=416-417}} as a soloist (sometimes on ukelele) and with musicians including [[James P. Johnson]]{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} and [[Fletcher Henderson]].


He married Annabelle Miller in 1915 but abandoned her within a few years.{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=158-162}} He was married to [[Jean Blackwell Hutson]] from 1939 to 1947<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Dinitia|date=1998-02-07|title=Jean Hutson, Schomburg Chief, Dies at 83 (Published 1998)|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/07/arts/jean-hutson-schomburg-chief-dies-at-83.html|access-date=2021-02-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>, to Dorothy Carpenter from 1948 to around 1960{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=321,341}}, and to Alicia Wilson Georgiade from 1963 until his death.{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=345-346}}
He married Annabelle Miller in 1915 but abandoned her within a few years.{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=158-162}} He was married to [[Jean Blackwell Hutson]] from 1939 to 1947,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Dinitia|author-link=Dinitia Smith|date=1998-02-07|title=Jean Hutson, Schomburg Chief, Dies at 83 (Published 1998)|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/07/arts/jean-hutson-schomburg-chief-dies-at-83.html|access-date=2021-02-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> to Dorothy Carpenter from 1948 to around 1960,{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=321,341}} and to Alicia Wilson Georgiade from 1963 until his death.{{sfn|Singer|1992|p=345-346}}


In 1972, Razaf was recognized by his Tin Pan Alley peers when he was inducted in the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]].<ref name="SHOF">{{cite web|url=http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibit_home_page.asp?exhibitId=305|title=Songwriters Hall of Fame website|website=Songwritershalloffame.org|access-date=5 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402040910/http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibit_home_page.asp?exhibitId=305|archive-date=April 2, 2008|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He died in [[North Hollywood, California]] in February 1973 from [[renal failure]], aged 77.<ref name="Past"/>
In 1972, Razaf was recognized by his Tin Pan Alley peers when he was inducted in the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]].<ref name="SHOF">{{cite web|url=http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibit_home_page.asp?exhibitId=305|title=Songwriters Hall of Fame website|website=Songwritershalloffame.org|access-date=5 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402040910/http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibit_home_page.asp?exhibitId=305|archive-date=April 2, 2008|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He died in [[North Hollywood, California]], in February 1973 from [[renal failure]], aged 77.<ref name="Past"/>


==Songs==
==Songs==
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Further reading==
* ''Black and Blue: The Life and Lyrics of Andy Razaf'' by Barry Singer, Foreword by Bobby Short, {{ISBN|0-02-872395-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Furia |first1=Philip |title=The Poets of Tin Pan Alley: A History of America's Great Lyricists |date=1990 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0195064089 |url=https://archive.org/details/poetsoftinpanall0000furi}}
* ''Easy to Remember: The Great American Songwriters and Their Songs'' by William Zinsser, David R. Godine Publisher, 2006, {{ISBN|1-56792-325-9}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Mather |editor1-first=Frank Lincoln |title=Who's Who of the Colored Race |date=1976 |publisher=Gale Research Co. |location=Detroit |isbn=0-8103-4247-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoofcolored0000unse/mode/2up}}
* ''The Poets of Tin Pan Alley: A History of America's Great Lyricists'' by Philip Furia, {{ISBN|0-19-507473-4}}
* ''Who's Who of the Colored Race, Memento Edition Half-Century Anniversary of Negro Freedom in U.S.'', reprinted by Gale Research Company, Book Tower Detroit, 1976.


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:African-American musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American musicians]]
[[Category:American people of Malagasy descent]]
[[Category:American people of Malagasy descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery]]

Latest revision as of 15:23, 14 November 2025

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Andy Razaf (born Andriamanantena Paul Razafinkarefo; December 16, 1895 – February 3, 1973)[1] was the American lyricist of such well-known songs as "Ain't Misbehavin'" and "Honeysuckle Rose". He was also a composer, poet and vocalist.

Biography

Razaf was born in 1895 in Washington, D.C., United States.[1] His birth name was Andriamanantena Paul Razafinkarefo. He was the son of Henri Razafinkarefo, nephew of Queen Ranavalona III of the Imerina kingdom in Madagascar, and Jennie Razafinkarefo (née Waller), daughter of John L. Waller, the first African American consul to Imerina.[2] The French invasion of Madagascar (1894–95) left Henri dead, and forced pregnant 15-year-old Jennie to escape to the U.S.[3] Razaf was raised in Harlem, Manhattan.

At age 16, Razaf quit school and took a job as an elevator operator in a Tin Pan Alley office building. A year later he penned his first song text, embarking on his career as a lyricist. During this time he spent many nights in the Greyhound Lines bus station in Times Square, and picked up his mail at the Gaiety Theatre office building, which was considered the black Tin Pan Alley.[4]

Some of Razaf's early poems were published in 1917–18 in the Hubert Harrison-edited Voice, the first newspaper of the "New Negro Movement". He was a contributor to and editor of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League's Negro World newspaper.[2]

Razaf's most important collaborator was Fats Waller. Among the best-known Razaf-Waller songs are "Ain't Misbehavin'", "Honeysuckle Rose", "The Joint Is Jumpin'", "Willow Tree", "Keepin' Out of Mischief Now" and "(What Did I Do to Be So) Black and Blue". Razaf also worked with other composers including Eubie Blake, James P. Johnson, J. C. Johnson, Don Redman and Harry Brooks.[1] His songs were played by them and other songwriter-performers, as well as by Cab Calloway, Benny Goodman and many other musicians. He wrote a number of raunchy "character" blues-type songs that were sung by many 1920s female blues singers.Template:Example needed

Though primarily a lyricist, Razaf wrote both the words and the music of many songs, though none became as well known as his collaborations with other composers.[5]

Razaf also made many recordings as a vocalist, of both his own songs and others', most in the late 1920s,Template:Sfn as a soloist (sometimes on ukelele) and with musicians including James P. JohnsonScript error: No such module "Unsubst". and Fletcher Henderson.

He married Annabelle Miller in 1915 but abandoned her within a few years.Template:Sfn He was married to Jean Blackwell Hutson from 1939 to 1947,[6] to Dorothy Carpenter from 1948 to around 1960,Template:Sfn and to Alicia Wilson Georgiade from 1963 until his death.Template:Sfn

In 1972, Razaf was recognized by his Tin Pan Alley peers when he was inducted in the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[7] He died in North Hollywood, California, in February 1973 from renal failure, aged 77.[2]

Songs

The Songwriters Hall of Fame entry for Andy Razaf lists 215 compositions, giving co-writers and publishers.[7] He had many unpublished songs; Singer's biography lists more than 800, published and unpublished (but without giving lyrics). Some notable lyrics include:

See also Category:Songs written by Andy Razaf.

Recordings of Razaf's songs

Although Razaf's songs are found on hundreds of recordings, there are only two albums devoted exclusively to his songs:

  • Maxine Sullivan, A Tribute to Andy Razaf, 1956, produced by Leonard Feather,[9] re-issued in 2006 as My Memories of You with two additional non-Razaf tracks.
  • Bobby Short, Guess Who's in Town: Bobby Short Performs the Songs of Andy Razaf, 1987,[2][10] re-released in 2001 in tandem with Bobby Short Loves Cole Porter.

Poems

  • Wired, Hired, Fired, an expression of grief and sorrow that color bars one fitted to position (that is, one otherwise qualified for, or well suited to the job, is barred on the basis of race).
  • Jack Johnson, touching on defeat with honor.

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

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External links

Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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